Shane W Kraus

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Verified

Shane verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD Clinical Psychology
• Professor (Associate) at University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Aims: To review the evidence base for classifying compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a non-substance or 'behavioral' addiction. Methods: Data from multiple domains (e.g. epidemiological, phenomenological, clinical, biological) are reviewed and considered with respect to data from substance and gambling addictions. Results: Overlapping feature...

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread public health problem in the United States. It has been associated with multiple long-term deleterious outcomes including revictimization in adulthood. This systematic review of 25 studies synthesizes research examining possible risk and protective factors that might explain the established link between CSA...

Pornography use is a common activity in the developed world. This work consolidates research about pornography use into an organizational structure that is relevant to sexual motivation more broadly. To accomplish this, a comprehensive review of research is conducted, examining personality, emotional, and attitudinal associates and predictors of po...

Introduction Human sexuality is a multidimensional phenomenon related to several factors, such as self-esteem, awareness of sexual needs, and ability to communicate them to others. Aim To examine the sexual characteristics of patients seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD)—a clinical diagnosis recently included in the 11t...

Importance Sports gambling has become one of the most accessible forms of gambling in the United States, and recent research suggests that sports gambling coupled with frequent alcohol use may have deleterious health consequences. Objective To examine the trajectories of sports gambling frequency and alcohol-related problems over time and the asso...

Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) an...

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ). Additionally, the present study sought to conduct analyses to assess the measurement invariance of the SAQ and potential differences of experience of spiritual abuse based on sexual orientation, gender, and racial/ethnic identity. Utilizing o...

Introduction Chemsex, or the use of specific psychoactive substances to enhance or prolong sexual encounters, is increasingly prevalent among sexual minority men and is linked to adverse health outcomes. Aim This study examines the co-occurrence of chemsex and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) among sexual minority men and whether this co...

Purpose of the Review Four years after the publication of the Brief Pornography Screen (BPS), this review was undertaken to identify the scope of validation research on this brief assessment tool for problematic pornography use (PPU) as well as to identify trends and current gaps in the literature. Recent Findings A total of 33 studies, including...

Background Most problematic pornography use (PPU) research relies on cross-sectional designs. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies are needed to better understand PPU correlates. We evaluated how daily PPU and pornography use ratings were correlated with baseline PPU, pornography use frequency (over 12-months), alcohol problems, and depres...

Background and aims: The Moral Incongruence Model of Pornography Use proposes that pornography-use-related problems may be present due to problematic pornography use (PPU) and/or moral disapproval (MD) of pornography use. Despite some supporting empirical evidence, no study has tested the presence of different pornography-use profiles based on indi...

Purpose of Review Gambling disorder (GD) presents significant psychiatric challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations like military veterans, who often also face mental health comorbidities. Recovery is a crucial issue in the gambling field, representing a transition from illness to health. Currently, there is no consensus regarding its def...

Background and aims: Despite a growing body of research on pornography use among women, there is a lack of understanding of the problematic versus non-problematic nature. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between women’s motivations for pornography use and sexual wellbeing using a cross-sectional, self-report survey design amo...

Background and aims Sexual trauma is associated with multiple negative health and social conditions, including compulsive sexual behavior. The present study examined network structures involving sexual trauma history, psychological distress (defined as depression and/or anxiety symptoms), substance use, transactional sex, and compulsive sexual beha...

In comparison to other motives for gambling, social motives (e.g., gambling for social interaction) are often suggested to be the least problematic and, in some cases, even a protective factor for problem gambling. This view is consistent with historical distinctions between ‘social’ versus ‘problem’ gambling. As a result, little research has attem...

Sexual satisfaction can be important for overall well-being and has been described as a sexual right. Individual and cultural factors, such as gender identity and sexual orientation, may influence the ways in which individuals describe, share, or experience their sexuality. The aims of the present study were to examine the factor structure of the f...

The Sexual Abuse History Questionnaire (SAHQ), a widely used screening tool for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent/adult sexual assault (AASA) experiences, has limited examination of its psychometric properties in diverse populations. Our study assessed the SAHQ's psychometric properties (i.e., structural validity and measurement invarianc...

This chapter summarizes the current literature on gambling and gambling disorders among youth. The emergence of online gambling, together with the legalization, social acceptance, and appearance of new forms of gambling or gambling-related factors, such as internet gambling, daily fantasy sports, and sports betting or loot boxes, may raise particul...

Sexual desire is a complex construct with important implications for sexual functioning and well-being. In this research, we translated the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI-2), a widely used scale for assessing sexual (desire), into 25 languages from English and used data from the International Sex Survey (ISS) to (a) investigate its psychometric prope...

Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction; however, no research has tested this relationship while adjusting for the known effects of anxiety and depression on sexual functioning. Furthermore, there is a notable lack of research on sexual functioning problems and ED symptoms among men.Method: Undergraduate...

Background Methadone is an effective and widely used medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Within in the United States (US), older adults represent an increasing proportion of those receiving MOUD, yet little is known about characteristics of older individuals in these programs. Objectives To evaluate mental and physical health characteristic...

This study was designed to examine how cultural values affected mothers’ perceptions of internalizing symptoms in youth, comparing Taiwanese and U.S. samples. We hypothesized that mothers’ self-reported East Asian cultural values (e.g., conformity, emotional self-control, face culture) would mediate the relationship between their country of residen...

Introduction The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) is a brief questionnaire that evaluates five major aspects of sexual function: sex drive, arousal, erectile function/vaginal lubrication, ability to reach orgasm, and satisfaction with orgasm. An advantage of the ASEX is its simplicity and brevity (five items), making it suitable for the scre...

Racially marginalized groups in the United States continuously report experiencing immigration-related attacks. Particularly, immigration status is often used to persecute people of color (POC). These two studies aimed to construct, develop, and validate a quantitative scale that measures the frequency of racial microaggressions within the context...

Problematic pornography use (PPU) shares characteristics with behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder (GD), and PPU and GD may frequently co-occur. In order to fill existing gaps in screening instruments for PPU validated in GD, the study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) with...

Background and Aims Many jurisdictions are experiencing opioid epidemics. Opioid use disorder (OUD) often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders including behavioral addictions like gambling disorder. However, little is known regarding the frequency and correlates of problematic pornography use (PPU) among people seeking treatment for OUD. Here...

Recent years have seen a surge in research related to compulsive, excessive, or out-of-control sexual behaviors. Yet, little is known about which behaviors people might experience as compulsive. Using YouGov America, a non-probability sample was collected, matched to U.S. representative norms, stratified, and weighted based on sample characteristic...

Past research has demonstrated a consistent connection between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problematic gambling in both general and clinical United States (U.S.) populations. Little is known, however, about the mediating role that responsible gambling practices related to positive play might have in the relationships betwee...

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Model and the various psychometric instruments developed and validated based on this model are well established in clinical and research settings. However, evidence regarding the psychometric validity, reliability, and equivalence across multiple countries of residence, languages, or gender identities, including gender...

Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a...

This study suggests that the top five predictors of problematic pornography use (PPU) were frequency of use, emotional avoidance pornography use motivation, stress reduction pornography use motivation, moral incongruence, and sexual shame. These findings provide empirically based key insights to develop effective, scientifically driven prevention a...

Problematic pornography use (PPU) is the most common manifestation of the newly introduced compulsive sexual behavior disorder diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Research related to PPU has proliferated in the past two decades, but most prior studies were characterized by several shortcomings (e.g., usin...

AIM: Recently, we have witnessed a large increase in the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adults in Ireland. This is a significant public health issue, because if STIs are not diagnosed or treated, they can cause severe harm to the person’s physical and mental health. The increase seemed particularly sharp among young adu...

Armed forces veterans are especially prone to experiencing a variety of addictive disorders, including gambling disorder. Even so, gambling disorder in veterans remains understudied generally, and there remain significant gaps in the research literature with regards to how gambling disorder relates to the experience and expression of comorbid subs...

Recent technological advances and legislative changes have led to an increase of sports wagering across the United States, raising concerns about possible increases in problem gambling behaviors. This, in turn, points to an increased need to understand responsible gambling and how it relates to sports gambling behaviors. The present work utilizes t...

Face culture is a crucial facet of East Asia. The most common self‐report measure for face concern is the unidimensional Loss of Face Scale. In this study, we examined the dimensionality, factor structure, and validity of the Loss of Face Scale in two samples. Sample 1 ( N = 602) consisted of 303 Taiwanese mothers and 299 U.S. mothers. Sample 2 ( N...

The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of Problem Gambling (PG) is complex, particularly given recent evidence that SES should be understood in both objective and subjective terms. Likewise, financial gambling motives have been found to be predictive of PG; however, financial motives are less understood in comparison to other gambling...

Background and aims: Since the inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the International Classification of Diseases (11th ed.), there has been little effort placed into developing clinical recommendations for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) clients with this condition. Thus, we develop preliminary clinical recommendation...

Background. Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health issues experienced worldwide. However, whereas cross-cultural studies utilize psychometrically valid and reliable scales, fewer can meaningfully compare these conditions across different groups. To address this gap, the current study aimed to psychometrically assess the B...

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. Study design: The study design is a cro...

This survey study examines whether or not individuals who wager on sports are at greater risk of binge use of alcohol.

