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Publications (59)
Assessment methods have been developed to estimate a preliminary conservation status for species and subsequently to facilitate the building of Red Lists. Such pre-assessment methods could be particularly useful in the French Overseas Territories (FOTs) where Red Lists tend to be out-dated or absent and where a high number of endemic species face d...
This chapter presents some results of recent research projects that are being developed in several herbaria around the world to identify new hyperaccumulating species, through elemental analysis of specimens by X-ray spectrometry. The first results generated, and in particular those obtained at the MNHN herbarium, demonstrate that herbaria represen...
Herbaria can contribute to the evaluation of the floristic knowledge of territories and to the identification of “hotspots” of plant biodiversity; to the characterization of floristic regressions of certain species; and to the study of the history of introductions and expansion of invasive exotic species or of symbionts collected unintentionally wi...
TAXREF is the taxonomic register for all living organisms from metropolitain and overseas France, marine as well as continental. A new version is published each year. This 15th version can be downloaded here : https://inpn.mnhn.fr/telechargement/referentielEspece/taxref/15.0/menu
14 C is a radioisotope used in archeology to date ancient objects. In Egypt, the “peculiarity of the Nile”, with the regular floods that occurred on a recurrent basis before the construction of the Aswan dams, could have been at the origin of seasonal effects that caused the 14 C content of plants to fluctuate on regional scales, leading to deviati...
Curbing biodiversity loss and its impact on ecosystem services, resilience and Nature’s Contributions to People is one of the main challenges of our generation (IPBES, 2019b, 2019a; Secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020). A global baseline assessment of the threat status of all of biodiversity is crucial to moni...
Plants have developed a diversity of strategies to take up and store essential metals in order to colonize various types of soils including mineralized soils. Yet, our knowledge of the capacity of plant species to accumulate metals is still fragmentary across the plant kingdom. In this study, we have used the X-Ray Fluorescence technology to analyz...
Le projet pluridisciplinaire RECOFFIE, mené conjointement par l’UMS PatriNat, le CBN-CPIE Mascarin et le Missouri Botanical Garden et plusieurs partenaires associés (Tableau 1), s’inscrit dans une thématique globale d’amélioration des connaissances de la biodiversité terrestre des îles Éparses. Un premier volet est dédié à la détermination fine de...
Les collections naturalistes ont désormais acquis une place inédite dans la recherche scientifique. Constituées à l’origine par la systématique et la taxonomie, elles se révèlent aujourd’hui fondamentales pour répondre à diverses questions scientifiques et sociétales, aussi importantes qu’actuelles.Les collections naturalistes dans la science du XX...
Les collections naturalistes ont désormais acquis une place inédite dans la recherche scientifique. Constituées à l’origine par la systématique et la taxonomie, elles se révèlent aujourd’hui fondamentales pour répondre à diverses questions scientifiques et sociétales, aussi importantes qu’actuelles.Les collections naturalistes dans la science du XX...
Les collections naturalistes ont désormais acquis une place inédite dans la recherche scientifique. Constituées à l’origine par la systématique et la taxonomie, elles se révèlent aujourd’hui fondamentales pour répondre à diverses questions scientifiques et sociétales, aussi importantes qu’actuelles.Les collections naturalistes dans la science du XX...
A broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions are represented in the French Overseas Territories, from sub-polar to equatorial, resulting in a high diversity of endemic species. We mobilized data from herbaria, floras, checklists, literature, the expertise of botanists and plant ecologists to compile the most complete dataset on endemic...
This chapter presents some results of recent research projects that are being developed in several herbaria around the world to identify new hyperaccumulating species, through elemental analysis of specimens by X-ray spectrometry. The first results generated, and in particular those obtained at the MNHN herbarium, demonstrate that herbaria represen...
Many endangered plant species suffer from the effects of ongoing fragmentation of their populations leading to a loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift. In addition, populations of rare plants may also be affected by hybridization with other plant species. We studied the genetic population structure of populations of the endangered Gladiol...
