Seunghwan Lee

• PhD
• Professor at Seoul National University

Saliva, known for better patient compliance and simpler collection, is ideal for monitoring antiseizure medication (ASM) levels. This study aimed to validate saliva for measuring lacosamide, develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model, and determine the optimal saliva concentration for seizure control in epilepsy patients. In our prospective study at Seou...

Hoplomegistidae are large trigynaspid mites found as adults on passalid beetles in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central and South America. The family comprises ten species, of which only two species occur in Southeast Asia, both described recently from the Southern part of China. Here, we describe a new species, Stenosternum leptaulax n. sp., found...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder often associated with obesity and elevated cardiovascular risks. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become integral to T2DM management due to their clinical benefits of glucose regulation and weight loss. However, their subcutaneous administration presents chall...

Despite interest in clinical trials with decentralized elements (DCTs), analysis of their trends in trial registries is lacking due to heterogeneous designs and unstandardized terms. We explored Llama 3, an open‐source large language model, to efficiently evaluate these trends. Trial data were sourced from Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov,...

Calonecrinae represent a unique but small subfamily of Nitidulidae that is endemic to South Asia. Their habitats, the South Asian lowland forests, are under the imminent threat of degradation, posing a risk of rapid extinction for these species in their specific locales. Despite the looming threat to their existence, our understanding of this enigm...

This paper reports on six species of the genus Cosmolaelaps (Laelapidae) in the Republic of Korea: Cosmolaelaps brevipedestra (Karg) and C. robustochaetes Ma & Lin collected from soil-litter, and Cosmolaelaps cavosternalis sp. nov., C. hallasanensis sp. nov., C. oedipus sp. nov., C. sansungensis sp. nov. collected in association with ants or their...

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a polyphagous woodboring beetle that infests and damages hardwood host trees in Asia, Europe, and North America. Native to China and the Korean peninsula, ALB is invasive in both North America and Europe. Due to the large environmental and economic impacts associated with...

OBJECTIVES: Proguanil, an antimalarial drug, is metabolized into cycloguanil by the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19). Interestingly, hepatic uptake via the organic transporter 1 (OCT1), encoded by the polymorphic gene SLC22A1, has been reported to affect the biotransformation of proguanil. Building on this, we developed a semi-physiologic population...

Symbiotic microorganisms play a critical role in supplementing beneficial nutrients to herbivorous insects feeding on unbalanced diets. These microbial symbionts can both facilitate or constrain plant-feeding insects' adaptations to certain host plants, depending on their gene content and metabolic potential. The diet breadth of herbivorous insects...

Uremia, a condition characterized by the retention of uremic toxins due to impaired renal function, may affect drug metabolism mediated by CYP3A4 enzymes. Evogliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor diabetic drug that is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. This study aimed to construct a population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic...

A new species of the genus Notodoma Lacordaire, 1854 (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini), Notodoma koreanum sp. nov., is described from Korea. Most of them recognized from various fungi colonies, feeding on small insect eggs or larvae, as well as fungi. We present the descriptions and images of diagnostic characters for Korean Notodoma species, i...

Interethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs result from a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and demographic factors. Identifying ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics is challenging due to the multifaceted contributions of the underlying factors. To address these challenges, this paper reviews 9 pharmacokinetic studies meet...

The genus Laelius Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) is a cosmopolitan bethylid genus with 68 valid species distributed across most zoogeographic regions worldwide. This taxonomic study on Korean species of Laelius has led to the description of four new species, namely L. aforessp. nov., L. atratussp. nov., L. sulcatussp. nov., and L. tricuspi...

Zastaprazan (JP‐1366) is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker for the treatment of acid‐related disorders. We aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of zastaprazan, thereby characterizing the PK of zastaprazan in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as evaluating the impact of various covariates, in...

Trictenotomidae, one of the most charismatic and enigmatic groups of beetles, known for their large size and distinctive mandibles, is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. New species are continually being discovered, and the known range of the group has been expanded considerably by the discovery of Autocrates maqueti Drumo...

Varroa mites, notorious for parasitizing honeybees, are generally classified as Varroidae. Their extremely modified morphologies and behaviors have led to debates regarding their phylogenetic position and classification as an independent family. In this study, two different datasets were employed to reconstruct the phylogenies of Varroa mites and r...

Fexuprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, is expected to be used for the prevention of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced ulcer. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between fexuprazan and NSAIDs in healthy subjects. A randomized, open‐label, multicenter, six‐sequence, one‐way crossover stu...

