Shabbir Ahmad

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Assistant) at University of Sahiwal

This article explores hermeneutic code in Oscar Wilde's narrative poem The Doer of Good. It was Roland Barthes who introduced the idea that any literary narrative is governed by the main five codes. It has been highlighted that although Barthes later in his career turned towards post-structuralism yet there had been a time when still being a struct...

The present research examines Pakistani advertisements from a distinct feature of Pakistani culture that continues to value and uphold familial bonds despite destabilizing notions of family love and bonding in the contemporary world. To illustrate this, the researcher examines advertisements from Pakistani media: Milk Pak, Coca-Cola, Tapal Danedar,...

This research is based on the critical discourse analysis of memes in Pakistani social media to reveal the hidden meanings and messages behind them. It analyzes how memes can be used as a form of social and political commentary and how they reflect society. Memes are an interesting phenomenon in the modern digital world. A meme is a simple way to c...

This study aimed to discuss a better understanding of existing levels of Islamic environmental behavior in the perspective of eco-feminist environmental activism in Pakistan with the analysis of existing literature, media reports, NGOs' environmental movements, and the environmental activists' campaigns. Women, in the world generally and Pakistan p...

The 20th century African Americans, especially the black females, who had neglectful parents, aftereffects of past slavery, were unable to show any kind of belonging to the contemporary American society. They found their souls and minds fettered in the dark dungeon of alienation which means a sense of detachment from the people around as well as fr...

This study explores how the women in Liane Moriarty's novel Big Little Lies challenge the famous stereotypes created by patriarchal gender discourse about female gender using Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) as a theoretical guide. They are shown as successful breadwinners as well as responsible mothers and wives. The women characters fa...

Eudora Welty, an American fiction writer, brings forth women's issues and promotes feminist ethics in her writings: novels and short stories. Her stories reveal her concern with the extended subordination of women under machismo in Southern America. More significantly, her work highlights the growth of women's liberal thinking during the developmen...

Students at universities in multilingual settings sometimes struggle with code-mixing, which is blending two or more languages in a single discussion or speech. This study discusses the code-mixing issues university students encounter while analyzing how they affect linguistic ability, communication effectiveness, and academic performance. The stud...

This study examines Marxist criticism to identify conflicts between members of different socioeconomic strata to identify social and political issues. "Waiting for Godot" (1952) exposes human suffering, the repressive consequences of contemporary capitalism, and the exploitation of people; moreover, it lays an ideological foundation by creating a r...

This study explores the journey of women from resilience to resistance in combating hard times in Toni Morrison's Paradise and Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns through the theory of resilience by Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009), and theory of resistance via counter theory by Solorzano and Yosso (2002). The common troublesome experience of th...

Presently, the Critical Discourse Analysis has developed differently and entered into a new phase. We find not only articles on Critical Discourse Analysis in academic journals but many speeches on online sources too. We see discursive videos and speeches on YouTube, TV and other digital platforms. One of the speeches that we come across is a motiv...

This study explores the resilience of women, their alienation (spiritual or physical detachment from others), and the use of female bonding as a tool of resilience in Toni Morrison's Paradise and Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns. The theoretical framework includes the Alienation Theory by Charles Reitz (2000), the Resilience Theory by Lut...

Ethnicity can be considered as the subdivision of Racism by which some people consider themselves as superior and others as inferior. Ethnicity is the social grouping of people who have some common attributes based on geography but they may vary on the basis of culture, language and customs. Ethnicity is a worldwide issue which has a long history a...

Patron in Chief Dr. Muntazar Mehdi Assistant Professor National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad Editor in Chief Dr. Muhammad Issa Assistant Professor University of Baltistan, Skardu Editors Irshad Hussain Lecturer University of Baltistan, Skardu Muhammad Mustafa Lecturer University of Baltistan, Skardu Altaf Hussain Lectur...

Human fragmentation has been remained a dominant theme in both literary and academic worlds. Different theories and notions have been presented to highlight its characteristics and cure. Lessing throughout her literary career also explored this theme in her writings. This paper argues that Lessing at the end of her career started to move towards Su...

