Shahram Yazdani

• MD
• Director at National Agency of Strategic Research in Medical Education

Introduction Countries, especially developing countries, are prone to economic crises, which are the consequences of various crises, including pandemics, climate crises, armed conflicts and migration. Therefore, policy-makers need a guiding framework for policy-making against the economic crisis that contributes to health system resilience. This st...

Background Different countries have varying dental specialities, shaped by diverse factors. The determinants influencing the development of these specialities differ between developed and developing countries. This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to the establishment of dental specialities in Iran, a developing country with a wide r...

Background: Synthesis studies are used for the retrieval, review, synthesis, analysis, and integration of the findings of original studies. The purpose of this review was to shed more light on how meta-ethnography works as a method of inductive and interpretative knowledge synthesis, and on its application and implementation in medical sciences. Me...

Background Evidence-informed policymaking is a complex process that requires adapting to diverse contexts characterized by varying degrees of certainty and agreement. Existing models and frameworks often lack clear guidance for dealing with such contexts. This study aimed to develop a novel contingency model to guide the context-specific use of evi...

Background The use of research evidence in policy making is a complex and challenging process that has a long history in various fields, especially in healthcare. Different terms and concepts have been used to describe the relationship between research and policy, but they often lack clarity and consensus. To address this gap, several strategies an...

Purpose: Medical education requires competent faculty members with the ability to create change in medical education. The focus on teacher competency are emerged as the results of medical education movements toward learner competency. The purpose of this study was to identify medical faculties competencies in their main roles and to provide a comp...

Background One of the approaches to health workforce planning is supply-based. It has been emphasized that countries should model health workforce based on evidence and their context. The objective of this study is to "design a supply health workforce planning model for specialty and subspecialty in Iran." Methods This is a study using Walker and...

BACKGROUND Higher-order thinking (HOT) is widely recognized as an essential objective of health profession education (HPE). Based on Lipman's three-dimensional model of thinking, we investigated strategies for the development of HOT including critical thinking (CT), creative thinking, and caring thinking in HPE in three consecutive studies. Fosteri...

In this study, a comprehensive classification for supply chain risks in the pharmaceutical industry is presented using the Bailey's classical strategy method and the four-stage Collier method. Initially, through the examination of texts related to the main hazard groups, supply chain elements, considering resources and functions, and categorizing u...

Context: The recent growth of research and the vast amount of knowledge available highlight the necessity for synthesizing existing research in a reliable and high-quality manner. The substantial body of qualitative meta-synthesis studies on chronic diseases indicates the need for a deeper understanding of this methodology. Therefore, the purpose o...

Introduction: for those who adopt Grounded theory method, the question of how and when to interact with the existing literature often remains problematic. This study was conducted to find the most appropriate time for reviewing texts in educational research based on grounded theory. Methodology: This was a narrative review. A search was done in the...

Introduction: Proper transfer of professional values is an essential part of medical education. Real-life experiences in the educational process are one of the most effective methods for achieving values and assisting students in developing their value framework. This study aimed to develop and characterize the concept of value-rich exposures in m...

Context: Universities are among the best places to foster innovation and provide services, as they are in close contact with clients. In order to offer the best possible services, they need to be innovative in their respective fields. Service innovation is widely recognized as one of the three strategic research priorities of service institutions....

Context: Critical thinking (CT) has been recognized as a key learning outcome in health profession education (HPE). A holistic, well-defined process for initiating CT is essential to promote critical problem-solving in HPE students. Various perceptions of CT have emerged from different paradigms and disciplines. Integration of this variability into...

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a criterion consisting of several components that encompass socioeconomic and cultural dimensions. This study aimed to design and develop a methodological guideline for calculating a single summary index (SSI) using the contributing variables of SES in a family unit. Methods: The data consisted of 18 700 ur...

Background: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) play a pivotal role in the management and treatment chain of emergency patients and their health outcomes. Knowing the clinical reasoning pattern in prehospital procedures is of particular importance that can help to develop a correct clinical decision-making process in this group. Therefore, this s...

