Sayani Bhattacharyya

Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy · Department of Pharmaceutics

Background: Bedaquiline, a potent antitubercular drug used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains, suffers from low oral bioavailability, a slow onset of therapeutic action, and side effects. This investigation proposes the development of nanocarriers for the drug to improve drug release and estimate its effect on oral absorption through a...

Nonlinear Oharmacokinetics

Pharmaceutical regulatory processes and approvals

Multicompartment model

Emtricitabine (FTC) a BCS class I drug, is used for HIV prevention. The high solubility of the drug is the leading cause of severe hepatotoxicity and lactic acidosis. This research focuses on the use of modified pullulan for the preparation of polymeric liposomes of FTC. Modified pullulan was synthesized using cholesterol, and succinic anhydride in...

Aim/Background: According to estimates, about a billion people in the world have fungal infections of the skin, nails, and hair. Skin disorders are a significant contributor to disability, deformity, and misery among people. In the present study, a versatile vesicular delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride through the dermal route in a biocompatible...

Loratadine is an efficacious, non-drowsy antihistaminic molecule prescribed for allergic skin. The conventional oral dosage form is associated with various side effects, limited and variable absorption. The present study attempts to improve the effectiveness of the drug by formulating a niosome loaded hydrogel of loratadine for treating allergic sk...

Complex diseases require safe and effective delivery of drugs at the target site with improved physicochemical properties of drug mainly solubility and permeability. Pharmaceutical scientists have researched a vast number of controlled, targeted, and novel therapies using the concept of matrix release, nanotechnology, or a hybrid system. In recent...

Loratadine is an efficacious, non-drowsy antihistaminic molecule prescribed for allergic skin. The conventional oral dosage form is associated with various side effects, limited and variable absorption. The present study attempts to improve the effectiveness of the drug by formulating a niosome loaded hydrogel of loratadine for treating allergic sk...

Background: The liposomal inhalation of drugs has been extensively researched for the invasion of biofilms and macrophages in the infected lungs. Objective: The present study aimed to explore the in vitro and in vivo effects of surfactant-based nano-lipid vesicles of aztreonam for pulmonary delivery. Methods: Surfactant-based nano lipid vesicl...

Lumefantrine, exhibits poor bioavailability due to its very low solubility. A liquisolid compact of lumefantrine was prepared with mesoporous silica as a novel coating material. Lactose anhydrous and syloid 244FP were selected as carrier and coating materials respectively. Varying the carrier to coating ratio from 10-35, six formulations were prepa...

A rapid sensitive and accurate method for the quantitative and qualitative estimation of bedaquiline was developed using the reverse phase HPLC (RP HPLC) method using acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid as mobile phase. The system’s suitability was established. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The system suitability was establ...

This chapter explains the science of liposomes, which are closed concentric phospholipid vesicles, of colloidal range, with an aqueous core surrounded by a lipophilic membrane. The mechanism of dermal penetration is discussed. Human skin, due to its large surface area, is suitable for transdermal administration of potent drugs and an alternative to...

Etravirine, an antiretroviral agent, used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system classification IV. The reported solubility of the drug is 0.0169 mg/ ml. In the present study, an attempt was made to enhance the solubility of etravirine by crystal engineering technique. The cocrystallizati...

Background Memory disorders require a steady-state balance of choline and cytidine. Citicoline is prescribed as an exogenous source of choline and cytidine. Objective The present study proposes a mucoadhesive multiparticulate sustained delivery of citicoline as a supportive control for memory loss. Methods The formulation of citicoline sodium mic...

Background Migraine is a neurological disorder and is accompanied by different painful episodes. Hence the maintenance of a steady-state concentration of drug can be beneficial for the patients suffering with migraine. The present investigation focuses on the development of nano lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded transdermal patch of rizatriptan benzoate...

The review provides an insight into the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), a versatile tool for analysis of complex dynamics of air and fluid flow in pharmaceutical operations. The principle of Navier Stokes equation on the explanation of the mathematics on flow of material is outlined in the review. Using the mathematical equations...

Artificial intelligence, a machine-learning process, builds a smart machine that simulates the performance of the human brain and possesses the capability of utilizing a massive amount of data required to achieve a specific goal through learning and problem solving. The idea of artificial intelligence and deep learning turns out to be more useful i...

Polymers have become an integral part of novel drug delivery system. One such successful biodegradable polymer is poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) which consists of polyesters of lactic acid and glycolic acid. It is one of the FDA-approved biodegradable polymers which is extensively used for therapeutic purposes in recent times. The aim. To illu...

Microfluidics (MF) is the science dealing with the behavior, precise control, and manipulation of fluids as well as particles on the scale of tens to hundreds of micrometers. It is also utilized for chemical and biological applications, usually called micro–Total Analysis Systems (mTAS) or Lab-on-a-chip (LOC). MF is a fascinating and capable techno...

Purpose: The present study focuses on a systemic approach to develop liposomal aztreonam as a promising dosage form for inhalation therapy in the treatment of pneumonia and explores the in-vitro antimicrobial and cell uptake efficacy. Methods: Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method using the lipids - soya phosphatidylcholine (SP) and c...

Introduction: Formulation of a nano lipid carrier loaded hydrophilic gel of a corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FP) was investigated systemically with response surface model (RSM) for promising dermal delivery of the drug. Objectives: To achieve a better penetration of the drug and to overcome the generally associated adverse reactions of...

