Semagn Mekonen

• Assistant professor in anesthesia at Wollo University

This is the supplementary information for the paper "Characterising Acute and Chronic Care Needs: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019" published in Nature Communications. The document provides complementary study results, presented as supplementary figures and tables. The list of contributors is also included.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global B...

Although iron deficiency is well documented, less is known about dietary involvement in symptomatic iron deficiency manifesting in medical conditions. In this study, we quantified the global burden of dietary iron deficiency, focusing on where inadequate dietary iron intake leads to clinical manifestations such as anemia. We analyzed data from the...

Although iron deficiency is well documented, less is known about dietary involvement in symptomatic iron deficiency manifesting in medical conditions. In this study, we quantified the global burden of dietary iron deficiency, focusing on where inadequate dietary iron intake leads to clinical manifestations such as anemia. We analyzed data from the...

Background: Post-cesarean pain is among the major problems with an incidence of 25.5 to 80%. Despite its simplicity, the effectiveness of wound infiltration with a mixture of bupivacaine and tramadol is still unknown. Therefore this study aims to compare the analgesic effectiveness of wound infiltration with bupivacaine versus a combination of bupi...

Background Malnutrition is a major public health issue, causing significant mortality and morbidity, especially in developing nations. However, the magnitude and its impact on clinical outcomes in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients need to be investigated better in Sub-Saharan Africa, and this study was intended to address these issues. Objective...

Despite national efforts, gaps persist in Ethiopian perioperative care. This reflexive thematic analysis aimed to investigate the contextual challenges faced in delivering perioperative care. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare professionals, including anesthetists, nurses, and surgeons, to gain a frontline perspective of perioper...

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Body of evidence revealed that the epidemiologic estimates are currently disproportional due to differences in patient populations, risk factors, resources, and practice protocols around the world, and the rate of mor...

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health issue, causing significant mortality and morbidity, especially in developing nations. However, the magnitude and its impact on clinical outcomes in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients need to be investigated better in Sub-Saharan Africa, and this study was intended to address these issues. Objective:...

Perioperative outcomes of Emergency laparotomy in Ethiopia

Background Previous Ethiopian literature on surgical capacity and challenges has focused on quantitative investigations, lacking contextual understanding. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods research (MMR) aimed to assess perioperative capacity and contextual challenges at three teaching hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods A quantitative...

Background Postoperative pain has a huge impact to the patients, families, healthcare practitioners, and healthcare delivery. Pain management with opioid-based analgesics and blind techniques have certain limitations, and ultrasound-based regional analgesia necessitates resources and experience, but ketamine wound infiltration is innovative with fe...

Background Worldwide, emergency laparotomy is frequently performed surgery. It is a resource-intensive surgical procedure with high morbidity and mortality rates even in the best healthcare systems. Poor postoperative outcomes predispose patients to prolonged recovery, increased length of stay, and worsened clinical status. However, pieces of evide...

Purpose Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Body of evidence revealed that the epidemiologic estimates are currently disproportional due to differences in patient populations, risk factors, resources, and practice protocols around the world, and the rate of mortal...

Background Post-cesarean pain is among the principal problems with an incidence rate ranging from 25.5 to 80%. A variety of pain managing approaches have been used over the years, to manage post-cesarean pain, but none of them were free of adverse effects. Wound infiltration is a simple and feasible approach to managing post-cesarean pain. Despite...

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of health loss due to premature mortality and long-term disability. We aimed to report on the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for SCI from 1990 to 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors S...

Background Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after tissue trauma is frequent and may have a long-lasting impact on the functioning and quality of life. The development of CPSP increases the burden on both the patient and the community. This review aims to systematically review articles and, lastly, pull an evidence-based guideline for CPSP managemen...

Objective This analysis is to present the burden and trends of morbidity and mortality due to lower respiratory infections (LRIs), their contributing risk factors, and the disparity across administrative regions and cities from 1990 to 2019. Design This analysis used Global Burden of Disease 2019 framework to estimate morbidity and mortality outco...

Background Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability (YLDs). We present the most up-to-date global, regional, and national data on prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. Methods Population-based studies from 1980 to 2019 identified i...

Background: Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability (YLDs). We present the most up-to-date global, regional, and national data on prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. Methods: Population-based studies from 1980 to 2019 identified...

Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both suscept...

Unlabelled: Globally, emergency laparotomy is a frequently performed type of surgery with high morbidity and mortality rates, even in the best healthcare systems. There is limited knowledge regarding the outcome of emergency laparotomy performed in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess perioperative mortality and its predictors among patients undergoin...

Background The global mortality rate of patients with MV is very high, despite a significant variation worldwide. Previous studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa among ICU patients focused on the pattern of admission and the incidence of mortality. However, the body of evidence on the clinical outcomes among patients with MV is still uncertain. O...