In plants, clonal propagation is a common reproductive strategy in parallel to sexual reproduction. It has both advantages and drawbacks, and the potential complete loss of sexual reproduction causes serious conservation concerns, especially because population maintenance then only relies on adult survival and low genetic diversity leads to decreas...
Natural History Collections allow tackling many questions in ecology and evolution, through the data provided by both the specimens themselves and the labels linked to the specimens, with rare advantages: data are real, spanned over time, checkable for accurate identifications, and the preserved physical objects make them not questionable. In parti...
The 11 French Overseas tropical island territories, located in three oceans (Atlantic, Indian and Pacific), harbored a high species and habitat diversity on small terrestrial areas. Indeed, these islands comprise 70% of the 17,947 endemic plant and animal species known in France on an area of only 4 % of the French nation. This “mega-biological” di...
We provide a quantitative description of the French national herbarium vascular plants collection dataset. Held at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, it currently comprises records for 5,400,000 specimens, representing 90% of the estimated total of specimens. Ninety nine percent of the specimen entries are linked to one or more images...
The rediscovery of Hibiscus fragilis DC. on Reunion Island confirms its endemicity on two islands of the Mascarene (Malvaceae). The rediscovery of a population of Hibiscus fragilis on Reunion Island removes the doubt expressed in the Mascarene about the origin of the species and more its type. This finding confirms that this species is endemic to b...
Due to land-use intensification, lowland and colline populations of many plants of nutrient-poor grasslands have been strongly fragmented in the last decades, with potentially negative consequences for their genetic diversity and persistence. Populations in mountains might represent a genetic reservoir for grassland plants, because they have been l...
Début 2013, les auteurs de cet article ont été conjointement sollicités par l’État pour
donner un avis sur la méthode de compensation des atteintes aux zones humides proposées
pour le projet d’aéroport du Grand Ouest à Notre-Dame-des-Landes en Loire-Atlantique. Cet
article fait état des réflexions consécutives à ce travail qui, au-delà du cas abord...
Début des années 2013, les auteurs de cet article ont été conjointement sollicités par l'Etat pour donner un avis sur la méthode de compensation des atteintes aux zones humides proposée par le projet d'aéroport du Grand Ouest à Notre Dame des Landes en Loire Atlantique. Cet article fait état des réflexions consécutives à ce travail qui, au-delà du...
Nutrient pollution presents a serious threat to biodiversity conservation. In terrestrial ecosystems, the deleterious effects of nitrogen pollution are increasingly understood and several mitigating environmental policies have been developed. Compared to nitrogen, the effects of increased phosphorus have received far less attention, although some s...
Reduction in the species richness of acid grasslands along a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has previously been demonstrated in the UK (Stevens, Dise, Mountford, Gowing, Science 303:1876–1879, 2004). Further surveys of acid grasslands in the UK confirm this relationship. This chapter reports an examination of the relationship acros...
Reduction in the species richness of acid grasslands along a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has previously been demonstrated in the UK (Stevens, Dise, Mountford, Gowing, Science 303:1876–1879, 2004). Further surveys of acid grasslands in the UK confirm this relationship. This chapter reports an examination of the relationship acros...
In Europe and, increasingly, the rest of the world, the key policy tool for the control of air pollution is the critical load, a level of pollution below which there are no known significant harmful effects on the environment. Critical loads are used to map sensitive regions and habitats, permit individual polluting activities, and frame internatio...
Arnica montana, a characteristic plant of nutrient-poor grasslands, has strongly declined during the last decades, particularly at lower altitudes. To gain insights into the underlying reasons for this decline, we recorded differences in size, stage structure and reproductive traits between 21 colline populations of A. montana in the Ardennes-Eifel...
The French overseas territories represent a broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions, from sub-arctic to equatorial, resulting in a richness, diversity and uniqueness of their floras that mirrors that of the global flora. These territories range widely in area (from small oceanic islands to large continental regions) and human populat...
