Sean Lauderdale

University of Houston - Clear Lake | UHCL

Over 6,300 United States’ military veterans commit suicide annually, prompting the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to implement numerous strategies to identify at-risk veterans, including artificial intelligence (AI). Although the VHA has relied heavily on machine learning, generative AI (GAI) has not been assessed to determine if it can facil...

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We examined gender bias and public stigma expressed by generative artificial intelligence apps for women and men with Borderline Personality Disorder.

We assessed if generative artificial intelligence would BPD symptoms similarly in young and older adults. We also assessed gender differences across gender and age.

In this investigation, we will assess GAI's ability to identify female orgasmic disorder in heterosexual and lesbian women. We will also assess GAI's ability to detect emotional distress in women with FOD. As GAI is known to show gender and sexual bias, we will also assess if GAI will demonstrates bias in identification of FOD in lesbian women. Fin...

We assessed generative artificial intelligence app's knowledge about Diogenes Syndrome, or Self-Neglect Syndrome.

In this investigation, AI's ability to detect risk for PTSD, such as moral injury from combat experiences, is being investigated. Various GAI are asked to review a vignette of a character experiencing a potentially morally injurious experience. Following, the GAI are asked to identify any mental health and risks a veteran may experience. After a br...

We assessed if AI would show gender bias and public stigma for women and men veterans with combat-related PTSD.

Aversive indecisiveness is a trait-like, threat-based cognitive style associated with decision-making that is correlated with risks for and symptoms of anxiety and depression. By contrast, procrastination is the intentional delay of making a decision or pursuing a course of action despite expecting negative outcomes. In past research, the terms ind...

We assessed generative AI's recognition of Borderline Personality Disorder in a woman or man. We also assessed GAI's reactions and public stigma for a woman or man with BPD. GAI's reactions were compared to a large sample (N = 480) mental health care providers. Results revealed that GAI were better at recognizing BPD than mental health care provide...

We assessed the ability of generative AI to use a risk assessment model to identify acute and chronic risks of suicide in veterans. We also assessed generative AI's treatment recommendations based on risk level. Generative AI's risk ratings were compared to human mental health care providers' ratings. Comparison were also made across generative AI...

We assessed ChatGPT-4's recognition of PTSD symptoms and recommendations for evidence-based treatment compared to human participants. We also assessed public stigma ChatGPT-4 may have for military veterans.

This is a paper proposed for a symposium at the 2024 annual convention of ABCT. In this paper, we assess ChatGPT-4's ability to detect combat-related PTSD in women and men veterans. We also assessed and compared ChatGPT-4's knowledge of risks, symptoms, and evidence-based treatments for PTSD to humans. Finally, ChatGPT-4's public stigma for veteran...

We assessed prediction of publc stigma for a Black man veteran who had been sexually assaulted during the Vietnam War era.

We assess public stigma for veterans experiencing either PTSD or PTSD + TBI.

Introduction Data from the US and other countries indicate substantial numbers of people rely on the internet to find health and mental health related information (50-80%; Calixte et al., 2020; Montagni et al., 2016; Pretorius et al., 2019). Advances in internet search capabilities, such as artificial intelligence (AI), will likely increase the num...

We examine the distinction between aversive indecisiveness and procrastination.

Introduction Recent surveys (Efthymiou et al., 2020; Teles et al., 2022) indicate that 80-90% of caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders use the internet to find information about these disorders and caregiver health. Advances in internet search capabilities, such as artificial intelligence (AI), will likely increase the...

Given the uncertainty about ChatGPT's information about mental health conditions, we compared ChatGPT output about ADHD to expert-written, online fact sheets published by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) using text analysis tools to assess narrative content and characte...

In this investigation, information provided by ChatGPT-3 about Borderline Personality Disorder is compared to two expert written and peer-reviewed fact sheets available on the internet.

