Saumitra Mukherjee

Jawaharlal Nehru University | JNU · Dean School of Environmental Sciences

In the recent decade of astrobiological exploration of the Martian surface, there has been a shift from identifying habitable environments to finding markers indicative of biological activity. It requires a prior understanding of the physical and geochemical environment of the setting to decipher whether the conditions were conducive. Generally, qu...

A comprehensive study to characterize the hydrogeochemistry of the region and the impact of saltwater intrusion on groundwater was conducted along the eastern coast of Middle Andaman of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands. The escalating population growth and intensified tourism activities have resulted in the over-extraction of groundwater. Seismic...

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter for assessing the thermal comfort of urban residents. This study investigates the impact of land use/land cover changes on the variations in land surface temperature from 1989 to 2019 at 10-year intervals in Hyderabad city, Telangana. The mono window and split window algorithms were employed to...

A comprehensive study to characterize the hydrogeochemistry of the region and the impact of saltwater intrusion on groundwater was conducted along the eastern coast of Middle Andaman of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands. The escalating population growth and intensified tourism activities have resulted in the over-extraction of groundwater. Seismic...

Forests, integral to human civilization, hold immense value and play a vital role in maintaining ecological harmony. Despite India's goal of extensive forest coverage, significant progress is still needed. Uncontrolled forest fires pose a severe threat, particularly in Uttarakhand's Pauri Garhwal district. To address this challenge, a comprehensive...

Natural ecosystem of Islands and coastal region are vulnerable to climate change phenomena such as increasing temperature, fluctuating rainfalls, ocean acidification and tsunami. Andaman and Nicobar group of islands lies in Bay of Bangal facing such extreme climate phenomena. A spatial-temporal analysis of forest cover of middle Andaman region of t...

Seawater intrusion has become a common problem in coastal and island aquifers with the rise in climate change that greatly affects the majority of developing countries. The island hydrology is very complex and associated with a unique set of environmental characteristics with the dynamic interaction of groundwater, surface water, and seawater. Furt...

Environmental perturbations and sudden episodic events can be addressed by the understanding of extraterrestrial changes. These changes are monitored by terrestrial as well as extraterrestrial satellites. Terrestrial satellites need to be strengthened in accordance with extraterrestrial findings between the Sun and the Earth. It will be mandatory t...

Sun is the prime mover of different environmental cycles of the Earth including air quality. It is essential to monitor the impact of the Sun during solar eclipse. The effects of eclipse were observed in a part of China on 23 July 2009, which shows that cosmic ray intensity decreases with the decrease in electron flux recorded by the Sun Heliospher...

Different physical processes of the Earth, Moon, and Mars appear to be the same when its tectonic activities, volcanic activities, and structure of meteorite impacts are studied. Huygens basin of Mars was examined, which penetrates the ejecta blanket of Hellas basin, thereby exposing pre‐Hellas crust, which is the oldest crust in the study area. Th...

Extraterrestrial remote sensing is a fast developing and emerging science to understand not only climate change but the origin and survival of life in only one place of the universe, that is, the Earth. In the solar system, there is a planetary system but life exists only on the Earth. The evolution of different natural cycles inside and outside th...

Recent extensional and contractional tectonic features present globally over the lunar surface have been studied to infer lunar crustal tectonism. Spatial orientation of these tectonic features helps to elucidate the change in the interior geological dynamics of any planetary body with time. This chapter focuses on investigation of indicators of re...

Hydrochemical analysis, geological study and evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes play a crucial role to understand the variability of fluoride ion concentration in groundwater. The present study is focused on a watershed boundary comprising of parts of two river basins namely Ruparail and Banganga within Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in Indi...

The craters on the lunar surface represent unique morphological and mineralogical characteristics. Cardanus (13.2°N; 72.4°W) and Krafft craters (16.6°N; 72.6°W) present in the equatorial transition region of the Moon represents distinctive features. The morphology of crater is studied using high-resolution data of Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) and Wide...

Paleolakes on Mars have been proposed to be hydrologically active for thousands of years. They provide water, the prime ingredient for life to develop, and quiescent settings, making these lakes excellent targets in preserving biosignatures. Since ground truth analysis on Mars is limited to certain locations, most of the interpretations about Marti...

