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Publications (103)
Geological, geochronological and isotopic data are integrated in order to present a revised model for the Neoproterozoic evolution of Western Gondwana. Although the classical geodynamic scenario assumed for the period 800–700 Ma is related to Rodinia break-up and the consequent opening of major oceanic basins, a significantly different tectonic evo...
The crystalline basement of Uruguay was assembled during the Brasiliano Orogeny in the Neoproterozoic Era and was later affected by discrete tectonic activity. A new multi-method low-temperature dataset including (U–Th)/He ages from both zircon and apatite, T–t modelling and K–Ar dating of fine sericite fractions and fault gouge reveal a detailed p...
New structural, microstructural and geochronological (U-Pb LA-ICP-MS, Ar/Ar, K-Ar, Rb-Sr) data were obtained for the Dom Feliciano Belt in Uruguay. The main phase of crustal shortening, metamorphism and associated exhumation is recorded between 630 and 600 Ma. This stage is related to the collision of the Río de la Plata and Congo cratons at ca. 63...
U–Pb and Hf zircon (SHRIMP and LA–ICP–MS), Ar/Ar hornblende and muscovite, and Rb–Sr whole rock–muscovite isochron data from the mylonites of the Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone, Uruguay, were obtained in order to assess the tectonothermal evolution of this crustal–scale structure. Integration of these results with available kinematic, structural and mic...
The Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone, as a boundary between the Piedra Alta and Nico Pérez terrains, is a key piece for the tectonic configuration of Uruguay. Various proposals have attempted to establish the chronology of its first phase of deformation, although differences in the interpretation of the geochronological data, often not rigorous, have allo...
This work presents new K-Ar and XRD illite data of Middle Jurassic sedimentary sequences (i.e., Mount Flora and Camp Hill formations) of the Antarctic Peninsula, providing a thermal evolution for the Mesozoic tectonic history of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent regions. Samples of the Camp Hill Formation at Camp Hill Peninsula/Botany Bay yielde...
Microbialites are organosedimentary structures dating to the Precambrian that serve as archives of Earth s environmental evolution. Today, they persist in only a few environments markedly different from those in which they first arose. Here, we report a modern microbialite reef in Laguna Pozo Bravo (Puna region, Argentina), exposed to high radiatio...
La Unidad Campanero, aflorante en la región sureste de Uruguay en los departamentos de Maldonado y Lavalleja, constituye el basamento metamórfico del extremo sur del cinturón orogénico neoproterozoico Dom Feliciano. La litología predominante de esta unidad corresponde a ortogneises, en los cuales las edades U-Pb en circón de 1,7 Ga se han interpret...
Naturstein-Bauwerke aus der Jungsteinzeit vor über 11000 Jahren gehören zur ältesten monumentalen Architektur der Menschheit. Die ägyptischen Pyramiden, die Akropolis in Athen, Pyramiden und Tempel der Maya, die römische Steinkunst und die Burgen und Kirchen des Mittelalters bestehen aus Naturstein. Ohne zu übertreiben lässt sich sagen, dass ein gr...
Collection of pdf of publications by Bernhard Schulz and Co-authors dealing with Geology of the Eastern Alps
The geologic evolution of the Gondwanide orogen recorded during the late Palaeozoic along the Panthalassan border of Gondwana is related to an active continental margin, though it is still debatable whether it was built by collision or accretion. To disentangle its orogenic processes and provide constraints on the orogen type, we characterize the p...
Transtension is a fundamental process for the development of hydrothermal ore deposits, since it allows the required extension and dilatancy for hydrothermal fluid circulation and resulting ore mineralization. Transtension operates at multiple scales and, therefore, is not only relevant for deposits linked with extensional tectonics but also for th...
The Devonian to early Carboniferous western margin of Patagonia (South America) includes a NW-SE-trending magmatic arc associated with a palaeo NE-dipping subduction zone. Along the Andean region of southern Patagonia, the Eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex (EAMC) developed in a forearc position, consisting of a succession of very low- to low-grade...