The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and its mortality among children decreased globally over the years. However, the incidence, mortality, and its determinants are heterogeneous globally. The current study was designed to investigate the incidence of OHCA, mortality, and its determinants based on a systematic review of published...

Access the full text version of the article here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanrhe/article/PIIS2665-9913(23)00098-X/fulltext

Background: Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both suscep...

Background Nowadays, malnutrition among the advanced age (60 years and older) population is becoming a public health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries including Africa. Hence, the prevalence in Africa is still not known. So, this review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition among the advanced age population in...

Background Postoperative pain after a cesarean section has negative consequences for the mother during the postoperative period. Over the years, various postoperative pain management strategies have been used following cesarean section. Opioid-based analgesics and landmark approaches have negative side effects, while ultrasound-based regional analg...

Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territor...

Introduction Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are a common post-operative problem in anesthesia. The incidence of PONV in patients undergoing cesarean sections is very high. Post-operative nausea and vomiting have many negative impacts on the patient, baby, family, and health care system. Therefore, appropriate evidence-based knowledge reg...

Background The body of evidence showed that perioperative cardiac arrest and mortality trends varied globally over time particularly in low and middle-income nations. However, the survival of children after cardiac arrest and its independent predictors are still uncertain and a topic of debate. This study was designed to investigate the mortality o...

Background In Ethiopia, household Out-Of-Pocket healthcare expenditure accounts for one-third of total healthcare expenditure, is one of the highest in the world, and still creates barriers and difficulties for households to healthcare access and may delay or forgo needed healthcare use. Despite the presence of a few highly dispersed and inconsiste...

Background: Inadequately managed postoperative pain after cesarean section has a number of consequences to the mother in the postoperative period. Different postoperative pain management modalities have been practiced after cesarean section over the years. The opioid based analgesics and land mark techniques have undesirable consequences, regional...

Background Substance uses were seen in 18–25 years old age groups who are more than 40% world population, from which Africa was the region with the highest proportion accounting 60% in 2016. This review aimed to assess the burden of substance abuse among students in Ethiopia. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline; Science...

Background Post-Dural Puncture Headache is the commonest complication of spinal anesthesia. Body of evidence revealed that Conservative management failed to show significant benefit and epidural needle and catheter techniques didn’t provide conclusive evidence. On the other hand, intrathecal injection of normal saline is a simple technique and cost...

Background The body of evidence showed that there is a strong correlation between acute myocardial Injury and COVID-19 infection. However, the link between acute myocardial infection and COVID-19, the prevalence, reliability of diagnostic modalities, independent predictors, and clinical outcomes are still uncertain and a topic of debate. The curren...

Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 5 million and lost the lives of more than 300 thousand people globally. It is the first-ever deadly pandemic with a significant degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large. Therefore, this Meta-Analysis aims to assess the global prevalence and determinants of men...

Background: Post-Dural Puncture Headache is the commonest complication of spinal anesthesia. Body of evidence revealed that Conservative management failed to show significant benefit and epidural needle and catheter techniques didn’t provide conclusive evidence. On the other hand, intrathecal injection of normal saline is a simple technique and cos...

Background The burden of life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care units has grown substantially in low-income countries related to an emerging pandemic, urbanization, and hospital expansion. The rate of ICU mortality varied from region to region in Ethiopia. However, the body of evidence on ICU mortality and its predictors is uncertain....

Background The challenge of COVID-19 is very high globally due to a lack of proven treatment and the complexity of its transmission. The prevalence of in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 was very high which ranged from 1 to 52% of hospital admission. The prevalence of mortality among intensive care patients with COVID-19 was very hig...

Background Malnutrition is inevitable in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its effect on the gastrointestinal system, immune system, and high metabolic activity. However, the prevalence of malnutrition and its outcomes is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and outcome of malnutrition among patients with...

Background Postoperative delirium is a recent health problem among the elderly which is associated with delayed functional recovery, longer hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality, and incurs a significant financial cost. Body of evidence is lacking on the global prevalence of postoperative delirium and its determinants. Therefore, this s...

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of mortality and disability in young age populations, particularly in children and adolescents. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of TBI among trauma patients in Ethiopia. Methods: A three-stage search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Med...

Objectives. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a very challenging condition that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This review was intended to evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of glucocorticoid treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Method. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Cochran...

Abstract Background: Over-nutrition and diet-linked non-communicable morbidities are showing increasing trend overtime. Even if there are different factors that affect the change in BMI other than ART, several authors have reported increases in BMI among PLHIV on treatment that are equal to or surpass the general population. This study is aimed to...

Background preeclampsia is very challenging for anesthetists due to the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of the disease characterized by hypertension, risk of hypotension, high risk of aspiration, and difficult airway. Therefore, the Meta-Analysis is intended to provide evidence on maternal and neonatal outcomes of preeclamptic parturient. Methods...