Background: Although the importance of health promotion and empowerment of the community has been recognized for many years, there are still many barriers to adopting health promotion in the world. One of the solutions is socially accountable medical education and community engagement. Objective: This study aimed to compare the medical programs...

Background The migration of health professionals from Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) to High-Income countries (HICs) is an ongoing phenomenon that has been accelerating with globalisation. While there has been growing research around the migration of physicians and nurses, there is less understanding of the motives surrounding the migrati...

Background: To date, there is still no uniformity in forecasting models for health workforce planning (HWFP). Different countries use various HWFP models, some of which are context-specific. The objective of this systematic review is to determine approaches and components of HWFP models. Methods: A systematic review of studies published in Engli...

BACKGROUND: The capacity of self-authoring one's own beliefs, identity, and relationships is core to many expected outcomes of future health-care professionals. Students' personal and professional development for self-authorship can be promoted by the variety of developmentally effective “crossroads” experiences that they encounter. Identifying the...

Objectives: Dental specialties in Iran were first established in 1970s, and developed over time. Considering that information is essential for health policymaking, and lack of it is the main problem; therefore, policymakers require adequate knowledge about development and alterations of healthcare providers to recognize the influential factors on t...

Today, changes in political and economic conditions, epidemiological and sociological developments, and the advancement of science and technology have necessitated the health and medical education systems to change. Therefore, we conducted a study entitled “Global perspectives on trends in higher education in healthcare,” to improve the quality of...

The complexity of today's world is constantly creating new challenges for higher education institutions, and they must continually be consistent and accountable to maintain standards of excellence and compete in international education markets. Being or becoming an entrepreneurial higher education institution is a response to these challenges. Ther...

Over the past three decades, the supply chain of leading industries has become increasingly manifold. Along with this complexity, there has been a significant increase in related research. The existence of a formal ontology is one of the necessities of development in an area of knowledge. This terminological structure in the ideal situation sho...

Background: Need and demand modeling is one of the conceptual approaches of health workforce planning. In many models of this field, “need” is not considered. Each country should model according to its context. Objectives: The present study aimed to design a need adjusted with demand model of the health workforce in the fields of specialties and su...

Background Hospitals are the biggest users of the health system budgets. Policymakers are interested in improving hospital efficiency while maintaining their performance during the economic crisis. This study aims at analysing the hospitals’ policy solutions during the economic crisis using the resilience system capacities framework. Method This s...

Introduction: Quality improvement and performance evaluation have become today’s mainstream medical issues, whereas in many areas of medical care, the quality of care services is less than desirable. Objective: To determine a conceptual model for practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) competency in medicine. Methods: This study was con...

Introduction: Numerous factors and elements are effective in the professional development of any field of study, including the educational structure, the individual characteristics of learners, and the educational atmosphere prevalent in the educational environment. Understanding each of these factors and elements and the relationships among them...

Introduction: Quality improvement and performance evaluation have become today's mainstream medical issues, whereas in many areas of medical care, the quality of care services is less than desirable. Objective: To determine a conceptual model for practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) competency in medicine. Methods: This study was con...

Objectives: Considering the important role of medical education teachers to prepare teachers and students in the future, the need to determine the concept of professional teacher and teacher and the characteristics of teacher professionalism, we have explained the concept of professionalism in teachers in this study. Methods: The concept analysis m...

Background: The value framework governing the health system can guide the policymaking. This study presents a set of values governing the health policies for adopting policies that are in harmony with the ideology of Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, using the qualitative approach, Shams et al. framework...

The most common technique of orthopedic surgical procedure for the correction of deformities is bone lengthening by “distraction osteogenesis,” which requires periodic and ongoing bone assessment following surgery. Bone impedance is a noninvasive, quantitative method of assessing bone fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to monitor bone...

Background: One of the critical needs of governmental agencies and educational institutions is meeting community needs. Organizations and governmental systems that rely on social capital are considered inefficient and vulnerable if they are unable to meet the needs of society. Thus, accountability is a critical pillar of government management that...

