Sergio Cavalieri

University of Bergamo | UNIBG · Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering

Digital servitization is a business model transformation process enabled by the use of digital technologies to create or improve industrial services and product‐service offerings by creating value and competitive advantage increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty as well as company revenue streams. 5G networks can enable digital servitization o...

The introduction of the fifth generation of mobile wireless communication, the 5G, is expected to have disruptive impacts on the manufacturing and logistics processes. The possibility to ensure smarter and faster mobile communications supports applications in several fields, from factory automation to maintenance, quality and logistics, enhancing t...

This paper examines the iron and steel industry’s efforts to reduce carbon emissions and achieve environmental sustainability goals in line with global climate change policies. The paper investigates the potential for product-service solutions as a viable business model option to reduce the sector’s environmental impact. By taking into account arti...

There is limited scientific and grey literature studying the phenomenon of how the current job profiles are being affected by Industry 4.0 technologies at the operational level. This paper aims to answer the following question: how can the evolution of Workforce 4.0 job profiles be analyzed from a job-task perspective concerning the adoption of sma...

The transition of logistics processes towards Logistics 4.0 (or Smart Logistics) – the specific application of Industry 4.0 in the logistics systems – contributes to the increasing need to establish reliable and efficient communication networks, to manage considerable amounts of data exchange between equipment, products, vehicles and workers. The c...

The steel sector, being one of the most environmentally polluting, will have to radically renew itself in the next years in order to meet the European climate and energy targets defined within the Paris Agreement. The traditional production method, based on the blast furnace, is the most widespread in the world but also the most polluting. In recen...

Data availability is changing the way companies make decisions at various levels (e.g., strategical and operational). Researchers and practitioners are exploring how product–service system (PSS) providers can benefit from data availability and usage, especially when it comes to making decisions related to service delivery. One of the services that...

In the next years, it will be increasingly important to re-think manufacturing and logistics systems from a human-centred perspective to promote a balanced use of automation and digital technologies to enhance the unique and irreplaceable capabilities of operators, who will continue to play a fundamental role in the factories of the future. The six...

Even if usually filled in the form of unstructured text, maintenance service reports can be an important source of information for manufacturing companies providing field and remote maintenance services to their customers. By analyzing their content, companies can discover hidden knowledge that can be used for improvement purposes. By exploiting Na...

IoT solutions represent one of the most powerful approaches towards asset and maintenance management supporting a multi-user environment that can be adopted to monitor machine and guide decision-making at different levels. Several studies discussed the benefits that may be achieved, but few studies discussed how to implement such a complex process...

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have been pushed to re-think their traditional working models to comply with the need for social distancing. In this context, Smart Working practices have been proposed to re-arrange the workforce activities ensuring the minimization of risks as well as business continuity. Despite traditiona...

Simulation models have always been an aid in epidemiology for understanding the spread of epidemics and evaluating their containment policies. This paper illustrates how hybrid simulation can support companies in assessing COVID-19 containment measures in indoor environments. In particular, a Hybrid Simulation (HS) is presented. The HS model consis...

Recent economic transformations have forced companies to redefine their value propositions, increasing traditional product offerings with supplementary services—the so-called Product-Service System (PSS). Among them, the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies is very common. However, the directions that companies are undertaking to offer new value t...

Assessing the digital readiness of companies is becoming crucial to undertake a successful journey towards the digitalization of industry. Recently, the attention of both scholars and practitioners has turned to an extension of the assessment to the whole Supply Chain (SC). Given the importance of reaching a high level of integration and digital re...

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to deeply change several aspects of the manufacturing industry. Among them, the logistics and supply chain activities will be affected by these changes both at operational and managerial level to face the market drivers of flexibility and mass-customisation. In this context, the work of ope...

In recent years, the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing landscape promoted the development of smart factories characterised by relevant socio-technical interactions between humans and machines. In this context, understanding and modelling the role of humans turns out to be crucial to develop efficient manufacturing syste...

The last decade, the manufacturing industry has been concerned with digital transformation as a new lever for competitiveness. Nevertheless, the industrial digital transformation remains an emerging topic, which is not well understood academically and in terms of its practical implications. Due to different contextual factors and national developme...

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to deeply change several aspects of the manufacturing industry. Among them, the logistics and supply chain activities will be affected by these changes both at operational and managerial level to face the market drivers of flexibility and mass-customisation. In this context, the work of ope...

