Saulo Gil

University of São Paulo - School of Medicine

Purpose: This study assessed the impact of a 12-week, home-based exercise training (HBET) program on health-related quality of life (HRQOL, primary outcome), cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in pediatric COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this single-center, randomized controlled trial conducted in Sao Paulo (Brazil) from October 2020 to January...

Despite earlier research demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of acute and chronic exercise in many medical illnesses, there is a lack of literature evaluating the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the cytokine levels in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCH). This study aims to examine the acute effects of resis...

Purpose To compare the effects of an exercise protocol that simulates ADL movements with those of a traditional resistance training protocol on physical functioning in previously untrained older adults. Methods Thirty untrained older adults were randomly assigned to traditional resistance training (TRAD), functional task training movements that mi...

Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic promoted social isolation and the consequent reduction of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB). As a strategy to change the reduction MVPA chart and increase SB, digital platforms to exercises (DPE) became more popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Verify if...

Introdução: A pandemia de Covid-19 promoveu o isolamento social e a consequente redução da atividade física moderada e vigorosa (AFMV) e aumento do comportamento sedentário (CS). Como estratégia para alterar tais alterações na AFMV e CS, as plataformas digitais para exercícios (PDE) tornaram-se mais populares durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Objetiv...

Background The acute exercise-mediated changes in metabolic, immunomodulatory, and gut hormones are blunted by excessive adiposity. We investigated whether bariatric surgery restore the acute responses to exercise on glucose metabolism, gut hormones, and inflammatory markers in women with severe obesity. Methods Thirteen women eligible for bariatr...

Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders are among the major public health issues. Therefore, identifying predictors of symptoms of depression and anxiety holds fundamental importance to avoid the aggravation of these conditions. Muscle strength and function (e.g., handgrip strength and timed-stands test) are widely recognized predictors of...

We aimed to investigate associations between sleep quality with selected quantitative and qualitative parameters of health in older individuals with obesity. Cross-sectional assessment (n = 95 men/women; ≥ 65 years; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) of sleep quality, body composition, handgrip strength, quality-of-life, anxiety/depression. Mean PSQI score was 6.3. P...

Objective: To assess the potential therapeutic role of exercise on health-related quality of life, assessed by the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), coronary flow reserve (CFR), cardiac function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and inflammatory and cardiac blood markers in multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) pat...

Background Long-lasting effects of COVID-19 may include cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal muscle, metabolic, psychological disorders and persistent symptoms that can impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We investigated the effects of a home-based exercise training (HBET) programme on HRQoL and health-related outcomes in survivors of s...

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150 min of moderate or vigorous activity (MVPA) per week for health benefits. However, meeting WHO guidelines for physical activity has been shown to be a great challenge for general populations and it may be even more difficult for undergraduate students due to elevated academic...

Exercise training and bariatric surgery have been shown to independently modulate DNA methylation profile in clusters of genes related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-month exercise training program on DNA methylation profile in women who underwent bariatric surgery. In this exploratory, qu...

The aim of this study was to determine whether Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) are associated with physical inactivity in COVID-19 survivors. This is a cohort study of COVID-19 survivors discharged from a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients admitted as inpatients due to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March and...

Background Obesity is a disease that may involve disrupted connectivity of brain networks. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, and the positive effects on obesity-related conditions may be enhanced by exercise. Herein, we aimed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and exercise train...

The purpose of this research was to investigate the degree of agreement between data from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ) and accelerometer (ActiGraph®) readings for physical activity (PA), classified as moderate, vigorous, and moderate–vigorous PA, and sedentary behavior (SB) in participants with major depressiv...

Objective We examined the impact of loss of skeletal muscle mass in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection, hospital readmission rate, self-perception of health, and health care costs in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors. Design Prospective observational study. Setting and Participants Tertiary Clinical Hospital. Eighty COVID-19 survivor...

Aims Mitochondrial (mt) DNA replication is strongly associated with oxidative stress, a condition triggered by aging and hyperglycemia, both of which contribute to mitophagy disruption and inflammation. This observational exploratory study evaluated mtDNA-copy number (mtDNA-CN) and expression of genes involved in mitochondriogenesis (PPARGC1A, TFAM...

The aim of this study was to determine whether Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) are associated with physical inactivity in COVID-19 survivors. This is a cohort study of COVID-19 survivors discharged from a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients admitted as inpatients due to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March and...

Studies have suggested a potential role of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Herein we tested whether brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measured upon hospital admission are associated with acute in-hospital outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A total...

This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of exercise prior to the homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine could enhance immunogenicity in patients with spondyloarthritis. We selected 60 consecutive patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Patients assigned to the intervention group performed an e...

