Serge Morand

• Ph.D.
• Directeur de Recherche CNRS at Kasetsart University

The COVID-19 pandemic spotlighted the One Health approach, notably with the international One Health High-Level Experts Panel jointly created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Organization for Animal Health, and the World Health Organization. These organizations decid...

Communication Leveraging Small Biodiversity Reserves to Prevent Zoonotic Disease: Insights from Dilution Effect and Pathogen Adaptation Theories Audrey Arnal 1,2,3, Rodolphe Elie Gozlan 4, Nathalie Charbonnel 5, Marie Bouilloud 1,5, Andrea Chaves 6,7, Manon Lounnas 1,2, Michel Gauthier-Clerc 8, Ana L. Vigueras-Galván 2,3, Céline Arnathau 1,2, David...

Context: Bats are the only mammals who have conquered the skies (Gunnell & Simmons, 2005; Thewissen & Babcock, 1992) and the leading mammals in terms of total biomass (Greenspoon et al., 2023) with the exception of domestic mammals. However, the ecology of bats is still a mystery, especially in poorly sampled regions such as Central Africa. Aims: W...

The present study describes the morphology and phylogenetic position of two specimens of Bertiella Stiles et Hassall, 1902 (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) from Rattus tanezumi (Temminck) (Muridae) from Đồng Tháp Province in southern Vietnam. The phylogenetic analysis was based on sequences of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S). The specimens we...

Forest cover has undergone significant changes accelerating over recent decades. Acari vectors such as ticks and chigger mites are intricately linked to forest ecosystems because of the suitable hosts and microclimates provided. However, the implications of forest cover change on Acari vectors and their pathogens remain poorly understood. This stud...

Bats play key roles in ecosystem functions and provide services to human populations. There is a need to protect bat populations and to mitigate the risks associated with pathogen spillover. Caves are key habitats for many bat species, which use them as roosting and breeding sites. Caves, bats and their guano also attract many other animals along t...

Bats play key roles in ecosystem functions and provide services to human populations. There is a need to protect bat populations and to mitigate the risks associated with pathogen spillover. Caves are key habitats for many bat species, which use them as roosting and breeding sites. Caves, bats and their guano also attract many other animals along t...

Humanity is facing an important existential threat—irreversible climate change caused by human activity. Until recently, most of the proposals to address climate change have downplayed or ignored the adverse impact of food systems, especially intensive animal agriculture. This is in spite of the fact that up to a third of global greenhouse gas prod...

Following the implementation of a camera trap‐monitoring protocol of interactions between cave bats and wildlife in the Republic of Congo, we identified sustained rusty‐spotted genet (Genetta maculata) activity in Boundou cave. This cave, consisting of a single chamber, is home to a colony of several species of insectivorous bats throughout the yea...

Simple Summary The ultrastructural study of spermatozoa in parasites such as the Digenea provides data that, like classical morphological features, biological data, and genetic characterization, can help achieve a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. In this context, the present study provides the first...

Simple Summary Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1886 is a parasite commonly found in rodents, primarily associated with the black rat Rattus rattus and the brown rat R. norvegicus, two global invasive rodent species, and the house mouse Mus musculus. This parasite originated probably from Asia, and has been reported in various rodent species, but molec...

Host–parasite interactions are influenced by present and past eco‐evolutionary interactions and the local environment. An ecological community defines the potential host range of each parasite and the potential parasite diversity of each host species. Past and present processes translate potential to realised interaction niches of parasite and host...

Ascoschoengastia indica is one of the dominant chigger species in Southeast Asia and a potential carrier of scrub typhus, due in part to its cosmopolitan nature. This study explored the possible biological significance of the observed dimorphism in the shape of its scutum sensilla. Sensilla are specialized structures that are generally adapted to p...

The global demand from multi-sectoral partners for operational tools for One Health implementation and capacity building is increasing, yet a validated global inventory of One Health tools did not exist. Here, we map and analyze available One Health tools and assess their suitability to support One Health implementation, including the One Health Jo...

The present study aims at clarifying the poorly known phylogenetic relationships and systematics of cestodes of the family Davaineidae Braun, 1900 (Cyclophyllidea), primarily the genus Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920 and of the subfamily Inermicapsiferinae (Anoplocephalidae) from mammals (mostly rodents, 31 new isolates) and birds (eight new isolates)....