Despite that digital technologies play a fundamental role in enabling innovation in service delivery processes, the understanding of how they influence services characteristics, and service provider – customer interactions still remains a critical point. On these premises, this paper introduces a study to explore such influences, through the adopti...

Due to the commodisation and globalization of the markets, manufacturing companies have been pursuing new business models based on product-service bundles, which in literature have been investigated under the broad term of Product-Service Systems (PSS). Efficient provision of PSS is not immediate since it requires as a first condition a deep integr...

Due to the commodisation and globalization of the markets, manufacturing companies have been pursuing new business models based on product- service bundles, which in literature have been investigated under the broad term of Product-Service Systems (PSS). Efficient provision of PSS is not immediate since it requires as a first condition a deep integ...

Nowadays, we are in the middle of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. A set of technologies applied to the manufacturing landscape gives birth to a new concept of factory in which every product, device, machine and process is interconnected to the others, composing Cyber-Physical Systems able to communicate with each other...

This book gathers the peer-reviewed papers presented at the 8th edition of the International Workshop “Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing – SOHOMA’18” held at the University of Bergamo, Italy on June 11–12, 2018. The objective of the SOHOMA annual workshops is to foster innovation in smart and sustainable manufacturing and...

The digital transformation of the manufacturing industry is currently unlocking new possibilities in terms of automation and improvement of existing business processes. Service is currently one of the key areas that are being affected by it and, while many use cases are proposed, their operational implementation often remains a challenge. This pape...

Lean production emerged as an alternative way of organizing and managing manufacturing operations in the 1990s, following the close examination and promotion of the Toyota Production System as a better way of working. More recently, the advent of Industry 4.0 and its associated Cyber-Physical Production Systems has materialised novel ways of furthe...

Lean production emerged as an alternative way of organizing and managing manufacturing operations in the 1990s, following the close examination and promotion of the Toyota Production System as a better way of working. More recently, the advent of Industry 4.0 and its associated Cyber-Physical Production Systems has materialised novel ways of optimi...

Nowadays, we are in the middle of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. A set of technologies applied to the manufacturing landscape gives birth to a new concept of factory in which every product, device, machine and process is interconnected to the others, composing Cyber-Physical Systems able to communicate with each other...

Maintenance services of geographically dispersed industrial applications, such as oil transfer systems via pipelines and wastewater treatment plants, are affected by high logistics costs and risks of permanent downtimes. The increasing availability of smart technologies and devices has led to the introduction of advanced prognostic and diagnostic s...

While enlarging their value proposition adding services to their product portfolio, an increasing number of manufacturing companies is suffering a lack of methods to engineer and manage the service offer effectively and efficiently. In particular, multinational companies are struggling with the complexity of organizing the service delivery process...

In order to face the low cost countries competition and to be more competitive on the market many manufacturing companies are enlarging their offer with customized services. While incorporating such solutions into their portfolio they face some complexities while managing the intangible service of the product. In light with this, the following pape...

The proper design and management of product-service system (PSS) supply chains is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of servitised business models. As underlined by empirical evidence, research on how different types of PSS offerings affect the design and management of the upstream supply chain of PSS providers still appears to be lag...

Nowadays, the introduction of digital technologies in the manufacturing industries paved the way to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, fostering the evolution of traditional industrial systems to the concept of smart manufacturing. In last years, many reference models to describe the features of the smart factories have b...

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how customers and other stakeholders can be involved in value co-creation activities in a collaborative Product-Service System (PSS) design and engineering process, and which of the existing engagement methods in the body of knowledge can be adopted in order to achieve their active participation in va...

In recent years and in the current industrial and societal scenario, technologies have been increasingly playing a key role in enabling new product and service offerings. Cyberphysical systems, Additive Manufacturing, Augmented Reality and Cloud Computing are some of the innovative solutions that will shape – or rather are already shaping – new bus...

This paper aims to provide an introduction to the analytical modelling and the discrete-events simulation for a manufacturing system. A general method of constructing a Markov chain and the simulation with discrete events using Delmia Quest software, are presented. In the present paper, those interested can find a real case study: modelling and sim...

Although operations strategy has been recognised as a relevant topic for the healthcare sector, scarce attention has been devoted to understand how internal and external operations characteristics may interact each other affecting strategic decision-making process. On this premise, this paper introduces a framework built on current literature and f...