Terrestrial playas with evaporite deposits represent excellent locations to study the evolution of microbial communities through desiccation periods and search for preserved organic molecules and biosignatures to clue us in to the paleolake environments on Mars, especially in reference to astrobiologically driven missions. This present work involve...

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NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater (18.38°N, 77.58°E) on February 18, 2021. The prime objective of the Perseverance rover mission is to explore signs of ancient life in Jezero and gather samples of rock and regolith for possible return to Earth in a future mission. In this context, this study is designed to understand the a...

Life is known to adapt in accordance with its surrounding environment and sustainable resources available to it. Since harsh conditions would have precluded any possible aerobic evolution of life at the martian surface, it is plausible that martian life, should it exist, would have evolved in such a way as to derive energy from more optimum resourc...

CoVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to shut down their industries as most of these countries observed complete state-wide lockdown during the first wave of this contagious virus. Factories and vehicles on the road are a major source of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), which is also one of the major air pollutants. The emission of NO₂ is considered...

The present study investigated an inter-crater depression, which is hypothesized to have been hydrologically active in the past. Mineralogical analysis of the putative lake was carried out to examine the presence of secondary minerals and decipher its aqueous alteration history. The basin was observed to be predominant in mono- and polyhydrated sul...

Remote sensing (RS) technology plays a significant role by collecting information of inaccessible areas and generating information with spatial, spectral, and temporal variability. It is a useful tool to assess, monitor, and manage the groundwater resources. In combination with RS, the geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool to analy...

In many Asian megacities, millions of human inhabitants are dependent on groundwater for fulfilling daily water demand due to lack of public water supply and infrastructure. Many of these megacities are situated on alluvial plains which are more susceptible to contamination also. The present study has been carried out in Jhajjar District, Haryana,...

A saline lake forms when evaporation exceeds precipitation and its internally drained basin intersects the water table. These lakes are generally found in subhumid, arid and semiarid environments. They are home to several migratory birds and also a source of economically important minerals which add to their socioeconomic value. Saline lakes have b...

The original article has been published inadvertently with some errors in Table 6—the last sentence of the abstract and the last sentence after Eq. (2) (581 mm). The corrected Table 6 is given below."

Landslides are the natural geomorphic processes that are essential for the landscape development. Loss of tremendous amount of life, natural resources as well as property has made this phenomenon a natural disaster. Number of researches have been done to understand this phenomenon and how to overcome this calamity with the aid of upcoming modern in...

Common crustal igneous and high grade metamorphic rocks contain peroxy defects which remain dormant until the rock experiences stress upon deformation. Stress activated peroxy defects form highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the rock-water interface observed in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock samples. The ROS complex is formed upon r...

This research is devoted to the determination of the causal relationship between the flow of particles that are coming from the Sun and the hurricanes Irma, Jose, and Katia. To accomplish this, the lag correlation analysis was performed. High correlation coefficients confirmed a preliminary conclusion about the relationship between solar activities...

Desiccation of lake sediments, repeated freezing and thawing of the soil in periglacial environments, thermal contraction of permafrost and tectonic stress have been known to produce polygonal patterned grounds on Earth. Presence of these patterned grounds on Mars is indicative of liquid water activities, ice distribution, recent events of thawing...

This paper focuses on the suitability of spring water for drinking and irrigation purposes in a part of eastern Himalaya, south Sikkim. There are many anthropogenic and geogenic factors contributing as a source of major cations and anions in the spring water. The spring water chemistry show a variation in EC, pH, TDS, Temperature, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca...

Abstract Coastal aquifers are highly vulnerable to salinization, especially by seawater intrusion. This problem is exacerbated by increasing demands for freshwater in coastal zones due to urbanization and industrialization. This paper investigates seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers of Kachchh district in Gujarat, an economic hub of the country...

Coastal aquifers are highly vulnerable to salinization, especially by seawater intrusion. This problem is exacerbated by increasing demands for freshwater in coastal zones due to urbanization and industrialization. This paper investigates seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers of Kachchh district in Gujarat, an economic hub of the country in wester...