This study focused on a kleptoparasitic bee, Melecta chinensis , which is not well‐known in the Republic of Korea. We provided a detailed morphological illustration of the adult bees and their nesting biological characteristics with distributional data. Additionally, the complete mitochondrial genome of the species is presented for the first time,...

The family Throscidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) is taxonomically reviewed from Korea. To date, the taxonomic study on Throscidae from Korea is insufficient, as only a single species has been reported in the fauna prior to this study. We newly recognized three species belonging to the genus Aulonothroscus, which is recorded for the first time from K...

The genus Plutarchia is discovered in the Palearctic region for the first time. In this study, we report a newly described and newly recorded species from South Korea: P. fuscipennata sp. nov. , and P. malabarica Narendran & Padmasenan, 1990, respectively. The host association of Plutarchia malabarica reared from leaf-miner flies (Diptera: Agromyzi...

This study aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers and investigate changes in intestinal microbiota in the feces of healthy participants following administration of Lactococcus lactis GEN-001. GEN-001 is a single-strain L. lactis strain isolated from the gut of a healthy human volunteer. The study was conducted as a parallel, randomized, phase 1, op...

In this study, two mesostigmatic mites, Holostaspella crenulata Krantz, 1967 (Machrochelidae) and Lasioseius floridensis Berlese, 1916 (Blattisociidae) are recognized in Korea for the first time. The diagnoses, distributional data, drawing plates, and microscopic photographs are provided for each species.

The microstructure of immature insect forms plays a crucial role in systematics, especially in inferring phylogenetic relationships and designating the morphological basis for taxonomic units. However, the microstructure of longhorn beetle larvae and pupae is poorly understood, owing to difficulties in obtaining them and technical limitations. Amon...

Aims CG‐750 is an oral formulation of ivaltinostat, a newly developing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of an oral formulation (CG‐750) of ivaltinostat compared to an intravenous (IV) formulation (CG‐745). Methods A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐contr...

Simple Summary Funnel light traps (FLTs) are effective in collecting insects as they are smaller, lighter, and easier to install than conventional light traps, and can be used in more remote areas; however, they can still be cost-prohibitive and logistically challenging, particularly in developing countries where much biodiversity remains to be dis...

Velufenacin (DA‐8010) is a new muscarinic receptor antagonist under development for the treatment of overactive bladder. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of velufenacin in healthy subjects. A randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 4‐sequence, 4‐treatment, 4‐period crossover study was conducted. S...

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a destructive invasive woodboring insect pest, and efforts are being made to find parasitoids for ALB biological control. Through a four-year survey in Korea using a sentinel log trap associated with host chemical cues potentially important for...

Objective Despite the suggested topiramate serum level of 5–20 mg/L, numerous institutions have observed substantial drug response at lower levels. We aim to investigate the correlation between topiramate serum levels, drug responsiveness, and adverse events to establish a more accurate and tailored therapeutic range. Methods We retrospectively an...

Genus Nomada , which includes approximately 800 species, is the largest genus in the subfamily Nomadinae and the sole genus in the tribe Nomadini. Its taxonomic classification is particularly challenging due to high morphological variations, making it one of the most controversial groups in the subfamily. In order to shed light on the complex class...

The adult female and first-instar nymph of a new species of Discochiton Hodgson & Williams, 2018, Discochiton bambusae Choi & Lee sp. n. are described and illustrated. They were collected on the culms of Bambusa tulda (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in Myanmar. The adult female has several unique morphological features, such as a large body, up to 15 mm lo...

Sampling is one of the most important and fundamental processes in field biology. Among many sampling methods in entomology, window traps have long been considered one of the most effective and standardized methods. Unfortunately, the DNA quality of samples collected by window traps is typically low due to incursion by water, mainly via rainfall. W...

Six new leptonetid species belonging to Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970 are described from South Korea: F. alboclavata sp. nov., F. decemspina sp. nov., F. innuta sp. nov., F. jindoensis sp. nov., F. stilla sp. nov., and F. triformis sp. nov. All newly described species were sampled from epigean habitats (e.g. leaf litter or under the stone). Based on...

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) leverage digital technologies to reduce dependency on study sites and intermediaries. DCT should be balanced with accessibility and data reliability while meeting regulatory requirements. Here, we conducted a pilot study for functional constipation symptoms to investigate the feasibility of DCT. The study was an...

A new mite species, Gaeolaelaps leptaulax n. sp., collected on an endemic bess beetle, Leptaulax koreanus Nomura, Kon, Johki and Lee (Coleoptera: Passalidae), from Republic of Korea is described and illustrated based on morphological characters of female, male and protonymph specimens. In addition, an identification key to all known Korean species...

