Sercan Karakas

University of East London | UEL · Centre for Evolutionary Computing in Architecture (CECA)

This review aims to present age-related changes in the neuroelectric responses of typically developing children (TDC) who are presumed to meet developmental stages appropriately. The review is based on findings from the frequently used neuropsychological tasks of active attention, where attention is deliberately focused versus passive attention whe...

Background: The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is the third most popular verbal memory test and the tenth most frequently used neuropsychological test. The original scoring system of RAVLT does not differentiate stages of memory processing, but a recently developed composite scoring system has this potential. The objectives were to comp...

Objective: Neuropsychological, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological studies have reported a steady increase in the different attention types until the age of 10 years. Moreover, differences between healthy control (HC) boys and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) become nonsignificant in late childhood. This cross-secti...

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent diagnosis among children who are referred to psychiatry departments. Although ADHD was discovered at the beginning of the 20th century, its diagnosis is still confronted with many problems. Method: A novel classification approach that discriminates ADHD and nonADHD g...

We aim to review the historical evolution that has led to the study of the brain (body)-mind relationship based on brain oscillations, to outline and illustrate the principles of neuro-oscillatory dynamics using research findings. The paper addresses the relevant developments in behavioral sciences after Wundt established the science of psychology,...

Karakas, Sirel (Dogus Author) -- Dogutepe, Elvin (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: Proceedings of the 18th World Congress of Psychophysiology (IOP2016) of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (IOP) Havana, Cuba August 31st to September 4th, 2016.

Aims: Several studies indicate the similarity between the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study hypothesized that prenatal exposure to ethanol (EtOH) can be used as an animal model of ADHD in Wistar rats. Methods: At the first stage of the study, alcohol was delivered to the pregnant d...

Objective: Research and development studies of Boston Naming Test (BNT) which assesses naming ability has not been completed in Turkish samples. The main purpose of the present study is to construct a Turkish form for BNT. In line with this purpose, it is aimed to identify the items which are named consistently; to reveal the effects of age, educat...

Objective: The present study aimed to demonstrate the psychometric robustness of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) on Turkish samples. In the context of the test’s normalization, the study first aimed to show the effect of the demographic variables (age, education and sex) on learning, recall (free recall, recognition) and interference score...

Objective: To demonstrate the applicability of the Kaufman factors and Bannatyne categories to samples of Turkish children; and to test the validity of the Kaufman factors, which are specifically used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Bannatyne categories, specifically used in specific learning disability (SLD). Method: Study...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a neuropsychometric battery for the differential diagnosis of specific learning disability (SLD), with specific respect to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to help resolve the conflicting results in the literature by an integrative utilization of scores on both the Bannatyne ca...

This study aimed to discover the relationship between parental self-reports of ADHD symptoms and the diagnosis of ADHD in offspring, to demonstrate the extent to which parental ADHD symptoms predict ADHD diagnosis in offspring, to examine the contribution of adult ADHD scales to ADHD diagnosis, and to provide findings on the psychometric utility of...

We aimed to test the effect of prescan training and orientation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to investigate whether fMRI compliance was modified by state anxiety. Subjects included 77 males aged 6-12 years; there were 53 patients in the ADHD group and 24 partici...

This study examined ADHD symptoms based on brain function and determined the correlation between them and clinical scale scores. The sample used in the initial phase of the study consisted of a total of 232 young adults (158 female, 74 male) within the age range of 17 to 25 years (M = 20.11 +/- 1.60). These participants were all university students...

Background and Purpose The relationship between contingent negative variation (CNV), which is an event-related potential, and cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been examined previously. The primary objective of the present study was thus to determine the association between CNV and cognition in a sample of MS patients. Methods The subje...

In comparison to healthy children, cases with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) score lower at subtests of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). According to the research hypothesis, the lower scores in subtests of WISC-R originate from disordered attentional processes. Sample (age range: 72-149 months) included 1...

Existing batteries for FMRI do not precisely meet the criteria for comprehensive mapping of cognitive functions within minimum data acquisition times using standard scanners and head coils. The goal was to develop a battery of neuropsychological paradigms for FMRI that can also be used in other brain imaging techniques and behavioural research. Par...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six months of treatment with long acting methylphenidate (concerta) on neuropsychological functions such as intelligence, selective attention, attention set shifting, resistance to interference, speed of information processing and multimodal short term memory, and the response to tr...