Integration of morphometric and morphotectonic analysis with remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques is useful in quantifying the possible tectonic activity within a specifc area. Such an integrated analysis was conducted in this study for the Qorveh–Dehgolan basin using 11 parameters. While morphometric parameters include...

FOREST COVER CHANGE is an important aspect of global environmental change because of rapid deforestation in tropical areas. Anthropogenic activities and natural phenomena can cause deforestation and forest degradation that adversely impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services. In 2008, the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) progra...

In the present work attempt has been made to determine the groundwater quality in four talukas of Ratnagiri district: Chiplun, Khed, Guhagar and Dapoli. Total 60 groundwater samples were collected from borewells and handpumps in premonsoon and postmonsoon season. The groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Na, Mg, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4, N...

The Middle valley of Medjerda region (MVM) has been threatened by numerous pollution sources (urban, industrial, agricultural, uncontrolled landfills, etc.), that have increasingly proliferated in the area due to a lack of environmental protection measures, especially for water resources. The main objectives of this study are; the vulnerability map...

The hydrogeological studies of Medjerda aquifers are very limited as well as the quality of groundwater is deteriorated due to agricultural activities, urbanization and industrial development. This study aimed to mapping the groundwater potential zones of lower valley of Medjerda, assess the quality of ground water and relate it to the land use usi...

Researchers have recognized the potential use of multisensor remote sensing (RS) as one of the main data sources for monitoring and assessing the impact of rapid land use changes especially in fragile ecosystems such as arid regions. This research enabled the estimation of soil contamination in the study area. The use of new technologies and scient...

This paper presents the effect of land-use changes on land degradation by utilization of remote sensing methods and the Gavrilovic´ erosion potential method, due to surface mining activities in the period 2001–2011. Studied area includes the zone of influence of the Rudarski basen Kolubara, which covers the exploitation area of the Kolubara coal ba...

This paper presents the effect of land-use changes on land degradation by utilization of remote sensing methods and the Gavrilović erosion potential method, due to surface mining activities in the period 2001–2011. Studied area includes the zone of influence of the Rudarski basen Kolubara, which covers the exploitation area of the Kolubara coal bas...

ion of groundwater due to various land use land cover activities and variations in monsoonal rainfall have greatly affected the availability and quality of groundwater resources in semi-arid regions of India. In the present study, a study of the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater was undertaken in the Sonipat district of Haryana in Ind...

Arsenic contamination, a very serious issue, has a detrimental effect on the living being. Arsenic contamination is found in the Gangetic plains, with West Bengal as the most affected state. In the present study, an attempt has been made to use weighted overlay analysis for arsenic hazard zonation based on the factors that influence the groundwater...

The river Ganges has its practical origin from the confluence point of its two tributaries the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi at a place known as Devprayag. These two rivers have their own very large catchments or drainage basin. Both of them have their own drainage characteristics in terms of physical area and ecological habitats. The variability of dis...

The proposed work aims at creating a new database pertaining to hydro-geomorphology and groundwater vulnerability using satellite data which will be compared to older data in order to analyze the impact of climate change on the frequency and severity of drought, and flooding. The research permit the hydrological and hydrogeological processes analy...

Grain size is a fundamental descriptive measure of sediment and sedimentary rock. A large part of information related to sedimentary particles transport and deposition can be obtained from grain size. Grain size parameters are useful for recognizing sedimentary environments such as dune, river, beach marine and others of continental shelf through g...

Recent extensional and contractional tectonic features present globally over the lunar surface have been studied to infer lunar crustal tectonism. Investigation of indicators of recent crustal tectonics, such as fault lines, thrust fault scarps, and dislocation of debris along the identified fault planes, primarily using data from the miniature-syn...

Rainfall and Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) are the most fundamental and significant variables in hydrological modelling. However, these variables are generally not available over ungauged catchments. ETo estimation usually needs measurements of weather variables such as wind speed, air temperature, solar radiation and dew point. After the deve...

Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a worldwide health crisis. Treatment of arsenic laden water in areas of the world such as West Bengal, India has proven to be an extremely difficult task. Practical and reliable treatment technologies that can overcome the socioeconomic and geochemical barriers present in these areas of the world must be d...