Introduction The variety of frameworks and models to describe resilience in the health system has led researchers and policymakers to confusion and the inability to its operationalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a meta-framework using the Critical Interpretive Synthesis method. Method For this purpose, studies that prov...

Introduction The variety of frameworks and models to describe resilience in the health system has led researchers and policymakers to confusion and the inability to its operationalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a meta-framework using the Critical Interpretive Synthesis method. Method For this purpose, studies that prov...

BACKGROUND: Over the last few centuries, the overspecialization of various sciences under the pretext of benefiting from pure disciplinary knowledge led to alienation among and competition between different fields of science. Such competition has deviated knowledge from its main objective which is to understand and explain the phenomena. The remedy...

Critical thinking (CT) has been recognized as an important student learning outcome in medical education. Given multiple conceptualizations of CT in the literature, this study aimed to clarify the theoretical foundations of this multiplicity. Also, the incorporation of the multiple conceptions in the CT process was investigated. In this way, we con...

Background: Close contact tracing is an essential measure that countries are applying to combat the epidemic of COVID-19. The purpose of contact tracing is to rapidly identify potentially infected individuals and prevent further spread of the disease. In this study, based on the factors affecting the COVID-19 transmission, a scoring protocol is pro...

Introduction: The realization of professionalism and its desirable consequences, as the most important goal of medical education, primarily depends on identifying the process and mechanism of the professional identity formation, which in turn requires the accurate identification of components and structure of the concept of professional identity....

Introduction and purpose: The scientific and technological Hegemony of Iran in the next fifty years is not a thematic plan with daydreaming and dreaming, but the depiction of a reality based on a vision document and with a firm determination of the people and officials of the country in the not-too-distant future for this border And the canvas will...

Background:In this era, investing in human resources,especially the talented,is specifically important because they have high potential, creativity and initiative to advance science.so the present study was conducted to investigate the situation of the talented students at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Methods:The present study is...

Background: Proper transfer of professional values is an essential part of medical education. Real-life experiences in the educational process are one of the most effective methods for achieving values and assisting the student in developing his/her value framework. This study aimed to develop and characterize the concept of value-rich exposures i...

Values predispose people to make the right and especially ethical decisions, and are important for good performance in medical sciences. Students’ lived experiences and the value-rich exposures during their education are some effective means of achieving professional values that help them build their own value frameworks. In this phenomenology of p...

Background: In 1985, the Iranian parliament approved the integration of Medical Education and Health Services and the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, which has since been the policymaker of Health Higher Education in Iran. The policies are not based on a codified framework and many were abolished at some point. Some...

Background: Despite the development of valuable teaching methods and assessment tools in the field of surgery education, yet unpreparedness for independence practice by surgical residents remains a problem in most of the countries. Aims: This study aims to explain the surgical residents' experience of the teaching and learning process in the ope...

Context: Due to the increasing research information, knowledge production, development of information technology, and its impact on access to knowledge, the taxonomy of knowledge and information is necessary to manage and use them in the development of science. Evidence Acquisition: The purpose of this study was to provide a complete model that cou...

Background Extensive factors affect students' learning such as their learning style, the identification of which is considered as important in solving the problems and shortcomings of educational system in the current situation. The present study aimed to determine the learning style of first-year medical students in the Shahid Beheshti University...

Background: Undoubtedly, economic and social value added depends on the functions of universities. Moving toward third-generation universities (3rd GU) is an inevitable process. These universities need different functions than traditional ones; therefore, identifying and determining their functions is essential. The purpose of this study is to coll...

Medicine is dependent to definition of human being in all existential dimensions, and this study attempts to synthesize a philosophy of medicine based on transcendental wisdom that was instituted by Mulla Sadra (979–1045 AH /1571–1635 AD). Using implication eliciting methodology, in the paradigm of consensual qualitative research, ten main principl...

Purpose Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) count for over 80% of premature death worldwide. More than 76% of the total burden of diseases in Iran is devoted to NCDs. In line with the World Health Organization action plan, Iran has developed its national action plan that led to establishment of the National Committee for Prevention and Control of NCDs...