The knowledge of the biology and ecology of threatened plant species, more specifically the methodologies used to collect, propagate and cultivate them, as well as the existing threats, are often poorly known worldwide. On La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean), local people, NGOs and conservation stakeholders, have conducted numerous actions for the rec...
Although the vascular flora of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, a French archipelago in North America, doesn't include any endemic species, it has a real biogeographical interest, linked to the existence of arctic-alpine plants at very low latitude and altitude and also of temperate area species occurring near the northern limit of their distribution rang...
Bien que la flore vasculaire de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, archipel français d’Amérique du Nord, ne comporte aucune espèce endémique propre à ce territoire, elle présente un intérêt biogéographique indéniable du fait de la présence d’espèces végétales arctico-alpines à des latitudes et altitudes très basses, ainsi que d’espèces des zones tempérées e...
Challenges for the conservation of threatened plants and natural habitats in French overseas territories. — The French overseas territories represent a broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions, from sub-arctic to equatorial, resulting in a richness, diversity and uniqueness of their floras that mirrors that of the global flora. These...
Although atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climate changes are both recognized as major components of global change, their interaction at ecosystem level is less well understood. A stratified resampling approach was used to investigate the potential impact of changing levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change on species com...
This data set consists of vascular plant and bryophyte species composition and plant and soil biogeochemical data from 153 acid grasslands located in the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe. Data were collected between 2002 and 2007. The grasslands all belong to the Violion caninae association and were managed by grazing or cutting but had not...
Many formerly common plant species of lowland grasslands have strongly declined in the last decades due to changes in land use practices. In contrast, traditionally managed mountain grasslands may still be important reservoirs for the conservation of plant diversity. We studied the structure and vegetation of 31 populations of the long-lived perenn...
Question: Which environmental variables affect floristic species composition of acid grasslands in the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe along a gradient of atmospheric N deposition?Location: Transect across the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe including Ireland, Great Britain, Isle of Man, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, No...
A survey of 153 acid grasslands from the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe indicates that chronic nitrogen deposition is changing plant species composition and soil and plant-tissue chemistry. Across the deposition gradient (2-44 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) grass richness as a proportion of total species richness increased whereas forb richness decre...
Evidence from an international survey in the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe indicates that chronic nitrogen deposition is reducing plant species richness in acid grasslands. Across the deposition gradient in this region (2-44 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) species richness showed a curvilinear response, with greatest reductions in species richness wh...
In order to study local adaptation within the framework of climatic warming scenarios, we conducted a common garden study with Arnica montana as a model species. We selected 21 populations both in lowland (Ardennes in Belgium, Eifel in Germany, altitude 500 m) and in mountain regions (Vosges in France, 1200 m). In each population, seeds from 20 ran...
In order to study local adaptation within the framework of climatic warming scenarios, we conducted a common garden study with Arnica montana as a model species. We selected 21 populations both in lowland (Ardennes-Eifel region, altitude 500 m) and low mountain regions (Vosges mountains, 1200 m). In each population, seeds from 20 randomly chosen mo...
Calla palustris, which is considered as a threatened plant species and is under protection in France, suffered during the 19TH and first half of the 20th centuries a strong decrease following wetland destruction in the Vosges Mountains, where this species possesses its only natural French locations. As a result, among the 18 locations discovered in...
We studied the population genetic structure of the endangered plant Gladiolus palustris Gaudin that occurs in the western part of its European distribution area in isolated populations and is threatened at the European level.
In western Indian Ocean, Reunion Island remains a hotspot for biological conservation. Such a biological value is mainly threatened by invasion of alien species. Knowledge of ecological consequences of exotic plant invasions has been assessed, in order to suggest guidelines withstanding a regional strategy for invasive plant management. Despite a s...
L’île de la Réunion présente un intérêt majeur pour la conservation des ressources biologiques dans l’ouest de l’océan Indien. Ce patrimoine biologique reste menacé au premier rang par les invasions d’espèces introduites. Un bilan des méthodes et des résultats relatifs aux études traitant de la connaissance des conséquences écologiques des invasion...