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Universitas Negeri Jakarta
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- Professor
Publications
Publications (103)
Antioxidant activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is known to have considerable therapeutic benefits in the field of medicine. This study aimed to synthesize AuNPs in the form of gold nanofilms (AuNFs) and characterize their antioxidant activity by controlling preparation parameters of scan rate. The AuNFs were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry te...
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted much attention as one of the most effective agents with high catalytic activities for radical scavenging reactions. Many studies have investigated its antioxidant activity using various in vitro methods and have shown promising scavenging action. In this research, we demonstrated the synthesis of Au nanofil...
Mesogen reactive RM257 and cholesteryl acrylate are two types of liquid crystal with the characteristic property of possesing polymerizable groups. Cholesteryl acrylate has interesting properties that can form a helical spiral structure. Previous research in maintaining the helical structure has not been maximized. In this study, we will explain ho...
The enhancement of urban air quality is a pressing global issue, crucial for safeguarding public health. Carbon monoxide (CO), a significant air pollutant, poses severe risks to human health. This study focuses on the development of a mobile-based Internet of Things (IoT) system for the detection and monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) pollution, co...
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and premature aging, caused by free radicals, have spurred a demand for extensive research into finding effective antioxidants. Currently, there is an abundance of both natural and synthetic antioxidants, including metal nanoparticles with high antioxidant activity. Among these, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stand out...
A BSTRACT
Garcinia dulcis and Garcinia forbesii King are native plants from Indonesia and have tremendous potential as a source of raw medicines based on local wisdom. However, scientific data for strengthening pharmaceuticals are still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to strengthen and develop the potential of both plants usi...
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized as an electrocatalyst using a square-wave pulse deposition technique. By adjusting the applied upper potentials, we were able to control the size and distribution of the Au NPs. Analysis using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique confirmed the formation of metallic-phase Au particles on the fluo...
Liquid crystal composite is a material made from monomer liquid crystal with other materials. These composites are very useful because they combine good properties of each material for many applications. Liquid crystal diacrylate resin of 2-methyl-1,4-phenylene bis(4-(3-(acryloyloxy) propoxy)benzoate) that combined with monomer methyl methacrylate...
Zn-doped Cu 2 O-Cu nanocomposite decorated with Ni cocatalyst was prepared by electrodeposition technique. The catalytic activity of the material was investigated from methylene blue (MB) degradation. The morphology, chemical composition, and structure of Zn-doped Cu 2 O-Cu/Ni were characterized by FESEM, EDAX, and XRD, respectively. The photoelect...
A pure-phase Cu2O film photocatalyst was successfully prepared by the electrodeposition technique from a non-pH-adjusted solution. To investigate the phase evolution and photocatalytic activity of the film, the electrodeposition was conducted at different deposition temperatures. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated from methylene blu...
We have synthesized ZnO nanostructure by using two-step methods i.e ultrasonic nebulizer and chemical bath deposition (CBD) at 95oC for two hours. The morphology, structural, reflectance, and photoluminescence properties have been characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, ultraviolet-visible (...
Abstrak Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pendeposisian lapisan tipis ZnO tanpa doping dan dengan doping Mg menggunakan teknik teknik Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) di atas substrat silicon (Si) pada suhu 450oC dengan frekuensi 1.7 MHz selama 15 menit. Zinc Acetate Dyhydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2] digunakan sebagai prekusor Zn dan Mg(CH3COO)24H2O sebaga...
This study analyzed the value-based learning environment by applying Socio-scientific Issues (SSI) designed to promote sustainable development in education. The study explored how students perceive when dealing with environmental problems which further develops the value of environmental awareness within them. The issues used are related to the con...
Cu2O is known as a potential photocatalyst that functions in the visible light region due to its narrow bandgap energy. In this study, to improve photocatalytic activity and photostability, Zn-doped Cu2O was decorated with CoNi cocatalyst using an electrodeposition technique at different deposition times. Photocatalytic activity of the CoNi-decorat...
In this paper, the photocatalytic responses of thin film Cu2O are reported terms of photocurrent and photodegradation performance. Cu2O was synthesised using an electrodeposition technique with different deposition times. The morphological and elemental analysis of Cu2O growth were performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope and a...
The objectives of this research were to synthesise a polyaniline-cobalt film electrode and investigate the effect of introducing cobalt to polyaniline film. A polyaniline-cobalt sample was synthesised using potentiostatic technique at 2.2 V constant synthesis potential value for 3 min. FTIR and X-ray diffraction results showed that the synthesised...
