Serge Pinto

CNRS · Laboratoire Parole et Langage, UMR 7309, CNRS / Aix-Marseille Université

Background: The EARLYSTIM trial demonstrated for Parkinson's disease patients with early motor complications that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and best medical treatment (BMT) was superior to BMT alone. Objective: This prospective, ancillary study on EARLYSTIM compared changes in blinded speech intelligibility asse...

Rhythm disorders are consistently reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). They manifest across motor domains, such as in orofacial (oral diadochokinesis), manual (finger tapping), and gait tasks. It is still unclear, however, whether these disorders are domain-and task-specific, or result from impaired common mechanisms supporting rhythm processing (...

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the effects of both Ldopa and subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are known to change cost-valuation. However, this was mostly studied through reward-effort task involving distal movements, while axial effort, less responsive to treatments, have been barely studied. Thus, our objective was to compare the influe...

The phonology of prosody has received little attention in studies of motor speech disorders. The present study investigates the phonology of intonation (nuclear contours) and speech chunking (prosodic phrasing) in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a function of medication intake and duration of the disease. Following methods of the prosodic and intonatio...

Background Hyperkinetic dysarthria is often present in isolated dystonia (ID) and is still understudied. Four main clusters of deviant speech dimensions in dystonia hyperkinetic dysarthria were initially provided: articulatory inaccuracy, phonatory stenosis, prosodic excess and prosodic insufficiency. Aim The aim of our exploratory study was to pr...

The ability to process speech evolves over the course of the lifespan. Understanding speech at low acoustic intensity and in the presence of background noise becomes harder, and the ability for older adults to benefit from audiovisual speech also appears to decline. These difficulties can have important consequences on quality of life. Yet, a conse...

Introduction Although the motor signs of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are well defined, nonmotor symptoms, including higher-level language deficits, have also been shown to be frequent in patients with PD. In the present study, we used a lexical decision task (LDT) to find out whether access to the mental lexicon is impaired in patients with PD, and wh...

Importance: The effects of dopaminergic treatment on speech in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are often mixed and unclear. The aim of this study was to better elucidate those discrepancies. Methods: Full retrospective data from advanced PD patients before and after an acute levodopa challenge were collected. Acoustic analysis of spontaneous...

Résumé Objectifs L’intelligibilité de la parole se définit comme le degré de précision avec lequel un message est compris par un auditeur. À ce titre, la perte d’intelligibilité chez un patient atteint de troubles de la parole représente souvent une plainte importante car elle engendre un déficit communicationnel. La mesure de l’intelligibilité es...

An impressive number of theoretical proposals and neurobiological studies argue that perceptual processing is not strictly feedforward but rather operates through an interplay between bottom-up sensory and top-down predictive mechanisms. The present EEG study aimed to further determine how prior knowledge on auditory syllables may impact speech per...

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by rhythm disorders, which manifest across motor domains (orofacial, manual and gait), and in perceptual tasks. These disorders may result from a general dysrhythmia, linked to impaired central mechanisms supporting rhythm processing. Rhythmic auditory cueing has been used to improve motor symp...

Objectives: Speech intelligibility can be defined as "the degree to which a speaker's intended message is recovered by a listener". Loss of intelligibility is one of the most frequent complaints in patients suffering from speech disorder, impairing communication. Measurement of intelligibility is therefore an important parameter in follow-up. We d...

A growing number of studies postulate the use of music to improve motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The effects of music are greatly variable from one individual to the other and do not always reach the expected benefits. This study aimed to optimize the use of music in the management of movement disorders inherent to PD in a...

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience rhythm disorders in a number of motor tasks such as i) oral diadochokinesis, ii) finger tapping, and iii) gait. These common motor deficits may be signs of “general dysrhythmia”, a central disorder spanning across effectors and tasks, and potentially sharing the same neural substrate. However, to...

Background: Dysarthria in neurological disorders can have psychosocial consequences. The dysarthric speaker's perspective towards the disorder's psychosocial impact is essential in its global assessment and management. For such purposes, assessment tools such as the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) are indispensable. Objective: We aimed to confir...