Background: The burden of life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care unit has grown substantially in low-income countries related to an emerging pandemic, urbanization, and hospital expansion. The rate of ICU mortality is varied from region to region in Ethiopia. However, body of evidence on ICU mortality and its predictors is uncertain....

Background: preeclampsia is very challenging for anesthetists due to the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of the disease characterized by hypertension, risk of hypotension, high risk of aspiration, and difficult airway. Therefore, the Meta-Analysis is intended to provide evidence on maternal and neonatal outcomes of preeclamptic parturient. Methods:...

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common postoperative unpleasant and distressful experience among major abdominal gynecological surgery with incidences of up to 54% and 71% vomiting &nausea respectively. PONV is primarily occurs within 24 h can lead to significant morbidity, unexpected hospital admission of surgical outpatients by...

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic puts perioperative providers and staff at risk of viral exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during aerosol-generating procedures, particularly in asymptomatic carriers.However, the perioperative risk for adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients...

Background. Coronavirus causes serious health problems worldwide including increased mental health burden to the society at large scale and particularly the healthcare providers. Understanding the immediate mental health and psychological response of the healthcare providers after a public health emergency is important for implementing better preve...

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic puts perioperative providers and staff at risk of viral exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during aerosol-generating procedures, particularly in asymptomatic carriers. However, the perioperative risk for adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patient...

Background: Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is too challenging globally especially for low and middle-income countries in which the limping health care system is broken with low testing capacity, sub-optimal postoperative care, lack of anesthesia machine filters, and limited personal protective equipment. Body of evidence is lacking on the pre...

Background: Injury has become a life threatening community health problem associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of injury in Dilla University Hospital. Methods: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to June 2019. Data was colle...

Abstract Background: Traumatic Brain Injury is the common cause of mortality and disability in the young age populations particularly in children and adolescents. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury among trauma patients in Ethiopia. Methods: A three-stage search strat...

Background Cancellation of operation on the intended day of surgery affects the efficiency of Operation Room which incurs a significant financial loss for the patient, hospital, and health care cost of a country at large. This systematic and Meta-Analysis was intended to provide evidence on the global prevalence and determinants of case cancellatio...

Background The rate of ICU admission among patients with coronavirus varied from 3% to 100% and the mortality was as high as 86% of admitted patients. The objective of the systematic review was to investigate the rate of ICU admission, mortality, morbidity, and complications among patients with coronavirus. Methods A comprehensive strategy was con...

Abstract Introduction: Patients after major gynecologic surgeries experience moderate to severe pain, which needs pharmacological intervention. Different regional blocks are now a days introducing as components of multimodal analgesia for pain management. Even though transversus abdominis plane block and paravertebral block were described for post...

Background Fascia iliaca compartment nerve block is used for open reduction and internal fixation surgery of femoral fracture. Though dexamethasone is added to peripheral nerve block to increase analgesia efficacy but its effect on fascia iliaca is not known. Method A randomized control trial conducted in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specializ...

Background Preoperative anxiety, otherwise managed preoperatively, can cause high rate of cardiac mortality, adverse effects during anesthetic induction and patient recovery which correlate with high postoperative pain, increased analgesic and anesthetic consumption, prolonged hospital stay, poor quality of life decrease satisfaction with periopera...

Background: Preoperative anxiety, otherwise managed preoperatively, can cause high rate of cardiac mortality, adverse effects during anesthetic induction and patient recovery which correlate with high postoperative pain, increased analgesic and anesthetic consumption, prolonged hospital stay, poor quality of life decrease satisfaction with perioper...

Background: Anesthesia and analgesia for surgeries to the upper extremity are commonly provided using the brachial plexus block. Tramadol and fentanyl are used to fasten the onset and prolong the duration of the axillary brachial plexus block, but their relative efficacy is not well established. Methodology: The study was conducted on 63 patients w...

Background: The Coronavirus belongs to large groups of viruses that cause serious health problems including the mental health of the society particularly the health care providers. Understanding the mental health response after a public health emergency might help health care providers and communities to prepare for a population's response to a dis...

Background Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a very challenging critical illness in ICU with high morbidity and mortality worldwide.The review was intended to provide evidence on the effectiveness of Glucocorticoid treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome Method A comprehensive search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Med...

Background: Injury becomes life threatening community health problem associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Road traffic accident is the most commonly encountered trauma and the leading cause of death and disability from injuries in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology and outcomes of injury in Ethio...

Hypotension during spinal Anesthesia is the most common complication with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Low dose bupivacaine with intrathecal fentanyl is recommended as strategy to prevent spinal Anesthesia induced hypotension and related complications. The aim of this systemic review is to evaluate the efficacy of low dose bupivac...

Background: Women’s empowerment in health care decision has been recognized as an important dimension to their access to reproductive health service and for better maternal and child health outcomes. However, the effect of women’s empowerment on achievement of their ideal number of children remains relatively unexplored in the context of Ethiopia....