In this research, the spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized over fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) substrate from an additive-free and low-concentration electrolyte. Based on the field emission scanning electron microscopy micrograph, the AuNPs tend to agglomerate and form spherical particles with protrusions outward...
The Cu 2 O films were synthesized using the electrodeposition technique at room temperature. To investigate the phase, electrochemical properties, and photocatalytic activity of the Cu 2 O films, the duration of electrodeposition was varied. The catalytic activity of methylene blue (MB) photodegradation was studied. The X-ray diffraction measuremen...
This paper reports the effect of temperature and electrolyte pH on the electrodeposition of FeCoNi film. The FeCoNi electrodeposition was carried out from sulfate solution using the potentiostatic technique. The higher temperature increased deposition rate, thickness of the deposit, and size of the FeCoNi crystallites. The obtained FeCoNi films wer...
This study aims to synthesize zero-valent iron (ZVI) with green-chemistry method. Synthesis was performed by reducing Fe2+ ion using polyphenol extract. The extract was obtained from banana peel that abundant in Indonesia and contain high of polyphenols. Synthesis of ZVI was carried out by reacting polyphenol extract to FeSO4 solution with differen...
Graphene oxide silver nanocomposite (GOAg) with the incorporation of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and alginate (Alg) was successfully prepared using a straightforward method, and their antimicrobial activity was investigated. This work aims to compare the antimicrobial properties of GO, GOAg, GOAg/CNF, and GOAg/Alg. The structure, characteristics, an...
Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using simplified Hummer’s method, and GO-silver nanocomposite (GOAg) was prepared by microwave irradiation. The synthesis aims to decorate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) to enhance silver nanoparticle performances. The nanocomposite was characterized by using ultraviolet-visible s...
In this paper, we report our study on the effect of lower potential (El) of square-wave deposition of bimetallic on its electrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The electrochemical properties were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique....
Gold-based bimetallic nanoparticles possess promising applications in electrooxidation reactions due to their high catalytic activity. In this study, Gold (Au) and bimetallic Gold–Platinum (AuPt) nanoparticles were synthesised for application in ethanol electrooxidation using an electrodeposition technique on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated...
Anisotropic nanostructures, such as nanosheets, nanorods, etc., in many cases, generate superior physicochemical properties over a highly symmetric structure counterpart. Here, we present a straightforward method to grow vertically oriented ZnO nanosheet directly on fluorine-tin oxide substrate using a microwave-assisted quasi-hydrothermal method....
In this study, polyaniline was successfully synthesized using an oxidative polymerization method at room temperature. The polymerizations were carried out with and without stirring process under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The polyaniline was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, SAA, and Four Point Probe. It is found that UV irradiation and stirring...
This study aims to synthesize thin film of polyaniline-nickel oxide (PANI-NiO) as an electrode in capacitive deionization (CDI) technology. Thin film PANI-NiO were synthesized by electrodeposition method with different applied potentials. The FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern confirmed that PANI-NiO has been successfully synthesized. Based on the SEM-E...
Photopolymerizations of monomer methyl methacrylate being nanocomposite have been widely carried out because it has the advantage that it can improve the properties of the materials used. The purpose of this research was to study the synthesized characteristics of PMMA+ITO and PMMA+ITO+PE-b-PEG using the UV Curing method. The nanocomposites were sy...
This research aims to develop mobile learning integrated with LMS and test its effectiveness motivation learning on the topic of buffer solutions. The research was conducted at SMA AL-HASRA from November 2020 to June 2021. The research and development method by Borg and Gall was used by modifying five stages, needs analysis; product development; va...
Electrochemical analysis is the most noteworthy method to evaluate antioxidant capacity, as it may allow simple, low-cost, and quick execution based on a redox process. This study aims to compare one multi-floral and two mono-floral honey varieties with additional substances, royal jelly and propolis, using spectrophotometry methods and electroanal...
In this work, the influence of saccharin on the electrodeposition of NiCoFe film on a flexible substrate was investigated. NiCoFe electrodeposition was carried out at different potentials from electrolytes both with and without saccharin. The addition of saccharin modified the nuclei growth mechanism, making the growth phase slower than that in the...
Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered a hopeful technology in the production of hydrogen as affordable green energy. Electrocatalysts are used to enhance the electrokinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Compared to other noble metals, platinum (Pt) has the highest efficiency and stability in...