Au cours des 25 dernières années, l’idée que les changements de biodiversité peuvent influencer le fonctionnement des écosystèmes a évolué d’une notion controversée à un concept pleinement accepté par les communautés scientifique et politique. Alors que ce domaine scientifique atteint sa maturité, il est temps d’évaluer les avancées réalisées, d’ex...

A survey of parasites was conducted on 258 Symphodus ocellatus (Teleostei: Labridae) collected in Corsica National Park (west Mediterranean). In addition, the total length, sex and social status were recorded for each individual fish. Three species of trematodes were found in the digestive tract. One of the parasites, Genitocotyle mediterranea, was...

The ectoparasite fauna of two damselfishes, Stegastes nigricans and Dascyllus aruanus, from Moorea Island in French Polynesia was investigated. Gills of these damselfishes were infected with congeneric Monopisthocotylea Monogenea belonging to the genus Haliotrema. Stegastes nigricans were found to harbour a guild of three Haliotrema species whereas...

Background Forest cover has undergone significant changes, which have accelerated over recent decades. Acari vectors such as ticks and chigger mites are intricately linked to forest ecosystems because of the suitable hosts and microclimates they provide. However, the implications of forest cover change and dynamics on acari vectors and their pathog...

Simple Summary The chigger mite Neoschoengastia gallinarum (Hatori, 1920) is a parasite that feeds on the skin tissue of birds across multiple countries in Southeast and East Asia. In domestic chickens, heavy infestations with this mite can lead to skin irritation and damage to the carcass, reducing economic value. In this study, we collected N. ga...

Two new chigger species, Leptotrombidium mondulkiri sp. nov. and Walchia keoseima sp. nov., and one new subspecies, Leptotrombidium pilosum cambodiensis subsp. nov., are described from Cambodia. Three species, Walchia lupella (Traub and Evans, 1957), W. micropelta (Traub and Evans, 1957), and W. kritochaeta (Traub and Evans, 1957), are for the firs...

The Spillover Interface Project aims at assessing the encounter of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans along a landscape gradient from a protected area to a residential community, through areas of reforestation and agricultural land. Here, we present the protocols of the project that combine virus screening in humans, bats, rodents and dogs with...

Background The One Health approach has been once again highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, notably with the One Health High-Level Experts Panel, created jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Organisation for Animal Health, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Health Organiz...

Land-use change, globalisation and climate change are rapidly altering wildlife-livestock-human interfaces, increasing the rate of disease emergence and spread. To combat these risks, land managers and policymakers at all scales are increasingly aligning their activities with the One Health framework: "an integrated, unifying approach that aims to...

The beginning of the 21st century was marked by an increase in the number of emerging/reemerging infectious diseases detected worldwide and by the challenging COVID-19 pandemic [...]

Background Chigger mites (Acari, Trombiculidae) cause trombiculiasis in terrestrial vertebrates worldwide and some species are also disease vectors. Neoschoengastia gallinarum is widely distributed in Asia, preferentially parasitising birds, and heavy infestations have clinical impacts on domestic fowl. In common with other trombiculid mites, the g...

The dietary preferences of most rodents, especially in tropical countries, are poorly known. In the tropics, rodent diversity can be high and several species can coexist in the same habitats. In order to better document the dietary habits of Southeast Asian murid and diatomyid rodents, we examined microwear patterns in 21 species, with a particular...

Wildlife communities are positively affected by ecological restoration and reforestation. Understanding the dynamics of mammal communities along a gradient of a human-dominated habitat to a protected habitats, right up to a reforestation habitat, is crucial for assessing the effects of reforestation on conservation biology and disease ecology. We u...

Humanity is now facing what may be the biggest challenge to its existence: irreversible climate change brought about by human activity. Our planet is in a state of emergency, and we only have a short window of time (7–8 years) to enact meaningful change. The goal of this systematic literature review is to summarize the peer-reviewed literature on p...

We present the first videos depicting the consumption of bats by rusty-spotted genets (Genetta maculata) inside a cave in the Republic of Congo. Following the implementation of a camera-trap monitoring protocol of interactions between cave bats and wildlife, we identified important genet activity in one of the caves in our study. Between 2022 and 2...

Biological invasions have increased significantly with the tremendous growth of international trade and transport. Hematophagous arthropods can be vectors of infectious and potentially lethal pathogens and parasites, thus constituting a growing threat to humans—especially when associated with biological invasions. Today, several major vector-borne...

A paleoparasitological investigation of a vertebrate coprolite from the Huai Hin Lat Formation (Upper Triassic) was carried out. Five morphotypes of potential parasite eggs or sporocysts were identified in the coprolite by microscopic analysis using thin section technique. The rounded or oval shape and thick shell of one of the five morphotypes sug...