In fact, many of relations and bonds of black people in Morrison suffer from alienation (spiritual or physical detachment from each other) and it is argued here that these relations suffer from alienation in the long run because of capitalistic urban environment. It is found that women suffer more from this alienation in Morrison and they have to s...

This study delves into Virginia Woolf's portrayal of the outside world for an understanding of the political and social realities of her time through the presentation of drawing room setting and drawing room party in her second novel Night and Day (1919). It is being argued that Woolf's presentation of a particular space setting (drawing room) func...

This trauma study analyses McEwan's novel The Child in Time (1987), narrated with third-person perspective, where the protagonist is the victim of a traumatic experience. His trauma affected consciousness is brought forward through stylistic devices as free indirect speech, anacoluthon and variations in syntax. The versatility of indirect speech un...

A large body of American literature deals with the subject of immigration from other parts of world to America and clashes within varied cultures in America. The latest murder of Gorge Floyd, a black American, very inhumanly by white Police Officers has once again brought into focus the issue violence with the idea: the other is not acceptable. Thi...

Susan Sontag writes in "Illness is the night-side of life, a more onerous citizenship. Everyone who is born holds dual citizenship, in the kingdom of the well and in the kingdom of the sick. The present study is about combating illness that is not ordinary but huge one as cancer or Alzheimer's and the emotional need of care by the dear and near one...

This article discusses the theme of female friendship as a possible way out of alienation (spiritual or physical detachment in a relation) in gender relations, and then goes on to argue that this female friendship itself suffers from alienation in the long run. While foregrounding the healing power of female bonding which may allow women to survive...

This article aims at investigating the relevance of a gender perspective in societies where women are mainly responsible for the household and childcare. For this purpose, the activities of two environmental and women’s empowerment–related nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) from Pakistan, Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) and Aura...

This paper analyses the theme of mutual female bonding of black women in Toni Morrison's novel Love (2003). Sisterhood might be a weapon against alienation experienced by black women created by various factors as racial, gender and class injustices. However, this female friendship of black women in Morrison suffers a serious setback and changes int...

The present study aims at observing the peculiarities of the concept of alienation and disorientation in Katherine Mansfield's short story 'Miss Brill'and Peter Carey's short story 'Life and Death in the South Side Pavilion' through the Lenz of Maslow's theory of Hierarchy of Needs. This theory focuses on the basic needs of a person including physi...

The realistic rendering of Self-Conscious Thought in A. S. Byatt’s Possession is an evidence of Byatt’s success in making abstract ideas concrete. Possession, as an encyclopedia of theories and thoughts, Victorian or modern, is a novel in which ideas are less obtrusive and the author’s presence is intrusive. The twentieth-century part of the novel...

This study probes into the intersection of Virginia Woolf's portrayal of the external world and her modernist experimentation with narrative for an analysis of the political and social implications of the party scenes in her novel The Voyage Out. It is argued that Woolf's organization of parties in particular space settings works as a contributory...

This study examines how the novels Miss Janie’s Girls and Sula discussed the family life, illness, fight against pandemics, and need for care during a time of combatting the disease. This study has more importance in the context of the pandemic Covid-19 situation that laid stress on social distancing while the immediate demand of the patient is tak...

This paper discusses the theme of alienation and female friendship in black women in Toni Morrison’s fiction. The female bonding is a possible way to deal with alienation which is caused by various factors as racial and social discriminations. This female bonding provides back women necessary support for mutual growth and assists them in combating...

This study aims to investigate the protagonist: Saleem"s journey for searching the self and the endurance he has faced to discover the reality. The objective of this study is to get the spiritual way to accomplish personality. A scrutiny of the text demonstrates that Saleem bears the characteristics like Buddha (Four Noble Truths) sketched out by G...

Reading comprehension tests are intended to measure students’ understanding and reading ability in academic as well as non-academic texts. In other words, the test of reading comprehension is designed to know how well a learner comprehends what he reads. The purpose of this study is to find out the answers of the questions regarding the issues of t...