Background: Programming algorithms have never been tested for outcome. The EARLYSTIM study showed superior outcomes of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) over best medical treatment in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients were programmed according to common guidelines but customized for each patient. Methods: Stimula...

Music has been shown to enhance motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Notably, musical rhythm is perceived as an external auditory cue that helps PD patients to better control movements. The rationale of such effects is that motor control based on auditory guidance would activate a compensatory brain network that minimizes the re...

Number: 754 Objective: To describe acoustic features of speech in Primary Generalized Dystonia (PGD) in order to identify potential subtypes of dysarthria, in line with the previous perceptual description provided by Darley et al., (1969). Background: PGD is a neurologic disorder often associated with a hyperkinetic dysarthria. The seminal classica...

Objective: To identify if intelligibility or social repercussions of dysarthria determined quality of life in patients with different kinds of movement disorders. Background: Dysarthria in neurological affections is much often assessed by the impairment of speech intelligibility. However, speech production is a privileged way of communication, and...

Objective: To compare the effects of levodopa and subthalamic nucleus stimulation (STN-DBS) on decision-making tasks for distal (hand) and axial (speech) efforts in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background: PD is a particularly relevant model to explore the neurobiology of decision-making. Several studies used effort-based designs to understand the eff...

One of the current scientific challenges is to propose novel tools and tasks designed to identify new motor biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (PD). Among these, a focus has placed on drawing tasks. Independently from clinical ratings, this study aimed to evaluate the pen movement and holding in digitalized spiral drawing in individuals with PD with...

Introduction/Background Rhythmic disorders are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), both in speech (i.e., dysarthria) and in non-verbal rhythmic tasks (e.g., tapping to a beat). However, it is still unknown whether rhythmic disorders in the speech and non-speech domains come from the same source (e.g., an impaired general system for be...

The effects of medication and disease duration on the prosody of sentence modality and speech chunking in PD patients have been examined. It was found that the two prosodic functions are affected in different ways.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a neurodegenerative chronic disorder with a motor symptomatology presence (WHO 2006). ü This disease affects 1%-2% world's population (60+ y.o.) and is classically characterized by a symptomatic triad that includes rest tremor, akinesia and hypertonia. Although the motor expression of the symptoms involv...

Background: Although subthalamic stimulation is a recognised treatment for motor complications in Parkinson's disease, reports on behavioural outcomes are controversial, which represents a major challenge when counselling candidates for subthalamic stimulation. We aimed to assess changes in behaviour in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving...

Aim: The present study sought to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) for European Portuguese (EP) and validate it for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with the guidelines. The EP version of the DIP was administered to 80 people with...

Music has been shown to enhance motor control in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Notably, musical rhythm is perceived as an external auditory cue that helps PD patients to better control movements. The rationale of such effects is that motor control based on auditory guidance would activate a compensatory brain network that minimizes the re...

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) represents one of the most efficacious treatments for Parkinson’s disease, along with L-dopa therapy. The objective of the present work was to identify the cerebral networks associated with hand movement and speech production tasks performed alone and simultaneously, as well as the effects of STN...

Background: Neuroimaging studies help us better understand the pathophysiology and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In several of these studies, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to investigate structural changes in cerebral tissue. Although data have been provided as regards to specific brain areas, a whole brain meta-analysis is still...

Introduction Les dysarthries résultent de lésions neurologiques qui dégradent la phonation, la prosodie, l’articulation et l’intelligibilité de la parole, pouvant induire de fortes répercussions psycho-sociales et émotionnelles. Objectifs Les études sur les dysarthries ont principalement porté sur des données instrumentales ou physiopathologiques...

Introduction Cinquante à quatre-vingt pour cent des patients parkinsoniens présentent une dysphagie entraînant un risque de dénutrition important. L’installation insidieuse de ces troubles retarde leur prise en charge et augmente le risque de complications. Objectifs L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la pertinence d’un test simple de dépist...

Cross-linguistic studies aim at determining the similarities and differences in speech production by uncovering linguistic adaptations to specific constraints and environments. In the field of motor speech disorders, such a cross-language approach could be of great interest to understand not only the deficits of speech production that are induced b...