Background: Values are at the heart of discussions related to policy-making and any kind of reforms in health systems. Despite wide recognition of its importance, the concept of value is still vague and the policy-making processes remain astray with respect to values. This study aims to provide a model of value-based policy-making and to explain t...

Introduction: Training in operating rooms is challenging. Specifically, surgical residents often experience a stressful environment in training arenas that, in turn, might affect their ability in the acquisition of the required qualifications. This study aims at the qualitative explanation of how the surgical residents acquire the surgical skills...

Background and Objectives: Managers need the results of scientific researches for executive planning. Considering some methodological errors in reported studies in Iran and the lack of specific and summarized references, this article aims to provide practical considerations in elderly studies. Methods: In this narrative review, we conducted a compr...

Background: Today, the development of critical thinking is considered an expected outcome of graduate studies. This study was designed to determine the critical thinking skills of students of Shahid Beheshti and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: In a descriptive study, evaluated critical thinking skills of 60 medical st...

Objective Migration of healthcare workers could result in shortage of human resources and rising inequalities in service provision in resource poor countries. The aim of this review was to determine the factors influencing the migration decisions of medical and dental graduates migrating from low- and middle-income countries as well as introducing...

Exposing medical students to real-world situations and clinical practice experiences during their education years can help them build their professional value frameworks. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most challenging conditions that medical students have experienced; however, this pandemic have provided value-rich opportunities assisting in...

: Rapid technological changes, reduced job security, the need for developing professional skills, and the urgent need for capable and adaptable physicians are the important issues that medical, educational systems must pay more attention to. Based on existing evidence, outcome-based education is the best approach for facing this situation, and comp...

Context: The operating room is a unique environment in which learning happens through interactions with others and facing complex situations. The results of studies show that non-technical skills play a key role in successful technical performance in critical situations. Therefore, the identification and assessment of them are very valuable. This r...

Background: Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other, as well a...

Introduction: The differentiation as a process occurs when new functions emerge in a system, and for this reason the university system is bound to diversify. With the advancement of knowledge and increase in competition, it has become a challenging issue and an inevitable necessity. This study aimed at identifying the dimensions of the differentia...

Background: Higher education institutions include experts who are knowledgeable. Knowledge management facilitates institutions to enhance the capacity to collect information and knowledge and apply it to problem-solving and decision making. Through the review of related studies, we observed that there are multiple concepts and terms in the field of...

Background: One of the efforts that solve complex real-world problems is to use an interdisciplinary approach. However, the contradictions among different disciplines and the absence of a theoretical model add to the difficulty of interdisciplinary activities. When interdisciplinary researchers face a complex problem, they need to integrate several...

Background: The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused a pandemic in most countries, and how to face the pandemic is a major issue that needs to be addressed worldwide. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the competitive advantage and scientific strength of medical sciences universities to face this pandemic Methods: A...

Introduction The use of telemedicine in orthopaedics can provide high-quality orthopaedic services to patients in remote areas. Tele-orthopaedics is widely acknowledged for decreasing travel, time and cost, increasing accessibility and quality of care. In the absence of a comprehensive review on tele-orthopaedics applications and services, here, we...

The hidden curriculum is considered to be between the designed and experienced curricula. One of the challenges that medical educators face is to understand what students learn in real clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to answer this question: What is hidden in hidden medical curriculum? This study was a qualitative content analys...

The purpose of scientific research is to identify and investigate phenomena. Sometimes the boundaries of phenomena are not clearly identified. And as a result, the development of theory is defaced. Concepts describe the features, attributes, or characteristics of the phenomenon in the real or phenomenological world that they are meant to represent...

Background Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world leading to a pandemic with more than 3,000,000 infected people and more than 200,000 death. Several case definitions have been released and revised by countries and organizations. However, collectivization of case definitions has not been fu...

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a vital aspect of physician competence. It has been the subject of academic research for decades, and various models of clinical reasoning have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical model of clinical reasoning. Methods: To conduct our study, we applied the process of theory synt...