Subduction zone magmatism plays a crucial role in driving the exchange of chemical elements between Earth's interior and surface. This survey focuses on the compositional analysis of primitive mafic rocks within an ancient Early Palaeozoic subduction-related magmatic belt. The primary objective is to assess the petrological processes involved in th...
In this contribution, we present new early middle Devonian igneous and metaigneous units with a major juvenile magmatic source input in the North Patagonian Massif, which were discovered through U‐Pb and Lu‐Hf zircon analyses. Afterward, we assessed their tectonic implications for northwestern Patagonia and then for southern South America, combinin...
This work aims discussing the contribution of environmental and technological factors in rock art painting preservation, based on a 3-year experimental program and two archaeological cases from Patagonia (South America). Concerning technological factors, microscopic information of experimental and archaeological contexts indicate that fine-grained...
New geological, structural, microstructural, and K-Ar biotite and illite geochronological data of igneous-metamorphic rocks exposed in the Cuesta de Rahue Basement Inlier are presented to reconstruct the Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic tectonometamorphic and magmatic history of northwestern Patagonia. This block comprises a medium-grade metasedimentary...
New whole-rock geochemical and detrital zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf data of metasedimentary sequences of the Silvretta Nappe, Orobic Alps, Strona-Ceneri Zone, Gotthard Massif and Venediger Nappe are presented. These units seem to share a common early to middle Paleozoic geological record, which has alternatively been interpreted as the result of intrapla...
This work deals with the study of Gondwanide ductile shear zones developed in Neoproterozoic–middle Cambrian basement rocks of the Ventania System and possibly related to the reactivation of the Sierra de la Ventana Shear Zone. This reactivation was caused by the northeastward migration of the Gondwanide deformation from the North Patagonian Massif...
The concepts of progressive and polyphase deformation have been widely applied by structural geologists to explain complexly deformed rocks, particularly for ductile conditions. Interpreting complex structural patterns as the result of progressive deformation is mainly based on structural and kinematic evidence, applying the Ockham's razor principl...
Some recent models challenge the position and extension of the assumed oceanic basins formed through the break-up of Rodinia, and the tectonic processes involved in the Gondwana assembly, making the investigation of the Early Neoproterozoic
record of great relevance. Within the South-American Atlantic margin, the Punta del Este Terrane (PET) of the...
This Editorial is based on the recent advances presented in the Special Issues related to tectonics across South America, released in the last three years. Its objective is to display the intense work focused on different lines of research of the Andean and Pre-Andean tectonic field and also to summarize key aspects extracted from these volumes in...
Abstract
New whole-rock geochemical and coupled U–Pb and Lu–Hf LA-ICP-MS zircon data of metasedimentary rocks of the Austroalpine,
South Alpine and Penninic basement domains are presented, to disentangle the pre-Variscan tectonic evolution
of the proto-Alps. The studied units seem to record distinct stages of protracted Late Ediacaran to Carbonifer...
Siegfried Siegesmund (Hg.) Armenien ist die erste christliche Nation. Sie hat ein bedeutendes Schrifttum und eine eigenständige Architektur hervorgebracht. Die ältesten Kirchen stammen aus dem 4. Jahrhundert und auch in den entlegensten Bergregionen finden sich Klöster. Diese mittelalter-lichen Akademien erklären den hohen Stellenwert und die lange...
Coupled U–Pb and Lu–Hf LA-ICP-MS detrital and igneous zircon data were obtained from metasedimentary sequences (Kaserer Formation, Schmirntal Quartzite, Seidlwinkel Formation, Bündnerschiefer Basin, Riffler Basin) of the western Tauern Window (Eastern Alps). Results show maximum deposition ages between the Late Permian and the Triassic, indicating...
INTRODUCTION: The Punta del Este Terrane is an enigmatic piece within the evolution of southwest Gondwana, and the ambiguities regarding its crustal signature allowed correlations of this block with adjacent and dissimilar domains. The Neoproterozoic pre-Ediacaran evolution of the terrane is marked by two main episodes: a large tonalitic-granodiori...