La maladie de Parkinson est une maladie neurodégénérative connue pour sa symptomatologie motrice (i.e. akinésie, rigidité, tremblement). De nombreux traitements permettent aujourd'hui de réduire drastiquement les impacts moteurs de la maladie (Lévodopa et stimulation cérébrale profonde en particulier). Cependant, ces mêmes traitements peuvent indui...

Hypokinetic dysarthria is a common symptom in those with Parkinson’s disease (PD); there is currently no standardized or validated tool for assessing speech in this population. To translate into European Portuguese (EP) the FDA-2 and perform a cultural adaptation followed by an evaluation of its psychometric properties in PD in a sample of people w...

Lors de rééducation de la parole, le rythme est un facteur qui est peu pris en compte. Pourtant, certains auteurs postulent que ce dernier pourrait être déterminant. C'est le cas de Fujii et Wan (2014). Ces deux auteurs ont proposé une double hypothèse, SEP (pour Sound Envelope Processing et Synchronization and Entrainment to a Pulse). Ce travail p...

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have to deal with several aspects of voice and speech decline and thus alteration of communication ability during the course of the disease. Among these communication impairments, three major challenges include: (1) dysarthria, consisting of orofacial motor dysfunction and dysprosody, which is linked to the...

Introduction Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have to deal with several aspects of voice and speech decline and thus alteration of communication ability during the course of the disease. Among these communication impairments, 3 major challenges include: (1) dysarthria, consisting of orofacial motor dysfunction and dysprosody, which is link...

La maladie de Parkinson est connue classiquement au travers de ses symptômes moteurs (akinésie, rigidité et tremblement de repos), toutefois, il s'agit d'une pathologie dont l'étendue est beaucoup plus importante. Ainsi, d'autres symptômes sont fréquemment retrouvés, tant sur les plans moteur et végétatif que sur les plans cognitif et comportementa...

Establishing sentence modality and chunking the speech stream into units are two of prosody’s main functions. Both functions affect phrase-level meanings, playing a crucial role in communication. Portuguese uses contrasting nuclear contours to express modality, and intonational breaks for chunking (Frota, 2014). This study examines the impact of Pa...

Chorea is an abnormal movement characterized by a continuous flow of random muscle contractions. This phenomenon has several causes, such as infectious and degenerative processes. Chorea results from basal ganglia dysfunction. As the control of the eye movements is related to the basal ganglia, it is expected, therefore, that is altered in diseases...

Background: Psychosocial impact of dysphonia in people with Parkinson disease (PD) has been described with the Voice Handicap Index (VHI); however, its psychometric properties when applied in this population are not described. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the VHI in people with PD. Methods...

Introduction La dysarthrie est présente chez 70 à 80 % des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson (MP) [1]. Alors que les traitements pharmacologiques et neurochirurgicaux montrent des effets variables [2], les approches comportementales sont hétérogènes et, à ce jour, n’ont pas fait l’objet d’évaluations exhaustives [e.g. 3]. Objectifs Nous...

Prosody establishes sentence modality and chunks the speech stream into sense units. Both functions affect phrase-level meanings, playing a crucial role in communication. Portuguese uses nuclear contours to express modality and intonational breaks for chunking. This study examines the impact of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on these functions considerin...

Background: Dysarthria is a common feature in Parkinson´s disease and actually there is a lack of validated instruments to assess speech in PD. FralusoPark is a multi-centric and international project to study speech disorders in PD and several instruments were translated, adapted and validated inside its framework. Purpose: To validate FDA-2 for t...

Parkinson's disease (PD) results from neurodegenerative processes leading to alteration of motor functions. Most motor symptoms respond well to pharmacological and neurosurgical treatments, except some axial symptoms such as speech impairment, so-called dysarthria. However, speech therapy is rarely proposed to PD patients. This review aims at evalu...

Objectives: (1) To determine and identify the nature and pattern of oromotor movements specifically reflexes, respiration, lips, palate, larynx, tongue and intelligibility in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients according to gender. (2) To predict which variables, age, PD disease duration; sight, hearing, teeth, mood, posture and oral senso...

Introduction: One of the speech therapists’ challenges is to distinguish and/or determine the association level of speech and oromotor disorders. It is common for both levels to coexist in some disorders due to the great interdependence of the speech production system (e.g, respiration, phonation, articulation, and prosody resonance). Despite speec...

