Scott Mishler

Old Dominion University | ODU · Department of Psychology

Objective. We investigated secondary-task-based countermeasures to the vigilance decrement during a simulated partially automated driving (PAD) task, with the goal of understanding the underlying mechanism of the vigilance decrement and maintaining driver vigilance in PAD. Background. Partial driving automation requires a human driver to monitor t...

The performance of a driving automation system (DAS) can influence the human drivers' trust in the system. This driving-simulator study examined how different types of DAS failures affected drivers' trust. The automation-failure type (no-failure, takeover-request, system-malfunction) was manipulated among 122 participants, when a critical hazard ev...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to play an increasingly important role in future transportation systems as a promising means of improving road safety and efficiency by eventually replacing human-driven vehicles. Semi-autonomous vehicles (semi-AVs; SAE Level 2 and Level 3) feature automatic lateral and longitudinal control of the vehicle with...

Automated Driving Systems (ADS), like many other systems people use today, depend on successful Artificial Intelligence (AI) for safe roadway operations. In ADS, an essential function completed by AI is the computer vision techniques for detecting roadway signs by vehicles. The AI, though, is not always reliable and sometimes requires the human’s i...

Antiphishing aid systems, among other automated systems, are not perfectly reliable. Automated systems can make errors, thereby resulting in false alarms or misses. An automated system's capabilities need to be communicated to the users to maintain proper user trust. System capabilities can be learned through an explicit description or from experie...

Objective The present study investigated the design of spatially oriented auditory collision-warning signals to facilitate drivers’ responses to potential collisions. Background Prior studies on collision warnings have mostly focused on manual driving. It is necessary to examine the design of collision warnings for safe takeover actions in semi-au...

Phishing email attacks are a prevalent threat to internet users. Users often ignore or otherwise disregard automated aids, even when the aids’ reliability is high. The current study sought to fill a gap in the literature by examining the effects of anthropomorphism, feedback, and transparency information on user trust and performance within the dom...

Background Emails have become an integral part of our daily life and work. Phishing emails are often disguised as trustworthy ones and attempt to obtain sensitive information for malicious reasons (Egelman, Cranor, Hong, 2008;). Anti-phishing tools have been designed to help users detect phishing emails or websites (Egelman, et al., 2008; Yang, Xio...

We examined how drivers’ response to automation warnings could improve driver performance by testing the traditional direct-response method against a new indirect-response method. A direct response, for which drivers manually take over control of the car after hearing the warning and seeing the scenario, was compared to an indirect response, for wh...

How the human user trusts and interacts with an automation system is influenced by how well the system capabilities are conveyed to the user. When interacting with the automation system, the user can obtain the system reliability information through an explicit description of the reliability or through experiencing the system over time. The term de...

The present study examined the effect of stimulus valence on two levels of selection in the cognitive system, selection of a task-set and selection of a response. In the first experiment, participants performed a spatial compatibility task (pressing left and right keys according to the locations of stimuli) in which stimulus-response mappings were...

Human trust in automation is widely studied because the level of trust influences the effectiveness of the system (Muir, 1994). It is vital to examine the role that the people play and how they interact with the system (Hoff & Bashir, 2015). In the decision-making literature, an interesting phenomenon is the description-experience gap, with a typic...

Warnings are integral to ensuring the safe operation of a vehicle. The use of auditory alerts and warnings has the potential to alleviate drivers' workload, increase drivers' situation awareness, and facilitate efficient and safe driving. The present study assessed the ability of individuals to react to auditory warnings. The warnings took the form...