Objective: Conners Rating Scale (CRS) is frequently used as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our objective was to study the contribution of CRS to ADHD diagnosis and to show the characteristics on which group (ADHD; control) and DEHB subtype differentiation is based. For this, findings on CRS we...

Behavioral rating inventory and laboratory tests measure different aspects of executive functioning in boys: a validity study Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the correspondence between an ecological test of everyday behavior and laboratory tests of executive functions (EF) and to analyze whether the prior can be used in the diagn...

This study was aimed to further our investigations on the high frequency components of human visual evoked potentials (VEP). By using stimulations in the form of optic step functions, we measured (Cz-ear lobe) VEPs with 512 real data points in a total recording time of 20.48 msec in normal adults (N = 12). The peaks in the transient evoked potentia...

Event-related potentials (ERPs) have high temporal resolution, but insufficient spatial resolution; the converse is true for the functional imaging techniques. The purpose of the study was to test the utility of a multimodal EEG/ERP-MRI technique which combines electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a simultaneously h...

Localization of the sources of event related potentials (ERP) is a challenging inverse problem, especially to resolve sources of neural activity occurring simultaneously. By using an effective dipole source model, we propose a new technique for accurate source localization of ERP signals. The parameters of the dipole ERP sources are optimally chose...

Resolving the sources of neural activity is of prime importance in the analysis of event related potentials (ERP). These sources can be modeled as effective dipoles. Identifying the dipole parameters from the measured multichannel data is called the EEG inverse problem. In this work, we propose a new method for the solution of EEG inverse problem....

The aim of the present study was to analyze electrophysiological activity associated with the Stroop effect. The sample included 50 healthy volunteer adults (23 female and 27 male) from the university population. Stimulation, recording and analyses were carried under NeuroScan 4.2 hardware-software system. The effect of the experimental variables (...

This study investigated the presence of sub-clinical cognitive dysfunction in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and the abnormalities of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs). Subclinical cognitive dysfunction was assessed in 20 patients with CIS and in 20 healthy controls. Patients had impairments in verbal learning and long-ter...

Objective: The Mangina-Test is a very useful neuropsychometric tool for the diagnosis of varying degrees of Learning Abilities and Disabilities (LD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbid ADHD with LD. This test measures "Analytical-Specific Visual Perceptual Skills" and renders detailed information on the capacity for judgin...

Although neurologic outcome after cardiac surgery is well-established, neurocognitive functions after beating heart mitral valve replacement still needs to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive functions in patients who underwent beating heart mitral valve replacement on cardiopulmonary by...

The aim of this study was to examine meta-systems of cognition and their development,and the pattern of relationships between types of information processing, executive functions, mental ability, and level of cognitive development in children. The sample consisted of 80 healthy children (39 female and 41 male). Meta-cognition was measured with the...

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between tests of attention and to obtain information on the structure of this process. Methods: The sample consisted of 83 (45 women, 38 men) healthy, young adult volunteers. Different types of attention were measured using those neuropsychological tests that had previously been standa...

The goal of the study was to investigate the contribution of the delta and theta responses to the peaks on the event-related potential waveform and specifically to find the possible cognitive correlates of these oscillatory responses in rapid eye movements (REM) sleep and Stage 2 (spindle sleep), Stage 3 (light sleep) and Stage 4 (deep sleep; slow...

The aim of this study was to examine the specific aspects of attention, such as selective attention, sustained attention, and short-term memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined subtype (ADHD-C). A total of 40 children with a diagnosis of ADHD from the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, aged 6-11...

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive deficits that accompany different levels of severity of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The sample originally consisted of 71 adult male volunteers with at least 11 years of education. Participants were assigned to groups based on their apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Ther...

The goal of the study was to investigate the gamma response of the brain and its functional correlates in rapid eye movements (REM) sleep and the three stages of non-REM sleep. Data on overnight sleep were acquired from 16 healthy, young adult, volunteer males. Neuroelectric activity was recorded from seven recording sites (Fz, Cz, Pz, F3, F4, P3,...