The COVID-19 pandemic occurred in many parts of the world has disrupted many aspects of life. One precaution to protect ourselves from this virus is cleaning our hands by using hand sanitizers and cleaning surfaces that are frequntly touched by using disinfectants. Therefore, there is tremendous need of this chemical substance in this pandemic era....
Silver (Ag) particle is a promising photocatalyst material with relatively high catalytic activity and good absorption in the visible light region. A dendritic structure of Ag has been studied in the purpose to enhance photocatalytic activity due to a large surface area and active site number of the metallic Ag particles. In this work, the Ag dendr...
In this paper, electrodeposition and visible light photocurrent responses of Zn-doped Cu2O were reported. The electrodeposition process was conducted with different deposition time to study the growth of the Cu2O deposit. The structural investigation and elemental analysis were performed on an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and X-ray diffract...
This research aims to develop the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of chemistry teachers in teaching Electrolyte and Non-Electrolytes through Lesson Study. The research method used is a qualitative method with an interpretive paradigm. The sample in this study is the chemistry teachers at SMAN 1 Talaga and SMAN 1 Bantarujeg, Maja...
One of the promising photocatalyst materials for synthetic dyes degradation is bimetallic AgPt. This material has a good catalytic activity due to a combination of Ag and Pt metals. In this paper, photocatalytic activity in methylene blue photodegradation of nanobranched AgPt synthesized by the electrodeposition technique was studied. The AgPt elec...
In this study, [email protected] core-shell/polyaniline composites were successfully prepared by mechanical and chemical methods. The crystalline structure, morphology, magnetic and microwave absorption property of the [email protected] core-shell polyaniline-based composites were investigated with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, p...
In this paper, the barium hexaferrite was successfully prepared by a conventional ceramic method and the precursors of BaCO3 and natural iron sand from Puger Beach, Jawa Timur-Indonesia. To develop a microwave absorbing material, the complex permeability, permittivity, and microwave absorption ability were investigated using a vector network analyz...
The objective of this study was to develop an electroanalytical technique for the analysis of antioxidant compounds. Five different samples from five monofloral honeys were used. The electroanalysis experiments were conducted using two different techniques, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV) performed with a scan rate of 50 mV/s and differential pulse...
This paper presents the development and characterization of the natural iron sand as a microwave absorber. To develop a new microwave absorbing paints in the 7–13 GHz range, the iron sand sample was prepared through the mechanical milling process and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Permagraph and vect...
In this research, teflon coating for microwave absorption applications was investigated. The microwave absorption properties of teflon with thicknesses of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mm were investigated using a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range of 7–13 GHz. Based on the reflected signal (S11) and transmitted signal (S21), the com...
Composite of cholesteryl acrylate-ITO nanoparticle was synthesized with the addition of polyethylenegycol (PEG). The crystallinity and surface morphology of the composites were investigated. XRD pattern of that product showed peaks in 2θ at 21° and confirmed a nematic phase. Therefore, added PEG could be changed the structures liquid crystal of cho...
We have prepared ZnO thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses using dip-coating at room temperature. Post-heating has been performed by different temperatures i.e. 450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C, and 600 °C under atmosphere ambient. The effect of post-heating temperature on the structural properties and absorbance of ZnO thin films have been investigat...
We studied the melting dynamics of Gold in the form of thin film. The thin film thickness is 9.756 nm. The systems are heated from room temperature up to slightly above melting point, T m = 1338 K. The evolution of the atoms in each system is followed using Molecular Dynamics (MD) scheme up to 20 ps. Thermodynamics analysis indicated that thin film...
In this paper, we have reported a study on the surface area of emeraldine phase polyaniline prepared from different concentration of aniline. Polyaniline was prepared using oxidative polymerization at low temperature. A Fourier infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer were used to confirm the formation of the conductive phase of polyaniline....
Decorating ZnO with noble metal nanoparticles is a promising strategy for overcoming the rapid recombination of pure ZnO. In this experiment, we evaluated the effects of AuAg nanoflowers (NFl) and AuAg mesopopcorns (MPOPs) on the photocatalytic properties of ZnO (NRs) in comparison with the conventional composite ZnO/Au NPs. ZnO NRs were grown on g...
This study aims to determine the effect of the application of REACT Strategies (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering) to the learning outcomes of students on Acid and Base material. This research was conducted in January-February 2019 at SMA Negeri 39 Jakarta using the Quasy Experimental design, Nonequivalent Control Group Des...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh positif model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan pendekatan berbasis kontekstual (CBA) terhadap literasi kimia peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri Jakarta pada materi hidrolisis garam. Penelitian dilakukan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah qu...