The Punta del Este Terrane is an enigmatic piece within the evolution of southwest Gondwana, and the ambiguities regarding its crustal signature allowed correlations of this block with adjacent and dissimilar domains. The Neoproterozoic pre-Ediacaran evolution of the terrane is marked by two main episodes: a large tonalitic-granodioritic Tonian mag...
The amalgamation of southwestern Gondwana during the late Neoproterozoic Brasiliano/Pan-African orogenic cycle involved the tectonic interaction of the Congo, Kalahari and Rio de la Plata cratons, together with numerous smaller basement fragments scattered throughout South America. A comprehensive review of U-Pb and Lu-Hf spot analyses in zircon pr...
Southern South America hosts a vast geologic record of Precambrian to Paleozoic geodynamic and tectonic processes, particularly related to the assembly and crustal growth of Western Gondwana (Fig. 1). The largest cratonic block is represented by the Paleoproterozoic Río de la Plata Craton, though further crustal blocks of mainly Archean to Paleopro...
Quartz segregations in paragneisses from the Paleozoic basement of the North Patagonian Andes contain highly saline multiphase fluid inclusions with the rare daughter mineral ferropyrosmalite detected by Raman analysis, besides halite, sylvite, hematite, and/or magnetite. During heating experiments, L-V homogenization occurs (256–515 °C), followed...
In the last decade, several models have been proposed to explain the location and geometry of the southern margin of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Río de la Plata Craton. However, these topics and the regional distribution of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sedimentary cover of the craton are still widely debated. This contribution presents a 3D litho-...
New whole-rock geochemical and coupled U–Pb and Lu–Hf LA-ICP-MS zircon data of metasedimentary rocks of the Austroalpine, South Alpine and Penninic basement domains are presented, to disentangle the pre-Variscan tectonic evolution of the proto-Alps. The studied units seem to record distinct stages of protracted Late Ediacaran to Carboniferous tecto...
New isotopic and geochemical data for the Paleo- Meso- and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary cover of the southern Dom Feliciano Belt (Brasiliano/Pan-African) are presented and evaluated combined with published information. Whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry indicates that the dominant source for all the units was the upper continental cr...
Vein-type gold occurrences are found along the western margin of the Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano Belt (Uruguay) and its Archean to Proterozoic basement. The “El Tarumán” gold prospect is related to quartz veinschosted in dolomitic marble, which is part of the Cebollati Complex, metamorphosed in amphibolite facies. The quartz veins formed in fold h...
In this contribution, we present the stratigraphy of the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Taquetrén Range, a sector located in the southernmost margin of the North Patagonian Massif (42°42′ 00′′ S - 69°30′00′′ W). Its igneous and metamorphic basement is composed of the newly defined “Lagunita Salada Igneous-Metamorphic
Complex” (LSIMC), “Paso d...
Minerals for the dead: gypsum and hematite in pre-hispanic burials of southern Patagonia.
The present work aims to analyze the mineralogy and geochemistry of the ochre associated with human remains of about 3800 years old, located in a cave of the Pali Aike volcanic field (Santa Cruz). Raman spectroscopy shows a clear presence of gypsum and hemat...
Argon geochronology of white mica has a good potential of recording recurrent dynamic recrystallization in shear zones in the transition from ductile to brittle deformation, as temperature ranges for mineral crystallization and isotopic closure of different grain-size fractions overlap between ca. 275–425 °C. This study presents over 40 K-Ar ages o...
The present work analyzes Raman spectra of red, white, and black experimental paintings manufactured according to archeological and ethnographical data from Patagonia (South America), in order to provide reference patterns to better understand ancient signatures of rock art. Methodological insights are also presented, evaluating pitfalls and advant...
Early Paleozoic accretionary orogens dominated the Western Gondwana margin and were characterized by nearly continuous subduction associated with crustal extension and back-arc basin development. The southwestern margin is represented by Famatinian and Pampean basement realms exposed in South America, both related to the protracted Paleozoic evolut...
The present work aims at understanding the composition and source of the red rock art pigments used by hunter-gatherer groups during the late Holocene in southern Patagonia (southernmost South America), by combining micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) and Raman spectroscopy. In the first place, μXRF geochemical data do not reveal any significant compos...