Background Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other, as well as...

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a vital aspect of physician competence. It has been the subject of academic research for decades, and various models of clinical reasoning have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical model of clinical reasoning. Methods: To conduct our study, we applied the process of theory s...

The article's abstract is no available.

Introduction Given the social, economic, environmental and internal developments of universities, the necessity for medical universities to move to being third-generation universities has been demonstrated. These universities, along with the requirements of entrepreneurship and commercialization of research, are in need of structural requirements....

Professional socialization is defined as a process through which a person becomes a legitimate member of a professional society. This will have a great impact on an individual’s professional conduct and morality. The aim of this study was to clarify this concept and reduce the ambiguities around it. This was a qualitative research through which th...

Objective The socioeconomic status (SES) is as a symbol of social determinants of health which has a dominant influence on population health. The purpose of this study was collecting, weighing, and determining the most relevant SES measurement items in Iran. Results The SES health studies conducted in Iran was searched from 2007 to 2017. First, th...

Background Migration of skilled health workers could result in shortage of human resources and rising inequalities in service provision in source countries. To date, most of relevant papers are focused on rate and reasons of migration while the need for conducting studies on modelling of factors is more vividly felt. The aim of this review was to d...

Objective : Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other , as well...

Clinical reasoning is a complex cognitive process that is essential to evaluate and manage a patient’s medical problem. The aim of this paper was to provide a critical review of the research literature on clinical reasoning theories and models. To conduct our study, we applied the process of conducting a literature review in four stages in accordan...

BACKGROUND According to World Health Organization (WHO) emphasis, medical universities should adapt education, research, and service activities to prioritise health needs and challenges of society. To meet education, research, and service responsibilities to society, medical universities should subject themselves to measurement and assessment. Desi...

Introduction: Hidden curriculum plays a main role in professional learning, formation of professional identity, socialization, moral development and learning values, attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge in learners, so it needs to be managed. Although the majority of the theorists believe in the existence of a hidden curriculum and its greater effect...

Background: Achieving and improving professional confidence (PC) is an ongoing process from the studentship period to independent professional career. This study aimed to assess PC and compare it between nursing students (NS) and clinical nurses (CN). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical sciences universit...

RESUMEN: Los recursos humanos competentes son uno de los temas importantes en el mundo professional y dado a que la profesión médica es efectiva en la salud del individuo y la comunidad, su fuerza laboral y sus capacidades han sido ampliamente discutidas. En esta investigación, con énfasis en el papel y la importancia del sistema de educación médic...

Background: The development of professionalism is one of the fundamental goals of educational systems, especially in medical sciences. Medical students, in addition to acquiring clinical knowledge and skills, should somehow benefit from moral values and professionalism in order to practice in a professional manner. The development of professional e...

Background In the current study, we aimed to explain the concept of stewardship by employing a critical review perspective and, finally, to develop a model. Methods Critical review method and Carnwell and Daly approach and using particular keywords related to stewardship, and searching databases were used. In the initial search, until 2018, 1050 s...

Background: The quality of educational services is one of the major concerns of higher education officials. Evaluating the quality of educational services is expected to be based on scientific models. Currently, definition of this area and conceptualization of educational services quality suffers from theoretical and methodological ambiguities and...

Background: The quality of educational services is one of the major concerns of higher education officials. Evaluating the quality of educational services is expected to be based on scientific models. Currently, definition of this area and conceptualization of educational services quality suffers from theoretical and methodological ambiguities and...

With the knowledge we have today about the concept of health and its complexities and determinants, the separation between medical and dental education (DE) does not seem reasonable anymore. Dentistry has mainly developed based on a mechanical approach to treat the related problems. This makes the efforts for reorientation of dental care (DC) towar...

Background Competency based curriculum is the cutting edge of the medical education. Despite the importance of this curriculum and the central role of competency in it, there is no clear distinction between the types of competency in the literature. This study attempts to express the distinction between them. Research question What is the distincti...

Introduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is too complex