In this investigation, we compare ChatGPT-3's responses about combat-related PTSD to an expert written, peer-reviewed fact sheet available on the internet. We used text analysis tools to compare content and readability characteristics between ChapGPT-3 and the fact sheet.

In this investigation, we compare ChatGPT-3 Output About Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) to expert written web pages and fact sheets. We use text analysis tools to compare content and readability between ChatGPT-3's output and the web pages/fact sheets.

OpenAI released the web-based ChatGPT in November 2022. Considered a chatbot, or a computer program that simulates human speech, ChatGPT uses algorithms to construct text responses mimicking human language, delivering search responses in narrative form (Ramponi, 2022). Besides providing basic responses to queries, ChatGPT will also answer follow-up...

Students with disabilities received fewer disciplinary removals during COVID-19 online learning.

Background Using an experimental study, we examined the link between state moral elevation and stigmatic beliefs surrounding male veterans with military sexual trauma (MST). Methods Undergraduate students were presented with a video or written narrative of a male veteran self-disclosing how they struggled with and overcame MST ( n = 292). Particip...

We present preliminary data on a scale assessing reintegration experiences for veterans transitioning from military to civilian roles.

We examined if parental status was a predictor of PTSD or depression in military service members returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom.

We assessed the association between perceived moral injury and public stigma for veterans with PTSD who described engaging in violence during combat.

This investigation evaluated public stigma for police officers experiencing either work-related stress or PTSD.

Predicting Manifestation Determination Outcomes from Educators’ Perceived Racial Stereotypes

Assessed if manifestation knowledge and perceived student intentionality was associated with manifestation determination review decisions and decision confidence.

This investigation examined disciplinary removals by specific disability categories (SLD, ED, and AU) to determine which student population experiences the greatest number of suspensions/expulsions across the United States.

We assessed if a veteran acting violently and morally injurious during combat would experience more public stigma for PTSD than a veteran who did not.

Older adults’ mental health needs are often unmet across care settings (e.g., primary or residential care) for a variety of reasons, such as mental health stigma and mental health care professionals’ lack of awareness of age-related changes in mental disorders. Screening, when coupled with access to evidence-based interventions, is effective at ide...

In this investigation, we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on the Revised Indecisiveness Scale with a large sample (N = 500) of undergraduate students. Our results supported a two-factor structure consisting of Aversive Indecisiveness (RIS-AI) and Positive Attitudes Towards Decision-Making (RIS-Positive). RIS-AI was strongly r...

Participants completed measures of empathy and perception of veterans' contributions to society. Afterwards, they were randomized to read one of two vignettes. In the first vignette, the veteran described explicit involvement in killing enemy combatants and his resulting PTSD symptoms. In the second vignette, the veteran's role in killing enemy com...

Examined disciplinary removals in Texas in rural and urban school districts by race.

No investigations have fully evaluated the range of public stigma for United States’ military veterans with combat-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Previous investigations have also focused exclusively on men and have not included women veterans, who have been increasingly exposed to combat in recent military operations, are at higher...

In this investigation, we assess public stigma for a woman veteran describing her military sexual trauma and resulting PTSD. Participants watched either a video of the veteran or read a transcript of her video. Participants who watched the video reported wanting to avoid the veteran less than participants who read the transcript. Empathy and belief...

This poster describes a regional Veterans Court program.

Provides preliminary findings for a jail-based psychotherapeutic program for incarcerated veterans.

In this study, we assess public stigma for a Latina who develops PTSD following either a drive by shooting or a racially motivated shooting. We also assess if Latina/o cultural beliefs about mental health are associated with public stigma and treatment acceptability. Finally, we compare beliefs about causes of mental health disorders and mental hea...

In this poster, we present data on a project in which we assessed if different time perspectives and thought content (e.g., thinking about past emotions/events, present emotions/events, or future emotions/events) would predict depression beyond variance explained by the looming cognitive style and probability overestimation. The results clearly dem...