The integration process of products and services is still a growing trend in today’s globally competitive market. To properly answer to the need of the companies to deliver integrated solution, from the mid-2000s, several research groups have worked on the development of methodologies to support companies along the engineering phase. Even if a plet...

In recent years, the economic and financial crises have been slowing down the growth of international markets. The resulting necessity to increase competitiveness has forced manufacturing industries to rethink their offer portfolio, also implementing servitization strategies. In particular, given the dramatic raise of customers’ awareness as regard...

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies disclose mass customisation and agile manufacturing, along with fully-digitised supply chains lowering the environmental impact. Concurrently, the progressive servitisation of products builds on new sustainable consumption paradigms, closer to the customer needs. The two mutually-enforcing subject matters ar...

Guaranteeing the continuity and the quality of services in network plants is a key issue in the research area of asset management. Especially when the plants are located in a wide area where machines are not continuously monitored by the operators. In particular, the pervasive adoption of smart sensors could be able to develop intelligent maintenan...

Bergamo 2.035 is in fact a specific instance of application of this vision to a well-defined territory, taking into account the city’s distinctive features, its size and its relationship with surrounding areas, its cultural and productive vocations; in short all those aspects that make each single territory “unique”. This research program ultimatel...

Management of moveable assets is a key issue in most industrial manufacturing companies. With the increasing complexity of production systems characterised by numerous and heterogeneous machining centres, it becomes quite hard to carry out an effective and cost-efficient management model of the tools and fixtures needed for ensuring a correct and t...

This paper introduces a strategic planning framework for SME service organisations focusing on the selection and development of their competitive models, value chain models and operation models. Also proper modelling and managing tools are provided in order to support service managers in the deployment of their service strategy considering external...

Despite the numerous benefits that the implementation of a servitization strategy can bring to manufacturing companies, several challenges have to be faced. Among others, changes in competences, resources, organisational structure and value network relationships are required in order to create, capture and deliver new value. In such a context, this...

The paper describes an initiative carried out on the Italian territory, the ASAP Service Management Forum, as an exemplary practice contributing to spreading the service management culture across firms as well as cross-fertilizing good practices and the development of joint academia-practitioners’s research and education initiative. Within the ASAP...

Maintenance strategies have evolved from standard cyclic maintenance to more advanced approaches like Condition Based Maintenance and Predictive Maintenance approach. Even if lot of work has been done regarding these methodologies applied on machines or industrial plants, the same care is not applied to other critical devices. In the case of Low Vo...

As for conventional products, the profit generation and the market success of Product Service Systems (PSS) critically depend on the decisions taken during the initial lifecycle stages, when PSSs are conceptualized, designed, developed and engineered. Successful cases show the adoption of lean techniques in the early stages of products development,...

Management of moveable assets is a key issue in most industrial manufacturing companies. With complex production systems, numerous and various machining centers, it becomes quite hard to carry out an effective and cost-efficient management of the tools and fixtures needed for ensuring the correct and timely execution of the planned production cycle...

Engineering Immune Systems (EIS) are systems able to react against disturbances, to detect anomalous events and to adapt to environment changes in order to keep a stable state. Autonomous Computing and Artificial Immune Systems are biological inspired IT systems that could compose am EIS. Artificial Immune Intelligent Maintenance System (AI2MS) is...

The evolution of modern production plants and the rising performance requirements lead to the need for more advanced maintenance systems. In such a context, autonomous Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMSs) are capable of estimating health conditions, and can be used to forecast maintenance needs and optimize maintenance schedules, therefore reduci...

For decades, manufacturing firms have intensively invested on the implementation management control processes, quality assurance systems, performance improvement tools, simulation and modeling processes and resource planning software with the notion in mind that control and predictability brings certain stability to the customer value delivery syst...

The recent transformation of industry, characterised by saturated and commoditised global environments and where companies strive to attract and retain customers, has pushed manufacturing organisations to rethink their traditional dominant logic based on the provision of artefacts. Research and anecdotal cases have shown that competing on the basis...

Additive manufacturing is shifting business models towards mass customisation and responsible production paradigms. Such a technology is fostering re-localisation and value-added approaches in order to increase customer involvement into a more flexible and sustainable production process. This paper provides both theoretical tools and case studies t...