Background The three-item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3) has been frequently used to assess distress related to sexuality in public health surveys and research on sexual wellbeing. However, its psychometric properties and measurement invariance across cultural, gender and sexual subgroups have not yet been examined. This multinational study aimed to...

Introduction: The addition of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) into the ICD-11 chapter on mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders has greatly stimulated research and controversy around compulsive sexual behavior, or what has been termed "hypersexual disorder," "sexual addiction," "porn addiction," "sexual compulsivity," and "...

Objective: There is a growing consensus that problematic pornography use (PPU), one of the most commonly reported compulsive sexual behaviors, is related to a number of internalizing psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression). However, little is known about the potential comorbidity of PPU and suicidal thoughts. Given known links between PPU...

Background and aims Problematic pornography use (PPU) is a common manifestation of the newly introduced Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Although cultural, gender‐ and sexual orientation‐related differences in sexual behaviors a...

Prior works note that identifying problematic play is a leading barrier to treatment seeking, contributing to low treatment rates in those with gambling problems (e.g., Bijker et al., 2022; Suurvali et al., 2012a). While research has looked at treatment seekers’ motives for treatment (Gainsbury et al., 2014; Suurvali et al., 2012b), the situations...

Purpose of Review This review summarizes research on compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals and integrates this literature with minority stress theory. Recent Findings Research examining CSB in LGBTQ populations spans assessment, prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, and treatment dom...

Purpose of Review Research has demonstrated that craving is a salient aspect of behavioral and substance use addictions. In 2014, the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ) was published as the first comprehensive scale to assess craving for pornography. This review was undertaken to understand conceptualizations of craving in behavioral addiction...

Problematic pornography use (PPU) is a burgeoning area of clinical interest. The Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) is a new PPU measure. The BPS has not been psychometrically studied within specific cultural groups. We sought to broaden the PPU literature by examining the confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) fit, measurement invariance, and structural i...

Objective We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,...

The current understanding of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is primarily based on studies involving non-clinical samples of heterosexual men, resulting in significant gaps in knowledge regarding women with CSBD. The commentary highlights the domains where further research is necessary, including incidence and prevalence, etiology, diagn...

Background and aims: The ICD-11 chapter on mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders contains new controversial diagnoses including compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), intermittent explosive disorder (IED) and gaming disorder. Using a vignette-based methodology, this field study examined the ability of mental health professionals...

Background and aims: Problematic pornography use (PPU) is a common manifestation of the newly introduced Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Although cultural, gender- and sexual orientation-related differences in sexual behaviors...

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a burgeoning diagnostic construct. No systematic reviews of CSBD pharmacotherapy interventions have been conducted. We addressed this gap using a three-aim approach. We reviewed researchers’ theoretical arguments for various pharmacotherapies, outcomes from pharmacotherapy trials, and the generalizabili...

Serious concerns have been raised regarding the validity of popular experiential avoidance measures. We developed a new “experiential avoidance rating scale” (EARS) to address some of the psychometric concerns with existing measures. Candidate items were generated according to the original functional contextual definition of experiential avoidance...

Introduction: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. Aims: The present...

Background: The 21st century has brought substantial changes to the manners in which people gamble and the types of things on which people gamble. These changes are particularly stark in the United States, where, over the past five years, sports betting has gone from being legal in only one location to being legal throughout the majority of the co...

Armed Forces Veterans are uniquely vulnerable to problem gambling and gambling disorder. Even so, research regarding the full clinical profile of veterans with gambling problems lags. Gambling activities vary widely from each other, but most gambling activities can be understood as either strategic (i.e., involving some measure of skill and decisio...

The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) is an instrument to screen substance use-related health risks. However, little is known whether the ASSIST could be further shortened while remaining psychometrically sound across different countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual orientation-based groups. The study a...

Sexual dysfunction is associated with psychological symptoms, including depression and anxiety. Sexual dysfunctions are often attributed to dissociation symptoms in individuals who reported sexual trauma histories. This study utilized a network approach to analyze relationships between sexual and psychological symptoms and examine whether the ident...

Background and aims: Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries,...

Meaning making efforts, such as perceiving posttraumatic growth (PPTG), may relate to mental health (MH), especially when creating meaning in life (MIL). We tested this assertion using media-tion analyses to see whether PPTG leads to subsequent MH through MIL and if PPTG leads to increased MIL, which predicts increased MH. 402 Post-9/11 military ve...

This report investigates the understudied group of VIP Hosts in Macao casinos, who cater to high rollers and may be more vulnerable to problem gambling due to their exposure to heavy betting. To comprehensively profile their gambling behaviors and cognitions, we conducted an anonymous online survey using the Chinese Version of South Oaks Gambling S...

Introduction Psychotherapy is considered as first-line therapy for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD). “Off-label” use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and opioid antagonists was reported as effective but the evidence-based data on pharmacological interventions remains very scarce. Objective The purpose of the study was to compa...