In this poster, we present data on a project in which we assessed if different time perspectives and thought content (e.g., thinking about past emotions/events, present emotions/events, or future emotions/events) would predict anxiety beyond variance explained by the looming cognitive style and probability overestimation. The results clearly demons...

We assess stakeholder appraisal of items assessing reintegration experiences of active duty service members' reintegration into civilian roles.

Surveys indicate about 2% of male US military service members experience sexual trauma, although it is commonly accepted that this figure is likely an under-estimate. Although a robust literature indicates that male sexual trauma survivors are often blamed for their sexual assault, research has yet to examine stigma for a male US military service m...

Using a large sample (N = 500), we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the factor structure of the Revised Indecisiveness Scale. We compared the resulting model to other models identified from the literature, including a one-factor model and Spunt et al.'s (2009) two-factor model.

We evaluated a modified Aversive Indecisiveness scale, which was found to predict risks for and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Older adults are especially prone to anxiety if they are unable to keep pace with technological advances and are generally more technophobic than their younger counterparts. Older adults tend to limit their use of technology, if not avoid it altogether, such as using a smartphone for calls and text messages only, while eschewing more advanced funct...

We compared stigma for men and women with CR-PTSD who had various degrees of control over their circumstances. We also assessed how well beliefs about the causes of mental disorders, empathy, beliefs about gender based social roles, and familiarity with veterans predicts public stigma for men and women veterans.

We compare public stigma for men veterans with combat related (CR) PTSD+mTBI to men veterans with CR-PTSD only.

We developed a new veterans reintegration scale that assess positive and negative beliefs about military experiences and reintegration into civilian roles.

Indecisiveness is defined as a maladaptive trait resulting in difficulty making decisions across time and situations. Indecisiveness is positively correlated with measures of anxiety, worry, and depression and has been listed as a symptom of Major Depressive Disorder for decades. Indecisiveness is also a distinguishing cognitive process associated...

Objectives: One major obstacle to the diagnosis and treatment of specific phobias in later life is the lack of assessment tools that are relevant to the fears of older adults. This study investigated the utility of five reliable subscales (Blood/Injury, Agoraphobia, Aggression, Animal/Insect, Social Fears) derived from the Fear Survey Schedule-III,...

Reviews screening measures that meet select pragmatic and evidence-based assessment criteria for anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and substance misuse in older adults. Recommendations for resources and assessment of older adults are also briefly discussed.

We assess the prediction of behavioral intention to seek information or use of an antidepressant by instrumental/affective attitudes about antidepressants, perceived behavioral control of obtaining an antidepressant, DTCA exposure, and DTCA skepticism. We also assess change in attitudes and behavioral intentions after exposure to a nationally telev...

We assess prediction of lntolerance of Uncertainty, Looming Cognitive Style, depression, and anxiety symptoms by aversive indecisiveness.

Using a large sample (N = 475), we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with the Indecisiveness Scale (Frost & Shows, 1993; Rassin et al., 2007). Unlike previous results (e.g. Spunt et al., 2009), we found two factors encompassing aversive indeciveness and positive views about decision-making. Aversive indecisiveness was found to...

We identify pragmatic measures (developed with older adult samples, easy to download, and minimal burden to complete, score, and interpret) for screening depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and substance misuse in older adults.

Results Participants were 262 undergraduate men and women (n = 116) attending a Midwestern regional university who participated to earn course credit. Participants had an average age of 20 years (SD = 3.7 years), mostly identified as white (72%), and had an average of 13 years of education (SD = 2.13 years). Other participants' racial/ethnic identi...

In this investigation, we assess public stigma for women and men veterans with combat-related PTSD. We expand on our previous work (Caldwell & Lauderdale, 2018) by assessing how participants' empathy, attitudes towards gender roles, and etiological beliefs about the causes of mental illness may be associated with stigma. Additionally, we assess how...

We found that aversive indecisiveness significantly predicted neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, depression, self-consciousness, worry, experiential avoidance, and multiple other forms of avoidance over avoidant indecisiveness.