In this work, the microwave absorption performance of barium hexaferrite multi-nanolayers synthesized by aceramic method was investigated. The microwave absorption performances of BaFe 12 O 19 and BaCoZnFe 10 O 19 multi-nanolayers with thicknesses of 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 nm were evaluated using a vector network analyser (VNA) at...
This work aimed at controlling the size of chitosan nanoparticles that were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. Quantities of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) were optimized to obtain a fine size and narrow size distribution of the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction patterns indicated the exis...
Polyaniline can be used as an electrode because it is a conductive polymer whose conductivity can be adjusted through a doping-dedoping process. This study aimed to synthesise polyaniline film for use as a substrate for Fe-Ni alloy electrodeposition. A polyaniline layer was synthesised using the galvanostatic technique with a current of 1 mA in thr...
This study aimed to develop pre-service science teachers' conceptual understanding of a nanoscience project through a newly introduced 8E learning cycle. This research was conducted during one semester of a nanoscience and nanotechnology course in the chemistry education department in Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia with thirty-three pre-serv...
We have grown no-doped and Al-doped ZnO thin films with different Al element composition by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). The deposition by USP was performed with the temperature of 450 °C, ultrasonic frequency of 1.7 MHz, and under atmosphere ambient for 15 minutes on top of Si substrate. Structurally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of non-do...
Polyaniline films were synthesized using the electropolymerization method to produce a conductive layer as an electrode for metal electrodeposition. The layer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). According to the SEM mi...
Copper oxide (Cu 2 O) is a well-known semiconductor that is potentially used as a photocatalytic material for the photodegradation of synthetic dyes. In this study, Zn-doped Cu 2 O was synthesized by electrodeposition, and its performance for the photodegradation of a methylene blue (MB) solution was investigated. Electrodeposition was carried out...
We study the evolution of clusters from ultrafast laser induced ablation of Gold nanoparticle by means of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The energy given to the system are varied from 2 eV/atom, with increment 1 eV/atom, up to 8 eV/atom which already above ablation threshold. The nanoparticle is considered to absorb energy from laser irradiati...
Ag dendrites have successfully fabricated through square-wave electrodeposition method. The electrochemical properties of Ag dendrites were examined via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques in a solution containing 0.5 M KCl. It was found that Ag dendrites demonstrated equivalent series and charge transfer resist...
This study aims to determine the effect of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) and to characterize it (water resistance and biodegradation test). This research was done by blending (mixing) PVA, SSPS, acetic acid, and maleic anhydride. From the results of infrared spectrum analysis on plastic films showed peaks in the...
Human blood has been prepared from healthy human body. Structure, and electrical properties of human blood are studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image exhibits a uniform size distribution of thrombocyte of human blood with an average size less than 15 μm. Electrical analysis of the blood sample was measured by linear sweep voltammetry in...
We investigate the structural evolution on melting of Gold nanoparticle due to heat treatment from room temperature up to slightly above melting point. The evolution is followed using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. Structure factor and pair distribution function calculation indicated that the system is melted at the end of simulation. Common N...
This paper reports a method for measuring for the complex permittivity, permeability and microwave absorption properties of human blood of healthy human body. The proposed measurement method can be a useful technique for microwave absorption properties of human blood. The measurement using a waveguide in the microwave band. In order to measure the...
The aim of this work was to prepare polyaniline, polypyrrole and polyaniline/polypyrrole composite films using electrodeposition techniques. Films were examined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, which confirmed the formation of the single polymers and their composite. Morphological analysis was carried out using a scanning electron m...
The effect of electrodeposition potential on the magnetic properties of the FeCoNi films has been reported in this paper. The FeCoNi electrodeposition was carried out from sulfate solution using potentiostatic technique. The obtained FeCoNi films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and vibrating sa...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan argumentasi calon guru kimia melalui pembelajaran nanosains dan nanoteknologi dengan pendekatan socio critical and problem oriented. Penulis menemukan masalah utama adalah mahasiswa calon guru cenderung pasif dan proses pembelajaran tidak melibatkan siswa dalam berargumentasi. Penelitian kua...