The health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment are inter-dependent. Global anthropogenic change is a key driver of disease emergence and spread and leads to biodiversity loss and ecosystem function degradation, which are themselves drivers of disease emergence. Pathogen spill-over events and subsequent disease outbreak...

Human pressure on the environment is increasing the frequency, diversity, and spatial extent of disease outbreaks. Despite international recognition, the interconnection between the health of the environment, animals, and humans has been historically overlooked. Past and current initiatives have often neglected prevention under the One Health prepa...

Among emerging zoonotic pathogens, mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) circulate between vertebrate animals and mosquitoes and represent a serious threat to humans via spillover from enzootic cycles to the human community. Active surveillance of MBVs in their vectors is therefore essential to better understand and prevent spillover and emergence, especia...

Parasites are integral members of the global biodiversity. They are useful indicators of environmental stress, food web structure and diversity. Ectoparasites have the potential to transmit vector-borne diseases of public health and veterinary importance and to play an important role in the regulation and evolution of host populations. The interlin...

Parasites are integral members of the global biodiversity. They are useful indicators of environmental stress, food web structure and diversity. Ectoparasites have the potential to transmit vector-borne diseases of public health and veterinary importance and to play an important role in the regulation and evolution of host populations. The interlin...

This chapter provides an overview of the empirical evidence regarding the association between green space in general, and forests and trees in particular, and health outcomes. The evidence is organised by life stage, and within the three life stages – early life (Section 3.2.), adulthood (Section 3.3.) and the elderly (Section 3.4.) – by type of he...

The One Health approach has been once again highlighted during the covid-19 pandemic, notably with the One Health High-Level Experts Panel, created jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Organisation for Animal Health, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Health Organization (WHO)...

South-East Asian countries report a high prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESC-) and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (Col-R-Ec). However, there are still few studies describing the molecular mechanisms and transmission dynamics of ESC-R-Ec and, especially, Col-R-Ec. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and transmission dyna...

PurposeResearch on gill monogeneans of Characiform has made it possible to find two new species belonging to the genus Annulotrema. The purpose of this paper is to carry out their morphological description.Methods Specimens of Brycinus macrolepidotus were captured in the Nyong River at Akonolinga. Each monogenean was mounted between slide and cover...

Mots clés : zoonoses, propagation, réduction du risque, OHHLEP

This study uses the available data to explore the temporal and geographical patterns of infectious diseases and their links between human demography, human-induced land-use change, livestock and poultry expansion, and biodiversity loss. Over the last decades, the number of outbreaks of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases increased mostly in the inte...

Aujourd’hui, l’émergence de zoonoses est un phénomène des plus préoccupants. Avec les exemples récents du virus Ebola, des virus responsables des grippes aviaires, ou des coronavirus, cette menace s’intensifie et fait craindre des pandémies de la même ampleur que celle de la Covid-19. Dans cette synthèse, nous dressons l’état des connaissances sur...

Zoonotic emergence requires spillover from animals to humans, hence animal-human interactions. A lot has been emphasized on human intrusion into wild habitats (e.g., deforestation, hunting) and the development of agricultural and farming activities. However, the highly human-modified urban and peri-urban socio-ecosystems are also of great concern d...

Simple Summary Pyoderma is one of the most common diseases in dogs. The primary pathogen isolated from canine pyoderma is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, followed by Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans. With the emergence of a multidrug-resistant strain, namely, methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), topical antimicrobial therapy is enc...

Trypanosoma lewisi belongs to the so-called atypical trypanosomes that occasionally affect humans. It shares the same hosts and flea vector of other medically relevant pathogenic agents as Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague. Increasing knowledge on the population structure (reproductive mode, population size, dispersal) of this parasite thus repr...

Background: Scrub typhus is a leading cause of febrile illness in Laos and accounts for a high burden of disease. There have been no previous studies on the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi, in vector mites ("chiggers") or their small mammal hosts in Laos. Materials and Methods: Small mammals and free-living chiggers were trapped in district...

Surprisingly, most species on Earth are rare, meaning that they exist in small numbers, and only a few are common, meaning that they are abundant and widespread. Monitoring rare species is very important because they are more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. In addition, many rare species may have unique functions in ecosystems, that we st...