Anastatus orientalis , native to northern China, is an egg parasitoid wasp of the spotted lanternfly ( Lycorma delicatula ) and is being tested as a potential biological control agent for invasive L. delicatula in the United States. As a component of these evaluations, live A. orientalis collected from Beijing and Yantai in China were reared in con...

Background The genus Tuponia Reuter, 1875 belongs to the subfamily Phylinae and comprises 91 species worldwide. Before this study, only T. koreana Kim & Jung had been recorded from the Korean Peninsula. New information Two species of Tuponia Reuter, 1910 are recognised from the Korean Peninsula including the first record of T. mongolica Drapolyuk,...

In this study, we report the first record of the family Telemidae Fage, 1913 from Korea, with the description of a new species of the genus Telema Simon, 1882: Telema coreana sp. nov. The individuals of the new species were found in a Baeti-shale cave (Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea). Also, we provide microscopic photographs of the new speci...

The genus Anoplophora (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is among the most well-known insect genera in invasive entomology and is represented by 2 noted invasive alien species: the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky, 1854)) and the Citrus longhorned beetle (Anoplophora chinensis (Forster, 1771)). In this study, a new non-native...

Background Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is widely used to treat acid-related disorders, but it has short plasma half-life which can cause insufficient gastric acid suppression, such as nocturnal acid breakthrough. A new dual delayed-release (DR) formulation of esomeprazole (Esomezol DR), was developed to extend the duration of gastr...

Heteroptera is one of the most successfully adapted groups on Earth and can be observed in almost every environment. Within the evolution of heteropteran insects, Miridae show remarkable diversity (>11,700 spp.), accounting for a quarter of all Heteroptera. However, their phylogeny is still unclear, and no plausible theory for the driving force of...

Abnormal gastric acidity, including achlorhydria, can act as a significant source of variability in orally administered drugs especially with pH-sensitive solubility profiles, such as weak bases, potentially resulting in an undesirable therapeutic response. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) mod...

A novel dual delayed‐release formulation (DR) of esomeprazole was developed to prolong the effect of esomeprazole inhibiting gastric acid secretion. This study investigated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DR esomeprazole. A randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study was con...

A new species of the genus Enoploderes Faldermann from South Korea, Enoploderes breviantennatus (이른봄꽃하늘소, i-reun-bom-kkot-ha-neul-so) is described. Full descriptions of both sexes with male genitalia and diagnosable characters comparing to its closest congener, Enoploderes bicolor Ohbayashi, 1941 are provided. Biological notes including photograph...

In this study, three new species (Nomada adustaspinae, sp. n., Nomada atra, sp. n., Nomada biaulacis, sp. n.) and two species new to South Korea (Nomada aswensis Tsuneki, 1973, Nomada fusca Schwarz, 1986) are reported. The adult external morphology and male genitalia are illustrated with a key to 29 species of Nomada ruficornis species-group in Sou...

Three species of genus Aradus Fabricius (A. betulae (Linnaeus), A. betulinus Fallén, A. gretae Kiritshenko) are newly recognized from the Korean Peninsula. Photographs of habitus and diagnosis are presented for the newly recorded species. The male of Aradus gretae Kiritshenko is described for the first time. A checklist and key to species of the ge...

Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842, is a major forest pest that hosts the pathogenic pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle 1970. Taxonomically, M. alternatus is currently divided into two subspecies, based on morphology and geography: Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope, 1842 in China, Taiwan, Tibet,...

Leptonetidae are tiny, rarely encountered spiders that mainly inhabit moist environments, such as caves, leaf litter, and rock piles. Because they are microhabitat specialists, most leptonetid species have short-range endemism, and rarely occur in sympatry. Their small size, relatively simple habitus features and reproductive organ structure increa...

A new aphid species, Stomaphis (Stomaphis) blackmani sp. nov., is described on the basis of specimens collected on the chestnut tree, Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. (Fagaceae) from Korea. The apterous and alate viviparous female of the new species are described with biometric measurements and illustrations. Being the first report of Stomaphis on...

In this study, we corrected the misidentified insect pests on yam (Discorea polystachya), based on morphological characters and molecular analysis, and also firstly recorded the species in Korea. The species is a yam borer, Digitivalva hemiglypha Diakonoff & Arita, 1976. To accurate pest identification in future utility, genetic divergence within t...