Heterogeneous catalysts play an important role in accelerating chemical reactions in order to save energy and cost during the reaction process. Platinum (Pt) has received a great deal of attention for its application in many catalytic processes, but very few studies have evaluated it in the hydrogenation process of acetone. In this study, Pt partic...
Human blood has been prepared from healthy human body. Structure, and electrical properties of human blood are studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image exhibits a uniform size distribution of thrombocyte of human blood with an average size less than 15 m. Electrical analysis of the blood sample was measured by linear sweep voltammetry in...
This paper reports our studies on the synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for lead ions (Pb(II)) adsorbent. The nZVI was prepared using clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extracts as an environmentally-friendly reducing agent. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) studies indicate that eugenol is the main fraction found in the extract...
This paper presents our preliminary investigation on the deposit growth characteristic of FeCoNi nanoparticles prepared using potentiostatic electrodeposition. The FeCoNi electrodeposition was conducted in sulfate electrolyte containing cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Prior to the deposit preparation, cyclic voltammetry analysis was carried...
We have investigated the effect of thickness on microwave absorbing properties of barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) powder prepared by a solid-state reaction method with a sintering temperature of 1100°C for 5 hours. The sample was analyzed using XRD, SEM, PERMAGRAPH, and vector network analyzer (VNA). The microwave absorbing properties were measured at t...
We have investigated microwave absorbing properties of Nd2Fe14B/αFe nanocomposite prepared by melt spinning method. Structures, magnetic characteristics and microwave absorbing properties were characterized using XRD, PERMAGRAPH and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), respectively. The complex permeability and permittivity, as well as reflection loss (R...
We have investigated the magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of barium hexaferrite BaFe12-2xCoxZnxO19 (x = 0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6) nanocrystalline prepared using solid state reaction method. The powder of these ferrites were resulted by high energy ball mill for 1 h and mixed with epoxy resin to be converted into a microwave absorbing composite...
Mn-doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized on glass substrates via a two-steps process of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal methods with four different concentrations Mn-doping (0, 1, 3, and 7 mol%). Introduction of Mn into ZnO is known could enhance the photocatalytic activity owing to the increase in the defect sites that effectively suppre...
In this work, polyaniline nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical oxidation polymerization technique. The ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS)/aniline ratio, APS dropping time, and polymerization temperature were optimized to increase the surface area and conductivity of the polyaniline.The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum confirmed the...
We study the structural change of Aluminum thin film due to heat treatment. The film is heated up from room temperature of 300 K to 1000 K where it is already above melting temperature of Aluminum. Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to observe the behavior of the system since it provides atomistic detail. The structural transformation is inv...
Magnetic thin films composed of FeCoNi alloy nanocrystals were electrodeposited on an indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate sheet from sulfate electrolyte in the presence of saccharin. The resultant films were characterized by several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning T...
The preliminary study on the use of Glucopone 215 CSUP surfactant as an additive in nanoparticles preparation by means of electrochemical deposition has been investigated. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Glucopone 215 CSUP was firstly determined both in de-ionized water and sulphate electrolyte using ensiometer. It was found that the presen...
This paper reports our study on the synthesis of high electrical conductivity and surface area polyaniline using oxidative polymerization under UV light irradiation. The formation of emeraldine structures of polyaniline was revealed by major absorption bands of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra attributed to C-N stretching, C=C...
Soft magnetic nanoparticles of FeCoNi have been becoming interesting objects for many researchers due to its potential application in electronic devices. One of the most promising methods for material preparation is the electrodeposition which capable of growing nanoparticles alloy directly onto the substrate. In this paper, we report our electrode...
The first phase of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method comprised of physic-chemical fractionation steps of pH adjustment, pH adjustment followed by filtration, aeration, extraction with solid phase C18 column (SPE), oxidant reduction with sodium thiosulphate and EDTA chelation was conducted to characterize the toxicants of a Malaysian l...
Besi bervalensi nol (ZVI) telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan ekstrak kulit pisang kepok sebagai reduktor alami. Analisis terhadap karakteristik ZVI hasil sintesis berupa ukuran, kristalinitas dan morfologi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray difractometer (XRD), scanning electron micros...
Pembentukan material magnet komposit yang terdiri serbuk barium heksaferat, BaFe12O19, dan serbuk besi BCC, aFe, dengan perbandingan 60:40 % berat telah dilakukan. Proses penghalusan ukuran partikel magnet komposit dengan menggunakan planetary ball mill (PBM) dalam suasana toluen selama 30 jam bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sifat kemagnetan. Identifi...