In March 2022, WHO, WOAH, FAO, and UNEP jointly advocated a rebalancing of the multiple components of One Health, explicitly including the notion of equity between sectors and disciplines, and a clearer ecological vision of the whole. Here we illustrate the vital need for this shift based on the multi-decadal experience of the authors in this field...

Urbanization is rapidly transforming much of Southeast Asia, altering the structure and function of the landscape, as well as the frequency and intensity of the interactions between people, animals, and the environment. In this study, we explored the impact of urbanization on zoonotic disease risk by simultaneously characterizing changes in the eco...

the data inferred from populations, infra-and component communities of parasites and the application of a macroecological approach in the analysis of complex and frequently hidden relationships in host-parasite systems. This comparative analysis draws on parasite data across regions and host species at different organizational (population vs. commu...

Over fifty years of global conservation has failed to bend the curve of biodiversity loss, so we need to transform the ways we govern biodiversity. The UN Convention on Biological Diversity aims to develop and implement a transformative framework for the coming decades. However, the question of what transformative biodiversity governance entails an...

Climate variability and anomalies are known drivers of the emergence and outbreaks of infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential association between climate factors and anomalies, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and land surface temperature anomalies, as well as the emergence and spillover events of bat-borne vi...

Parasites are important biotic components of ecosystems, but they are often neglected in biodiversity conservation. The presence of a species in a given area may be entirely dependent on the action of parasites. In invasive biology, a common observation is that species are able to cope with parasites in their native range. When introduced in a new...

Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using the One Health approach that includes humans, animals, food, and the environment has been recommended by responsible international organizations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMR phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species isolated from human...

In this study, we estimated exposure for Scrub typhus (STG), Typhus (TG) and Spotted fever groups (SFG) rickettsia using serology at a fine scale (a whole sub-district administration level) of local communities in Nan Province, Thailand. Geographical characteristics of the sub-district were divided into two landscape types: lowland agricultural are...

This chapter provides an overview of the biodiversity–health relationships that are either ignored, misunderstood, or misguided by modern infectious disease medicine and biology. It addresses the challenge by discussing the pivotal, but unsuspected, role of parasites and microorganisms in ecosystem functioning, stability, and resilience. The chapte...

The implementation of One Health/EcoHealth/Planetary Health approaches has been identified as key (i) to address the strong interconnections between risk for pandemics, climate change and biodiversity loss and (ii) to develop and implement solutions to these interlinked crises. As a response to the multiple calls from scientists on that subject, we...

Bartonella spp. are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria transmitted to humans via various blood-sucking arthropods. Rodents have been identified as reservoir hosts of several zoonotic pathogens, including Bartonella spp. In Thailand, studies of Bartonella spp. in rodents from urban areas are limited; thus, a study in this area is necessary. The objecti...

Rural areas usually show a higher prevalence of rickettsial infection than urban areas. However, information on the rickettsial infection status in urban settings (e.g., built-up areas and city parks) is still limited, particularly in the Bangkok metropolitan area. In this study, we performed a molecular rickettsial survey of spleen samples of smal...

Journaliste d’investigation et infatigable lanceuse d’alerte pour défendre les causes écologiques et sociales, on ne compte plus les livres et films documentaires de Marie-Monique Robin. En pleine épidémie de Covid-19, la lauréate du prix Albert Londres 1995 se devait bien sûr de mener l’enquête sur les causes des épidémies, retracée dans un livre...

Background Scrub typhus is an important neglected vector-borne zoonotic disease across the Asia–Pacific region, with an expanding known distribution. The disease ecology is poorly understood, despite the large global burden of disease. The key determinants of high-risk areas of transmission to humans are unknown. Methods Small mammals and chiggers...

Dans cet article, nous traitons de l’évolution des approches liant santé, environnement et écosystèmes, en partant d’une vision fixiste de l’environnement pour aller vers une vision dynamique de celui-ci. Les changements globaux en cours nécessitent, du fait de leurs impacts, de mettre en place des approches renouvelées à même de répondre aux nouve...

Leptospirosis is an endemic disease with moderate to high incidence in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. The present study was designed to assess the policy implementation mission regarding leptospirosis prevention and control from the national level to the local administrative levels, through a One Health perspective. A qualitative study was conduc...

Scientific journals should open their columns to in-depth analyses of all hypotheses. As scientists, we need to evaluate all hypotheses on a rational basis, and to weigh their likelihood based on facts and evidence, devoid of speculation concerning possible political impacts. Contrary to the first letter published in The Lancet by Calisher and coll...