Objective: The authors used a machine-learning approach to model clinician decision making regarding psychiatric hospitalization of children and youths in crisis and to identify factors associated with the decision to hospitalize. Methods: Data consisted of 4,786 mobile crisis response team assessments of children and youths, ages 4.0-19.5 years...

Background and aims: The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD), a new diagnosis that is both controversial and groundbreaking, as it is the first diagnosis to codify a disorder related to excessive, compulsive, and out-of-control sexual behavior. The inclus...

Online dating platforms (ODPs) are becoming increasingly common, and their use may have mental and sexual health implications. The purpose of the present study was to examine facets of sexual and mental health among a mixed sexuality sample of ODP users, while also considering how user motivations (e.g., sexual or romantic reasons) may confer great...

Raw datasets were sourced from a U.S. based provider of digital gambling payments systems, who has demanded to remain anonymous. The raw datasets cover a time period of 6-years (2015-2021), representing over 300,000 customers and approximately 90 million transaction records. One of these raw datasets is a transaction log file representing customer...

Payment providers in the gambling industry facilitate the transfer of money to and from gamblers’ wagering accounts. Payments transaction data is information captured from these transactions, such as the type, amount, time, and location. There is significant stakeholder interest in how technology-assisted payments may affect potential gambling harm...

We explored how sexting (no sexting, sent only, received only, reciprocal) was associated with depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and compulsive sexual behaviors across sex and sexual identity groups. We also examined how substance use predicted sexting classifications. Data came from N=2,160 college students living in the United States. Results...

The current study explored men’s (N = 1,298) reports of sexual behaviors, hypersexuality, pornography use, pornography avoidance self-efficacy, and sensation seeking with respect to men’s sexual orientation (heterosexual = 68.5%, gay = 11.2%, bisexual = 16.0%, and uncertain = 4.3%). Results revealed that heterosexual men reported less frequent porn...

Do addictions share common traits of an "addictive personality" or do different addictions have distinct personality profiles? This narrative review examines the differences in the associations between substance use disorder (SUD) and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), on the one hand, and personality traits, attachment dispositions, and t...

Objective The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) was originally validated in non-Hispanic White women and has become widely used as an assessment tool for research on eating pathology in college students. However, the original factor structure has generally failed to replicate across various samples, especially among diverse populati...

Technological innovations in the gambling industry have revolutionized the availability, storage, and use-cases of data. How this data may be leveraged for responsible gambling has emerged as a popular field of inquiry. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to understand the current state of data science applications for respons...

Background The addiction model of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and problematic pornography use (PPU) predicts the presence of withdrawal symptoms and increased tolerance for sexual stimuli in the disorder phenotype. However, clear empirical evidence supporting this claim has largely been lacking. Methods In the preregistered, nationa...

This survey study assesses levels of problem-gambling risk across 4 categories of sports-related wagering among US adults.

Background Exposure to traumatic experiences represent one factor that may contribute to the development of hypersexual behaviors. Aim We investigated the associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms and hypersexual behaviors by analyzing survey data from 2 samples. Method The first sample consisted of n = 585 college students, and the seco...

With the growth of Internet pornography and the impacts of problematic pornography use (PPU), the validation of short and psychometrically sound screening instruments in different cultures is needed to identify individuals with PPU who may benefit from intervention. This study sought to validate the Bangla version of the Brief Pornography Screen (B...

Background and aims This systematic review examines whether sports betting behaviors differ among and between sports bettors in different countries, evaluates psychosocial problems related to sports betting behaviors and how problems may vary by country, and lastly, summarizes the current regulatory guidelines for sports betting. Methods We follow...

Objective: Diagnostic guidelines for compulsive sexual behavior disorder note that moral distress related to sexual behavior is not sufficient to receive the diagnosis. Recent work has questioned the uniqueness of moral distress in predicting self-reported feelings of sexual addiction, demonstrating that other so-called addictive behaviors (e.g.,...

With the growth of Internet pornography and the impacts of problematic pornography use (PPU), the validation of short and psychometrically sound screening instruments in different cultures is needed to identify individuals with PPU who may benefit from intervention. This study sought to validate the Bangla version of the Brief Pornography Screen (B...

Problematic pornography use represents a common feature reported by those with compulsive sexual behavior disorder. While prior research suggests U.S. military veterans may experience disproportional rates of problematic pornography use, few comparative studies exist. Moreover, no measurement invariance analyses between veterans and non-veterans ex...

Background Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder is currently included in the forthcoming eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11); however, prior studies have been conducted mostly on heterosexual, White/European male samples. Aim To examine the correlates of compulsive sexual behaviors (CSB) with sociodemographic...