The aim was to investigate whether gender is a causative factor in the gamma status according to which some individuals respond with time-locked, early gamma response, G+, while the others do not show this response, G-. The sample consisted of 42 volunteer participants (between 19 and 37 years of age with at least 9 years of education). There were...

The paper presents gedankenmodels which, based on the theories and models in the present special issue, describe the conditions for a breakthrough in brain sciences and neuroscience. The new model is based on contemporary findings which show that the brain and its cognitive processes show super-synchronization. Accordingly, understanding the brain/...

The present article presents a nonexhaustive collection of contemporary models and theories on brain function and discusses these models and theories within a framework of explanatory formulations in behavioral cognitive psychology. Such a mission was accomplished by evaluating the cognitive implications in the explanatory formulations with respect...

Clinical studies have shown that performance on the serial digit learning test (SDLT) is dependent upon the mesial temporal lobes, which are responsible for learning and its consolidation. However, an effective SDLT performance is also dependent upon sequencing, temporal ordering, and the utilization of mnemonic strategies. All of these processes a...

The study investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive processes in healthy, naturally postmenopausal women. Participants were 64 volunteer postmenopausal women (27 in HRT, 37 in non-HRT group). Groups were matched for age, level of education and postmenopausal period. Duration of HRT was more than 12 months. Cognitive...

Sensitization development is linked to the addictive potential of the drugs. The same mechanisms might play a role in sensitization development to the different addictive drugs. The aim of the study was to investigate the development of cross-sensitization to caffeine and amphetamine in nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. Caffeine (2....

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether the alpha oscillation in the auditory event-related activity of the brain can be explained using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Methods: The sample consisted of 17 (11 males, 6 females), right-handed, healthy, volunteer participants. Event-related activit...

In the detection of the existence of the early gamma response, subjective methods have been used. In this study, an automated gamma detection technique is developed based on the features obtained from the time-frequency representation of the EEG signal in the gamma frequency band. The technique easily discriminates the gamma response existing and n...

Currently, event-related potential (ERP) signals are analysed in the time domain (ERP technique) or in the frequency domain (Fourier analysis and variants). In techniques of time-domain and frequency-domain analysis (short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform) assumptions concerning linearity, stationarity, and templates are made about the bra...

Cognitive brain responses to external stimuli, as measured by event related potentials (ERPs), have been analyzed from a variety of perspectives to investigate brain dynamics. Here, the brain responses of healthy subjects to auditory oddball paradigms, standard and deviant stimuli, recorded on an Fz electrode site were studied using a short-term ve...

Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in both acute effects of addictive drugs and development of dependence to them. We investigated the role of NO in nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization. The effects of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, and a combination of a NO precursor L-arginine and L-NAME on nicotine-induc...

Satisfactory neurologic outcome following aortic arch repair through right brachial artery perfusion is well established. However, how neurocognitive functions are affected following selective cerebral perfusion, still needs to be elucidated. In a period between April 2002 and March 2003, 22 patients (19 male, 3 female, with a mean age of 46.8 +/-...

The present report describes the dynamic foundations of long-standing experimental work in the field of oscillatory dynamics in the human and animal brain. It aims to show the role of multiple oscillations in the integrative brain function, memory, and complex perception by a recently introduced conceptional framework: the super-synergy in the whol...

Brain emits electrical signals in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) and oscillations (ERO). These are time- and frequency-domain responses of the brain to stimuli. The present study obtained both the ERP (N100, N200, P300) and the ERO (delta, theta, alpha, gamma) components from healthy young adults to the conditions of a series of standa...

The goal of this study was to investigate whether early, time-locked 'sensory' gamma band response is correlated with a set of scores derived from neuropsychological tests. Neuroelectric responses were obtained under active auditory oddball paradigm. Of 67 reportedly healthy adults, 35 displayed time-locked early gamma, G (+), and 24 did not, G (-)...

This paper presents superbinding, a concept that represents integrative oscillatory dynamics over the time and space axes. Principle of superposition describes integration over the temporal axis; selectively distributed and selectively coherent oscillatory neural populations describe integration over the spatial axis. Integrative activity is a func...