Solar influence on electric equipment has been studied for a long time. The scientific evidence has been verified successfully in the Northern India Power Grid failure after an abrupt rise in Proton flux (P-flux) in the Sun-Earth environment. Induced geomagnetic current was instrumental in accelerating the rise in electric supply in the Northern In...

Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar (Mini-SAR) data conveniently reveals the unique morphological characteristics associated with crater ejecta blankets. Various surface and subsurface features in and around shadowed polar regions can be inferred using this data to explain the newly formed topography after impact events. A group of three craters lyi...

The present study was conducted to explore the influence of geomorphic features of the area on the mobilization of arsenic in groundwater. In this study, remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to prepare the geomorphic and slope map of the area. Different geomorphic features were identified on the basis of spectral signature on the LISS III an...

Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a worldwide health crisis. Treatment of arsenic laden water in areas of the world such as West Bengal, India has proven to be an extremely difficult task. Practical and reliable treatment technologies that can overcome the socioeconomic and geochemical barriers present in these areas of the world must be d...

Studies focusing on the geological processes on the moon have found various tectonic featuressuggesting similar geological activity occurring on the Eart. Also, it can be inferred thatmeteoritic impact, cosmic and solar wind flux variability coupled with the interior changes ofthe Moon may have manifested in the form of tectonic activity on the moo...

Newly emerged hyperspectral techniques make it possible to acquire images in narrow and continuous spectral bands, providing significant improvements when compared with broad bands. In this work total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b were estimated, which have been used to find an empirical relationship with the hyperspectral data. The...

Microwave sensors reveal a number of distict features on varying terrains of south pole of the Moon.

Air temperature changes on Earth in recent years are the subject of numerous and increasingly interdisciplinary research. In contrast to, conditionally speaking, generally accepted views that these changes are conditioned primarily by anthropogenic activity, more results appear to suggest that it is dominant natural processes about. Whether because...

Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Research is the basis for advanced Earth Observation (EO) datasets used in environmental monitoring and research. Now that there are a number of satellites in orbit, EO has become imperative in today’s sciences, weather and natural disaster prediction. This highly interdisciplinary reference work brings...

World will face a major fresh water crisis in the coming decades due to high contaminants in surface and subsurface water. Groundwater is ultimate and most suitable fresh water resource for human consumption in both urban as well as rural areas. The groundwater quality reflects the information about the natural and anthropogenic source of pollution...

Influence of Sun can be observed in other planets of the Solar system also. The Saturn ring has provoked scientists and armature astronomers since the advancement of human civilization. Various hypotheses have been postulated on the connection of Sunspots Earth’s environment and changes in the Saturn ring. A concept was given on Planetary-Spin heat...

It is not possible to study the atmospheric changes in isolation. It has been inferred that there are indirect links existing in between the changes within the Sun with the thermosphere, ionosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. The Earth’s magnetic field acts like a shield, protecting earth from the constant stream of tiny particles ejected by the Su...

Influence of star flare on Sun-Earth environment leading Snowfall Influence of star flares during low Kp and low Efflux condition of Sun-Earth Environment may have produced further sudden drop in magnetic field and Efflux in Sun-Earth environment. This may have caused by repulsion of magnetic field in Sun-Earth Environment and star flares. Time var...

The effects of eclipse were observed in a part of China on 23 July 2009 which shows that the cosmic ray intensity decreases with the decrease in Electron flux recorded by the Sun Observatory Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite. The attempt was based on the changes in the concentration of atmospheric gases like Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide...

Hydrochemical study of groundwater is useful for determining its suitability for drinking, industrial, and agricultural purposes. In this study, chemical analysis of the groundwater and soil samples has been carried out in Bundelkhand region, where The Government of India is planning to link Ken and Betwa Rivers through a man-made canal. Principal...

Human activities in many parts of the world have greatly changed the natural land cover. This study has been conducted on Pichavaram forest, south east coast of India, famous for its unique mangrove bio-diversity. The main objectives of this study were focused on monitoring land cover changes particularly for the mangrove forest in the Pichavaram a...

The lower reaches of the Sabarmati River Basin in Gujarat have intense agricultural and industrial activities and this part is affected by problems of groundwater salinity. Here we attempt to assess the processes governing the causes of groundwater salinity in the coastal alluvial aquifer, employing δ18O and δD isotopes in integration with ionic ra...