The stilt-legged fly (Diptera, Micropezidae) fauna of South Korea is reviewed, including a description of a new species, Rainieria tenebrosa Kim and Lee sp. nov., and 4 new distributional records (Micropezinae: Micropeza soosi Ozerov; Taeniapterinae: Rainieria triseta Li, Liu & Yang, Mimegralla suzukiana (Matsumura); Calobatinae: Compsobata dentige...

An updated check list of Psylloidea from the Korean Peninsula is provided with information on the distribution of each species within the Peninsula and host plants based on published records and our own extensive field surveys. Five species (Calophya phellodendri Loginova, Calophya rhopenjabensis Li, Cacopsylla initialis (Loginova), Cacopsylla sibi...

Harrison’s rule, that body size is positively correlated between parasites and hosts, has been reported in a range of taxa, but whether the rule is applicable to cleptoparasitic insects is poorly understood. Subfamily Nomadinae, the largest group of cleptoparasitic bees, usurp the nests of a variety of host bees. Within the subfamily, Nomada exploi...

We report from Laos for the first time two genera and three species of lace bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae). This brings the number of tingids reported from Laos to 25 genera and 32 species. The two genera are Eritingis Drake & Ruhoff, 1962 and Haedus Distant, 1904, and the three species are Eritingis recentis (Drake & Poor, 1937), Haedus v...

The recent advent of the dynamic consent concept intensified the data integrity issue in clinical trials. Incorporating blockchain technology into a dynamic consent platform can be a feasible solution. Due to various clinical trial settings, a demand-driven development strategy is required. We developed a blockchain-based dynamic consent platform n...

Despite the recent advancement of faunal research of longhorned beetles in South Korea, the number of tribes of Cerambycinae has remained at 16 during the last 40 years. In this paper, two cerambycine tribes, Stenopterini Gistel, 1848 and Thraniini Gahan, 1906, are reported for the first time in Korea by species Merionoeda (Macromolorchus) hirsuta...

The plant but genus Orthotylus Fieber, 1858 in Korea is reviewed. One species, O. riparius Kulik is newly recorded from the Korean peninsula. Diagnostic characters of each species are discussed, with the images of adult specimen and genitalic structures. Additionally, a key to the Korean Orthotylus species is presented. Chinese record of O. ripariu...

The genus Yponomeuta is widely known as a forestry insect pest group; however, it is extremely difficult to identify it at the species level because of its small size and morphological complexity. Thus far, only a few major species and host plants, as well as natural enemy information, are known through European research within the limited eastern...

Leptonetidae are tiny and rarely encountered spiders, mainly inhabiting moist environments such as caves, leaf litter, and rock piles. Because they are microhabitat specialists, most species are known to have short range endemism, rarely occurring in sympatry. Due to their small size, relatively simple features of habitus and structure of reproduct...

Harrison’s rule, that body size is positively correlated between parasites and hosts, has been reported in a range of taxa, but whether the rule is applicable to cleptoparasitic insects is poorly understood. Subfamily Nomadinae, the largest group of cleptoparasitic bees, usurp the nests of a variety of host bees. Within the subfamily, Nomada exploi...

Calaphidinae is the second-largest subfamily in the family Aphididae. Despite their species diversity and some taxonomic controversy, no phylogenetic studies have been conducted on them thus far. Herein, we report the first molecular phylogeny of Calaphidinae and two related lineages, Phyllaphidinae and Saltusaphidinae, based on five genes (3418 bp...

The furva species-group of Nomada from Korea is reviewed in the present study, with one newly recognized species, Nomada pulawskii Tsuneki. Detailed taxonomical description, and illustrations of adults and male genitalia are provided along with a key to species.

The lace bug genus Alloiothucha Drake, 1927 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) is recorded from Laos for the first time with the redescription of Alloiothucha artocarpi (Horváth, 1926), which has been originally described from Indonesia (Java Island) in Latin. This species was collected on jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) in Laos...

Aphids are one of the major pests which harm crops worldwide. Among them, in potatoes, they not only give damages to the plants by sucking but also mediates viruses. To control these aphids, it is important to identify early migrating aphids, but morphological identification of the winged aphids initially corrected in the potato field is so difficu...

Reducing the peripheral absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is a promising therapeutic approach in treating autoimmune diseases. LC51-0255 is a sphingosine-1phosphate 1 receptor modulator, which is known to decrease the peripheral ALC. We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability profiles of LC51-0255 af...

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae, Rhizoecidae and Xenococcidae) are important organisms for understanding processes of evolution, especially microbial symbiotic sys- tems and interactions with host plants. Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for 128 species of mealybug using DNA fragments of eight loci, namely a mitochondrial (COI),...

Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are often comorbid, requiring combination therapies of antihypertensive drugs and antihyperlipidemia drugs. Taking 1 fixed‐dose combination (FDC) may increase patient compliance rather than taking each of the drugs separately. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic bioequivalence between an FDC of pitavasta...

Five‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is mainly metabolized by the rate‐limiting enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). The DPD enzyme activity deficiency involves a wide range of severities. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of a DPYD single nucleotide polymorphism on 5‐FU efficacy and highlighted the importa...

Monitoring about nine high risk insect pests, Aceria diospyri, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera minax, Bactrocera tsuneonis, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana, Proeulia sp., Solenopsis invicta and Stephanitis takeyai, were carried out in seven regions from April to October in 2020. A total of 12,045 traps/visual scouting were investigated in 222 poin...

DWP16001 is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of DWP16001 after single and multiple doses in healthy subjects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-contr...

Cenobamate (XCOPRI and ONTOZRY) is a novel antiseizure medication for the treatment of focal‐onset seizures. Nonetheless, there is limited information on the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and efficacy of cenobamate in Asian people, including Japanese people. This study aimed to evaluate the PKs and safety of cenobamate after a single oral dose in...

Baloxavir marboxil, a novel influenza therapeutic agent, is a prodrug rapidly metabolized into its active form, baloxavir acid, which inhibits cap‐dependent endonuclease. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of baloxavir acid in healthy Korean subjects and compared them with published data in Japanese subjects. This open‐label...

The Pocadius-complex (Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) from Korea is reviewed. A total of nine species are recognized including four new records in Korea: Atarphia cincta Jelínek, Jia & Hájek, 2012, Atarphia fasciculata Reitter, 1884, Pocadites corpulentus Reitter, 1884, and Pocadites rufobasalis Reitter, 1884. Descriptions, photographs of external morpho...

Honey plants are considered a major role in the production of honey and pollen in thebeekeeping industry. In South Korea, most production of honey has largely relied on a limitedflowering plant, black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia). However, the forests of R. pseudoacaciahave been gradually declined in South Korea because the Leaf-yellowing of black...

Genetic polymorphisms of enzymes and transporters associated with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of drugs are one of the major factors that contribute to interindividual variations in drug response. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the pharmacogenetic profiles of the Korean population using the Affymetri...

Eurytoma tomentosae sp. nov. , included in the Eurytoma amygdali species-group, is described from South Korea. This species could potentially be an economically important pest, as it interferes with reproduction by attacking the seeds of the garden plant P. tomentosa . A key to the two Eurytoma species feeding on Prunus in South Korea is provided.

Various studies have highlighted the importance of ethnic differences. The consideration of ethnic differences in the field of individualized pharmacotherapy is imperative. Therefore, various organizations and networks across countries should aim to conduct multicountry and multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs). If there is solid evidence available...

Aims: Although metformin has been reported to affect the gut microbiome, the mechanism has not been fully determined. We explained the potential underlying mechanisms of metformin through a multiomics approach. Methods: An open-label and single-arm clinical trial involving 20 healthy Korean was conducted. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations...

Phenacoccus solani Ferris, 1918 and Vryburgia distincta (De Lotto, 1964) are herein reported occurring on succulent plants (Echeveria spp.) in South Korea. Both species have not been documented from South Korea except for quarantine inspection reports. In this study, diagnoses, descriptions, and photographs of the two species are provided with gene...

Purpose DA-8031 is a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of premature ejaculation. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of multiple oral doses of DA-8031. In addition, a genetic analysis was explored to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of DA-8031. Subje...

Introduction Darbepoetin alfa (NESP® and ARANESP®) has a sustained erythropoietic activity with a longer half-life than conventional recombinant human erythropoietin. CKD-11101 is under clinical development as a biosimilar of darbepoetin alfa. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and tolerability...

Natural protopanaxadiol ginsenosides exhibit low absorption in the human intestine. However, ginsenoside compound K (CK) with 1 conjugated glucose molecule exhibits favorable absorption. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside CK from a CK fermentation product, CK‐30, and from a red ginseng extract. A randomized...

This study aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model of oxcarbazepine (OXC) and analyse the relationship between monohydroxylated derivative (MHD), an active metabolite of OXC, and the adverse events of OXC. We obtained 711 OXC samples from 618 patients with epilepsy who were enrolled in the Epilepsy Registry Cohort of Seoul National University...