A Good Journal for new Publications https://irlsjournal.com/ojs/index.php/irls/issue/view/1

This paper critically analyzes Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings to show how females writers conceptualize their voices through their autobiographies. The conceptual framework for the study would be feminism theory in general and Nancy Hartsock's feminist standpoint theory in particular. Its socially constructed phenomenon, that who ha...

This research opens up cross-cultural politeness perspective of the Bapsi Sidhwa's novel "An American Brat". Moreover, it endeavors to explore most preferred polite linguistic strategies utilized by American speakers while interaction with the people of third world countries. Brown & Levinson's theoretical framework of politeness will be employed a...

McEwan's narrative strategy associates with his attempt at a psychic exploration of characters in Child in Time (1987). In terms of the trauma representation under the third-person perspective, McEwan is in favor of the objective panoramic angle to reveal the trauma origin, traumatic moment, and the characters' post-traumatic life. The omniscient n...

While Pakistani women's socioeconomic status and formal political rights have witnessed a marked improvement in the last two decades, however, females remain underrepresented in the political institutions of the country at local levels of governance particularly. Although political activism and interest in Pakistani females' political participation...

This research paper discusses the priorities of language choices of Pakistani youth at the domestic level and tries to find out the effect of gender, age, language ethnicities, and education level on language choices of Pakistani youth. The quantitative method was used for this purpose and data was collected through a questionnaire. Data was analyz...

This article is a review of a very useful Book on Digital Literature in Middle East and its impact on politics.

The present article aims to discuss the role of media and establishment in the formation and propagation of one of the most crucial and controversial alliances in the electoral history of Pakistan; Islami Jamhoori Ittihad (IJI). This study, through media reports, books, judicial verdicts, and academic articles highlight two basic myths associated w...

This article aims to discuss Rudyard Kipling’s short story ‘On the City Wall’ (1888) from the trans-cultural perspective by analyzing the tropes of wall and sexuality. Kipling’s attachment to Indian culture and love for it is reflected in his fiction when he gives a detailed description of exotic locations and ethnographic peculiarities. The image...

This paper undertakes the precarious analysis of meaning theories of languages put forwarded by linguists in various philosophical arguments and their implications in numerous aspects. The study followed a qualitative strategy to examine the syntactic properties of language and paradoxes of meaning-making, the role of artificial intelligence in mea...

Cormac McCarthy’s fiction shows that the US and Others are not sealed off hermetically from each other but have a variety of complex relations with each other. Utilizing multiple perspectives, McCarthy examines alternatives to the “racist, nationalist, or ethnically absolutist discourses” that insist upon divisions, lines of demarcation, and opposi...

The present paper is an attempt to find out the voices of the downtrodden in Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns and how he portrays female characters realistically as oppressed, marginalized exploited, alienated and crushed under patriarchal structures. It is a qualitative study based on the close-reading of the primary text along with feminist th...

Este estudio, a través de un método descriptivo cualitativo, examina la naturaleza de los marcos socioculturales, las reglas formales e informales de selección de candidatos, estructuras de poder y sistemas de cuotas en los partidos políticos en Pakistán. Además, este artículo destaca el proceso de democracia, las prácticas institucionales y de rec...

Pakistan is a multilingual country, and the national language is Urdu while officially focused language is English. In Pakistan, Govt. is trying to implement English as a medium of instruction from class one to graduation. For this purpose, several policies were formulated from first language policy in 1958 to date. The basic motive behind such pol...

The aim of this study is to find out the influence of the use of second language by the teacher on the students. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and is used as a medium of instruction in majority of the schools in Pakistan. But in some schools, some of the teachers don"t use Urdu language as a medium of instruction due to their own lack o...

The nature of US involvement in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan can be understood in light of Green's The Quiet American, Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea and Melville's Moby Dick. American establishment, like the old colonial powers, is reluctant to admit defeat in the wars with different names as civilization, democracy and freedom. Its dream of...