In this study, a supplier selection problem is first modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem with three minimization objectives: price, rejects and lead-time. In reality, the objectives may have different relative weights. In addition, due to uncertainty/imprecision, it may be easier for decision makers to determine an interval goal or as...

Global businesses are moving towards ‘glocalization’ and ‘mass-customization’ strategies to serve in a more personal and sustainable way their customers. Advances in ICT and green manufacturing technologies are enablers of this phenomenon. This paper explores a new business model, and its related supply chain model, the Green Virtual Enterprise Bro...

The Artificial Immune Intelligent Maintenance System (AI2MS) is an architecture proposal for a Distributed Intelligent Maintenance System (IMS) using Artificial Immune Systems concepts. Equipment has its own embedded AIS, performing a local diagnosis. This proposal is modeled and implemented using multiagent systems, where every autonomous IMS is m...

Artificial Immune Intelligent Maintenance System (AI2MS) is a proposal for a distributed condition-based maintenance system that applies the concepts of Artificial Immune Systems. This work presents the design of a multi agent system to support the development of the Device Layer Agents, the AI2MS first level. Agents modeling and implementation of...

Today, globalization of markets and more stringent requirements from customers put forward a multitude of challenges to managers. They strive to optimize all systems involved in their organizations in order to outperform on all the main Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Maintenance as a system plays also a key role in order to reach the KPI needed...

This paper models the problem of supplier selection as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) where minimization of price, rejects and lead-time are considered as three objectives. The paper considers two different cases: (1) the crisp MOOP in which the goals of objectives are predetermined; and (2) the fuzzy MOOP in which the weights of obj...

Technical field services for industrial machinery and equipment have become increasingly important for original equipment manufacturers. To deliver services to their customers, companies have to build up new core competencies and infrastructure, a challenge due to the high complexity and dynamics of this business. To assist companies in the strateg...

The service industry is recognized as a central element of modern economies. Services represent an important topic both for practitioners and researchers: although they may contribute substantially to a company’s bottom line, they still lack a methodological support and a systematic study for the design phase. To make service provision profitable i...

The main aim of this paper is to propose a collaborative solution platform to design, assess and deploy technology-based business models, supporting the analysis and evaluation of business ecosystems for the manufacturing and delivery of customised product-services in global markets. The proposed platform will guarantee a common thread for the exec...

Manufacturing companies are heavily competing for the identification of new sources of value for the market, moving from a traditional transaction-based and product-centric orientation towards the provision of integrated solutions to their customers. In this context, Service Engineering, the discipline concerned with the systematic development and...

The unprecedented rise of population with increasing energy consumption has necessitated the stabilization of dwindling energy resources to secure the provision of energy. Electricity production and distribution through smart grids is a key component in delivering reliable, efficient, and low-carbon energy for a sustainable development of the socie...

This paper presents a model, based on Analytic Hierarchy Process, to support a maintenance manager with a suitable tool for focusing on the most relevant choices which need to be prioritized. The paper provides an insight on how structural and infra-structural decision elements, traditionally conceived for assessing the manufacturing strategy of a...

Companies are striving to create new sources of value, providing integrated product-service solutions to customers, evolving from a “pure product” orientation towards a Product-Service System (PSS) perspective. In this context, Service Engineering (SE), the discipline concerned with the systematic development and design of product-services, is beco...

Purpose One of the major difficulties encountered by companies nowadays is related to the engineering of service and product-service systems (PSS), including the definition of methods and techniques supporting their design and development. It is noteworthy to state that, in order to make PSS and service provision profitable in the long term, it is...

Companies have realized that complementing industrial goods with the provision of value added services can be an important lever to prosper on those markets affected by weak demand, hard competition and decreasing mar-gins. However, the increasing role of industrial services in the strategic plans and the economics of companies poses new relevant o...

Companies have realized that complementing industrial goods with the provision of value added services can be an important lever to prosper on those markets affected by weak demand, hard competition and decreasing mar-gins. However, the increasing role of industrial services in the strategic plans and the economics of companies poses new relevant o...

Maintenance services logistics for wide geographically dispersed applications, such as oil transfer systems via pipelines or waste water treatment, have high costs and standard approaches usually lead to sub-optimal solutions. These systems are composed by a huge number of devices, often placed in inaccessible areas with a large distance between th...