The southeastern coast of South America is an example of the complexity of passive continental margins, as it displays both high- and low-elevation segments despite sharing a similar pre-rift geological history and structural configuration. As such, it is a prime candidate for investigating debated questions concerning the evolution of passive marg...
Combined field structural analysis with in situ electron probe microanalysis Th‐U‐Pb monazite dating, petrologic, and microstructural data provides a reconstruction of the pressure‐temperature‐deformation‐time (P‐T‐D‐t) path of the Gondwanide basement of the North Patagonian Cordillera. For samples from the Challhuaco hill, the timing of developmen...
Accretionary orogens have been largely recognized along the Western Gondwana (i.e., Africa and South America) margin during the entire Paleozoic. In the case of southwestern Gondwana, Paleozoic subduction along the proto-Pacific margin gave rise to the Terra Australis Orogen, which is well-recorded in southwestern South America and southernmost Afr...
New geochronological, isotopic and geochemical data were obtained from the late Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic magmatic units of the Nico Pérez Terrane (Uruguay). A U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon age of 1768 ± 11 Ma confirms the Statherian age for the Illescas rapakivi intrusion, being thus comparable with the age of the Campanero Unit felsic orthogne...
The Dom Feliciano Belt developed during the Brasiliano–Pan-African orogenic cycle due to the tectonic interaction between the Rio de la Plata, Congo and Kalahari cratons, along with the amalgamation of smaller continental fragments. Together with its prolongations to the south, the Major Gercino Shear Zone constitutes one of the main lineaments of...
Shear zones play a major role in the deformation of the crust at a variety of scales, as expressions of strain localization during orogeny and rifting, and also as reactivated structures. They influence the geometry and evolution of orogenic belts and rifts, crustal rheology, magma ascent and emplacement, and fluid flow. Consequently, assessing the...
The evolution of the Paleozoic Claromecó Basin is intimately related to contemporaneous tectonic events in the Sierras Australes and Patagonia (Argentina). These deformation and tectonomagmatic processes record, in turn, the evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana during the Paleozoic, which is still controversial and has been alternativel...
A combined fluid inclusion and microstructural study was carried out in beryl crystals from the San Cayetano Nb-Ta-bearing pegmatite (San Luis, Argentina). Primary aqueous-carbonic fluids (T0) were subsequently re-trapped during shearing, resulting in en-échelon microfractures. The more brittle behaviour of beryl compared to quartz makes this miner...
New U–Pb and Lu–Hf detrital zircon data together with whole-rock geochemical and Sm–Nd data were obtained for parag- neisses of the Austroalpine basement south of the Tauern Window. Geochemically immature metasediments of the North- ern–Defereggen–Petzeck (Ötztal–Bundschuh nappe system) and Defereggen (Drauzug–Gurktal nappe system) groups contain z...
Cu-Au skarn deposits of the mining district of Santa María de La Paz are located in the Sierra del Fraile, in the northern part of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Samples of four different intrusions and their related skarn deposits were taken underground, in order to obtain whole-rock and mineral geochemical data. U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon data indicate crys...
The Nico Pérez Terrane of Uruguay and southeastern Brazil is characterized by an important component of Archean crustal growth and extensive post-Archean crustal reworking recorded in Paleoproterozoic zircon magmatic crystallization ages in widely distributed granitic orthogneisses. Supracrustal blocks of an older Neoarchean to Siderian sedimentary...
The Kalahari Craton comprises all Archean to Mesoproterozoic rocks of southern Africa, which are surrounded by Pan-African orogenic belts that resulted from the amalgamation of Gondwana. Progressive crustal growth and accretion of minor crustal blocks is recorded during the Archean and also involved reworking of Hadean crustal remnants, suggesting...
Why this book?
Our understanding of the Earth during the Precambrian has dramatically changed during the last decades. Discussions concerning the onset of plate tectonics, the supercontinent cycle and crustal growth processes have also diversified, with deep implications for Precambrian geodynamics. For this reason, this book presents an updated sy...