Investigation of public stigma for women and men veterans with combat-related PTSD

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder most notable for its motoric symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity). Although cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depression are also widely reported in PD, there is limited research addressing these symptoms. Current interventions are almost exclusively targeted toward motor sy...

We found that a man veteran with combat-related PTSD experienced more stigma related beliefs, emotions, and behaviors than a woman veteran with combat-related PTSD. We also found that familiarity with veterans was associated with less stigma.

In this investigation, the distinction between Aversive Indecisiveness and Purposeful Procrastination was investigated by examining their relationships with Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and facets associated with these personality domains.

Evaluated the relationship between aversive indecisiveness, anxiety, and dimension of uncertainty (inhibitory and prospective)

Evaluated the relationships between the dimensions of the looming cognitive style and worry, GAD symptoms, and anxiety.

Evaluated the relationship between depressive symptoms, familiarity with depression, and beliefs about causes of depression with attitudes and intentions to use antidepressant medications. Also compared was the relative effect of viewing an antidepressant commercial or a public service announcement about depression on attitudes and intentions to us...

Assessed the mediation of aversive/avoidant indecisiveness and worry by intolerance of uncertainty and the looming cognitive style.

The co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms, often referred to as mixed anxiety and depression, is a familiar clinical picture to clinicians in outpatient and primary care settings. This entry reviews the prevalence and challenges of the mixed diagnosis in older populations, evaluation and assessment techniques, and treatment options, alon...

Intolerance of uncertainty and the looming cognitive style mediated the relationship between attention control and multiple forms of avoidance, including worry.

Assessed how participants’ beliefs about the causes of depression may be associated with attitudes and intention to use antidepressants before and after seeing a televised direct to consumer advertisement for venlafaxine.

Neuroticism was found to partially mediate the relationship between attention control and multiple forms of avoidance, including worry.

Morin and Espie's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 8-session, evidence based manual for sleep disturbance, entitled, Insomnia: A Clinical Guide to Assessment and Treatment was piloted with a small group of older adults (N=5) living in a residential care facility for the elderly (RCFE) who suffered from mild cognitive impairment. Sleep disturbanc...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas Tech University, 2002. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-259).

Developed an alternative measure of the looming cognitive style and evaluated this measure’s psychometric properties.

Because stresses associated with long-term care settings may exacerbate distress and aggression related to past trauma, we investigated self-report and staff reports of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and staff observations of verbal and physical aggression in 32 elderly males who were patients in a long-term care unit for veterans. Feelings...

Data are presented on a preliminary study investigating the efficacy of 2 distance-based psychosocial interventions (N = 32) for male family dementia caregivers. Male caregivers were randomly assigned to either a basic education intervention (ie, educational booklet and biweekly check-in telephone calls) or a video intervention (ie, set of 10 video...

The frequent comorbidity of anxiety and depression, particularly among elderly, is widely recognized by clinicians, but the debate continues as to whether the combined diagnostic designation is merited. This article reviews the debate over the mixed diagnosis, discusses treatment implications, and reviews a small treatment study undertaken with eld...

Recent epidemiologic surveys indicate that anxiety disorders in older adults are more common than previously believed. Despite this, knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics of anxiety disorders in elderly patients is emerging slowly. In addition, detection of anxiety symptoms in elders is complicated by several factors, including a confoun...

Male caregivers' experiences inpsychoeducational groups remain relatively unexplored. Presented is the experience of recruiting and implementing psychoeducational groups for caregiving men based on a cognitive-behavioral model designed to teach skills for managing distressful emotional reactions resulting from caregiving (e.g., anger, depression)....

The growth of the geriatric population and the emergence of managed care dictate new approaches to dementia care. Management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical issue for health care policy as well as quality of life for patients and caregivers. The Alzheimer's Disease Education Program (ADEP) seeks to improve the quality of care for individu...