Objective: The research aims for finding the possibility of buccal delivery of celecoxib from an in-situ mucoadhesive nanogel, and in vitro evaluation of the gel to evidence the enhanced permeation of drug from buccal mucosa. Materials and methods: Six formulations of celecoxib loaded NLCs were prepared using stearic acid and oleic acid in differen...

Nanotechnology deals with exceptionally minute structures, size ranging from 0.1 to 100 nm. The field of nanomedicine and nanotechnology is currently undergoing explosive developments in various fields of science and other new areas. Properties related to the particle surface and quantum mechanics are the two main aspects that render the nanomedici...

Respiratory diseases such as obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, acute lung injury, lung cancer, etc. are nowadays continuously increasing worldwide in all age group population, and their treatment has been proved to be a challenging task. Nanotechnology-based d...

Buccal delivery is an interesting route of delivery owing to the easy administration of drugs. Buccal delivery releases the drug into the oral cavity and promotes absorption through the oral mucosa and trans-mucosa to achieve local and systemic actions. This route of delivery can be successfully used to attain site-specific release of drug on mucos...

The decade advancement in the pharmaceutical industry has taken a new direction in the emerging field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The potency of this technology is established in the multidisciplinary field of research area. It serves as a robust platform in the field of medical and pharmaceutical sciences to overcome the drawbacks of conven...

Objective:The aim of the present study was to develop immediate release tablets of terbutaline sulphate by using fluidized bed granulation technology intended for fast action in the treatment of asthma. Materials and methods:The process of granulation by fluidized bed granulation technology was used to prepare eight formulations (F1-F8) using vario...

The present study focuses on the optimization of process parameters for preparation of nano lipid carriers (NLC's) by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. A definitive screening design using JMP 13 was used to analyze the effect of process parameters on nano lipid carriers. The critical process parameters evaluated were solid lipid-liquid lipid...

The present study focuses on the optimization of process parameters for preparation of nano lipid carriers (NLC’s) by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. A definitive screening design using JMP 13 was used to analyze the effect of process parameters on nano lipid carriers. The critical process parameters evaluated were solid lipidliquid lipid r...

Objectives: Azithromycin dihydrate is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of several types of bacterial infections. The drug shows low oral bioavailability due to its low solubility. In the present work solid lipid nanoparticles of azithromycin dihydrate were formulated, keeping in view enhancement of the solubility and rate of dissoluti...

This work aims at designing and evaluating a multiparticulate controlled release dosage form of Acyclovir using Ethyl Cellulose as the matrix-forming polymer employing the solvent evaporation technique of microencapsulation. The product was characterized by physicochemical parameters such as yield (51%-86%), drug entrapment efficiency (88%-96%), pa...

In the present study custom screening design was employed to observe the effect of four critical process parameters on particle size and polydispersity index of the liposomal formulation made by ethanol injection method. The four process parameters selected were lipid ratio, rate of injection, phase volume ratio and rotational speed of magnetic sti...

Aztreonam, a synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic is widely used for the treatment of infections in lungs, meninges, bladder, etc. Its potential use in the treatment of pneumonia and cystic fibrosis has been established. Recently FDA has approved Cayston® for inhalation therapy of Aztreonam in lungs infection. Many studies have been reported on the qua...

The introduction of a new moiety of drugs for antibiotics in the market is getting declined. Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health worldwide. Many life-saving antibiotic drugs are rendered ineffective. Resistant bacterial infections are difficult to treat because of the poor response to antibiotics. Hence, utilizing the novel meth...

Inhalation therapy is an effective way for local and systemic delivery of miscellaneous drugs for pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. The inhalation therapy aims to target specific cells or regions of the lung, bypassing the lung’s clearance mechanisms and thereby providing high retention of the drug for longer periods. It helps in improved penet...

The present work focuses on formulation of erodible ocular films of valacyclovir hydrochloride (VH) for the treatment of ocular herpes to enhance therapeutic effect through prolonging contact time with the corneal surface. Nine films were prepared by solvent casting method using different ratios of polymers HPMC E 15 LV and PVP. The FT-IR studies s...

The purpose of this research was to find out the taste masking effect of Kollicoat Smart Seal 30 D with different super disintegrants in formulation and evaluation of Paracetamol oral disintegrating tablet. Nine such formulations of oral disintegrating tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using superdisintegrants as main ingredients,...

The objective of this investigation was to develop Lorazepam microemulsion without a cosolvent. Solubility of Lorazepam in various oils and Solutol HS 15 was determined. The ternary diagram was plotted to identify area of microemulsion existence and a suitable composition with Miglyol 810 and Solutol HS 15 was identified. Process variables like mix...

A dendrimer can described as a macromolecule characterized by its highly branched 3D structure which provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility Dendrimers also referred to as the "Polymers of the 21 st century." Dendrimers components, namely (1) an initiator core (2) Interior layers (generations) composed of repeating units, ra...

A dendrimer can described as a macromolecule characterized by its highly branched 3D structure which provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility Dendrimers also referred to as the "Polymers of the 21 st century." Dendrimers components, namely (1) an initiator core (2) Interior layers (generations) composed of repeating units, ra...