The Nico Pérez Terrane of Uruguay and southeastern Brazil is characterized by an important component of Archean crustal growth and extensive post-Archean crustal reworking recorded in Paleoproterozoic zircon magmatic crystallization ages in widely distributed granitic orthogneisses. Supracrustal blocks of an older Neoarchean to Siderian sedimentary...
Crustal-scale shear zones are ubiquitous in most Brasiliano–Pan-African belts of southwestern Gondwana and they resulted from the assembly of the Río de la Plata, Congo and Kalahari cratons. In the Dom Feliciano Belt, the Sierra Ballena-Dorsal do Canguçu-Major Gercino shear zone system and Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone are the most prominent structures...
This book focuses on the geological evolution of Southwest (SW) Gondwana and presents state-of-the-art insights into its evolution. It addresses the diachronic assembly of continental fragments derived from the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent later amalgamated to build SW Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition, which on a glo...
This paper presents low-temperature thermochronological data and K‑Ar fault gouge ages from the Sierra de San Luis in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas in order to constrain its low-temperature thermal evolution and exhumation history. Thermal modelling based on (U-Th)/He dating of apatite and zircon and apatite fission track dating point to the Middle...
El objetivo de la presente contribución es establecer una comparación desde el punto de vista textural/estructural de dos unidades que componen la Formación Mamil Choique (Ravazzoli y Sesana 1977): los granitoides Sierra del Medio (GSM) y la granodiorita foliada Paso del Sapo (GPS, Pankhurst et al. 2006).
This paper discusses new structural, kinematic and geochronological data from polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag ± Au) vein-type deposits hosted in the metamorphic basement of the southern Sierras de Córdoba. A
Carboniferous age was established for the hydrothermal event between ∼329-315 Ma (Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian) by the K/Ar fine-fraction...
Abstract
This paper presents low-temperature thermochronological data and K‑Ar fault gouge ages from the Sierra de San Luis in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas in order to constrain its low-temperature thermal evolution and exhumation history.
Thermal modelling based on (U-Th)/He dating of apatite and zircon and apatite fission track dating point to...
Systematic 40Ar/39Ar feldspar data obtained from the Sierras Pampeanas are presented, filling the gap between available high- (>~300 °C) and low-temperature (<~150 °C) thermochronological data. Results show Silurian–Devonian exhumation related to the late stages of the Famatinian/Ocloyic Orogeny for the Sierra de Pocho and the Sierra de Pie de Palo...
In the southern Central Andes, the Andean foreland was deformed due to Neogene shallowing of the Nazca slab beneath the South America plate. In this 27–33º S Pampean flat-slab segment, the N-trending Argentine Precordillera transpressional fold-and-thrust belt and the Sierras Pampeanas broken foreland developed as a consequence of inward migration...
New U–Pb and first Hf data were obtained from the Nico Pérez and Piedra Alta terranes as well as from the Congo Craton. Results indicate that the Nico Pérez Terrane was mostly built during Archean episodic crustal growth and this crust underwent significant Paleo- and Neoproterozoic crustal reworking at ca. 2.2–2.0, 1.7 and 0.6 Ga. The Piedra Alta...
Available and new palaeomagnetic data reveal transpressional deformation in the Argentine Precordillera fold and thrust belt contemporaneous with Juan Fernández ridge subduction. Localized changes in the orientation of palaeomagnetic directions indicate a vertical axis rotation pattern linked to local, oblique brittle-ductile shear zones that overp...
The Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone is a crustal-scale shear zone that separates the Piedra Alta Terrane from the Nico Pérez Terrane and the Dom Feliciano Belt in southern Uruguay. It represents the eastern margin of the Río de la Plata Craton and, consequently, one of the main structural features of the Precambrian basement of Western Gondwana. This she...
Analogue models combining different sets of preexisting structural weaknesses were developed to understand their evolution during regional ~ENE shortening. Strain analysis of simulations was performed with the GEODEF 1.1 software, a tool that allows to quantify deformation in plan view on the basis of displacement fields. Results showed up that reg...
Keywords Dom Feliciano Belt · Brasiliano · Neoproterozoic · Transpression · Western Gondwana · Río de la Plata Craton
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