Malgré de récentes avancées, cognition et motricité sont encore fréquemment abordées comme deux entités distinctes, tant lors d'approches expérimentales que lors de prises en charges cliniques. Nous avons eu pour objectif de faire un bref état des lieux permettant de rassembler ces deux sphères comportementales au travers d'études scientifiques réa...

Les récentes avancées des Neurosciences ont permis de comprendre que le cerveau était capable de se régénérer, de s'autoréguler et de s'adapter à un environnement changeant, interne comme externe. Ces découvertes permettent aujourd'hui de mieux comprendre les différences inter-et intra-individuelles, en précisant les mécanismes sous-jacents, tant à...

La maladie de Parkinson induit de nombreux troubles moteurs et non moteurs. Une grande majorité d'entre eux peuvent être correctement pris en charge en début de maladie. Toutefois, certains répondent mal aux principales thérapeutiques. C'est le cas de la parole, tantôt améliorée, tantôt dégradée et parfois non affectée par les traitements. Alors qu...

The dynamic features of sounds make them particularly appropriate for assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of movements. Furthermore, sounds can inform about the correctness of an ongoing movement without directly interfering with the visual and proprioceptive feedback. Finally, because of their playful characteristics, sounds are potential...

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) tradicionalmente caracterizada por uma tríade de sintomas que incluem o tremor de repouso, a bradicinesia e a rigidez. Os sinais motores envolvem principalmente os membros mas, também, são encontradas alterações motoras de produção da voz falada (disartria) e da deglutição (disfagia). Objetivo: Determinar os marcadores fi...

RESUME A l'exception du léger frottement du stylo sur la feuille, l'écriture est une activité silencieuse. Parce que la modalité auditive est disponible pendant l'écriture et parce qu'elle est particulièrement pertinente pour percevoir des différences fines au plan temporel et dynamique, nous cherchons à comprendre comment l'ajout d'informations au...

Micrographia, an abnormal reduction in writing size, is a specific behavioral deficit associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). In recent years, the availability of graphic tablets has made it possible to study micrographia in unprecedented detail. Consequently, a growing number of studies show that PD patients also exhibit impaired handwriting kin...

Improvement of gait disorders following pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease has previously been reported and led us to propose this surgical treatment to patients who progressively developed severe gait disorders and freezing despite optimal dopaminergic drug treatment and subthalamic nucleus stimulation....

Objective: To identify behavioral signs in graphic movement kinematics which highlight the L-dopa effect in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Background: Thanks to the development of graphic tablets, computerized analysis of simple graphic tasks has modified the focus of interest from the product (the static trace on the paper), to the process (the moveme...

The dynamic features of sounds make them particularly appropriate for assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of movements. Furthermore, sounds can inform about the correctness of an ongoing movement without directly interfering with the visual and proprioceptive feedback. Finally, because of their playful characteristics, sounds are potential...

The aim of this work was to study cerebral vasoreactivity to hypercapnia in Parkinson's disease (PD) before and after levodopa administration. The prospective study was conducted in 20 patients presenting with PD, using 3T blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) covering the whole brain. The hypercapnic stimulus was block-des...

This preliminary study aimed to adapt the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) in French and to confirm its relevance for the assessment of the psychosocial impact of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). The DIP scale was administered to 10 people with PD and 10 age-matched control subjects. The DIP psychometric properties were calculated (discrimina...

Levodopa (L-dopa) effects on the cardinal and axial symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) differ greatly, leading to therapeutic challenges for managing the disabilities in this patient's population. In this context, we studied the cerebral networks associated with the production of a unilateral hand movement, speech production, and a task combining...

The aim of this contribution is to propose a database model designed for the storage and accessibility of various speech disorder data including signals, clinical evaluations and patients’ information. This model is the result of 15 years of experience in the management and the analysis of this type of data. We present two important French corpora...

Motor speech impairments are often present in movement disorders. Our aim in the current review is to present an overview of studies carried out in functional neuroimaging and assessing speech and language in Parkinson's disease. The overall results lead us to consider the existence of "functional pathophysiologies" dependent on function: brain act...