Introduction: Both obesity and sarcopenia are associated with poor sleep quality. It is, therefore, plausible to speculate that the coexistence of both conditions (i.e., sarcopenic obesity) could potentiate their negative effects on sleep quality. Objective: To investigate whether elderly with sarcopenic obesity have a worse sleep quality than non-...

This study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of exercise prior to the homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (Sinovac-CoronaVac) could enhance immunogenicity in patients with dysfunctional immune system. This was a randomized controlled trial (1:1) within a single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial, conducted in São Paulo,...

Objective: This study aimed to compare the time in physical activity (PA) [light (LPA), moderate and vigorous (MVPA)] and sedentary behavior (SB) (weekdays, weekends, or both) between Medical (MED) and Physical Education (PE) students who underwent remote classes imposed by the COVID-19. In addition, we compared symptoms of depression and anxiety a...

The effects of plyometric training on middle- and long-distance running performances are well established. However, its influence on pacing behavior is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on pacing behavior. Also, verify whether the adaptations induced by plyometric training would change ratings o...

Background Muscle atrophy and strength loss are common adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery. This randomized, controlled trial investigated the effects of exercise training on bariatric surgery‐induced loss of muscle mass and function. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the intervention on molecular and histological mediators of m...

Background Strength and muscle mass are predictors of relevant clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, but in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, it remains to be determined. In this prospective observational study, we investigated whether muscle strength or muscle mass are predictive of hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with moderat...

Introduction Childhood-onset Takayasu Arteritis (c-TA) is a rare, large-vessel vasculitis seen in children that could predisposing patients to a high risk of mortality. Exercise has the potential to improve overall health in several diseases, but evidence remains scant in c-TA. The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety and pote...

Purpose The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether the degree of weight loss properly reflects improvements in cardiometabolic health among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods In this ancillary analysis from a clinical trial, patients were clustered into tertiles according to the magnitude of the percentage w...

Importance: Strength and muscle mass are predictors of relevant clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, but in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 remains to be determined. Objective: To investigate whether muscle strength or muscle mass are predictive of hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Design: Pros...

Background It is currently unknown whether patients with childhood-onset Takayasu disease (c-TA) are prone to physical inactivity and poor aerobic capacity. In this study, we assessed physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness along with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and various traditional and non-traditional risk factors in pa...

Background Acute protein turnover studies suggest lower anabolic response after ingestion of plant vs. animal proteins. However, the effects of an exclusively plant-based protein diet on resistance training-induced adaptations are under investigation. Objective To investigate the effects of dietary protein source [exclusively plant-based vs. mixed...

This study compared the effects of self-selected rest interval and fixed rest interval strategies on post-activation potentiation (PAP) in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Twelve strength-trained male's (age: 25.4 ± 3.6 years; body mass: 78.8 ± 10.5 kg; height: 175 ± 7.0 cm; half-squat 1RM: 188.7 ± 33.4 kg) performed three experimental condi...

Background: Bariatric surgery improves cardiovascular health, which might be partly ascribed to beneficial alterations in the autonomic nervous system. However, it is currently unknown whether benefits from surgery on cardiac autonomic regulation in post-bariatric patients can be further improved by adjuvant therapies, namely exercise. We investig...

Exercise seems to enhance the beneficial effect of bariatric surgery (RYGB) on insulin resistance. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling may underly these benefits. Women were randomized to either a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training program following RYGB or standard of care (RYGB). Insulin sensi...

Purpose: To verify the affective feelings (AFs) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during a 10-km competitive head-to-head (HTH) running race and compare them with a time-trial (TT) running race. Methods: Fourteen male runners completed 2 × 10-km runs (TT and HTH) on different days. Speed, RPE, and AF were measured every 400 m. For...

Context: Bariatric surgery causes severe bone loss, which could be potentially mitigated by exercise. Objective: To investigate the role of exercise training in attenuating bariatric surgery-induced bone loss. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Referral center for bariatric surgery (Clinical Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Patient...

Reduced insulin sensitivity is the putative defect in the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can restore euglycemia and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with T2D. However, the mechanisms contributing to surgical remission of T2D are not fully understood. Growth Differentiating Factor 15 (GDF15) is a circulatin...

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING MITIGATES ON THE LOSS IN MUSCLE MASS AND FUNCTIONALITY IN OBESE WOMEN UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY Saulo Gil, Wagner Silva Dantas, Igor Hisashi Murai, Carlos Merege Filho, Marco Aurelio Santo, Roberto de Cleva, Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo, John P. Kirwan, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel Applie...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by exacerbated inflammation, which is implicated in car-diometabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the potential effects of acute exercise on inflammatory responses in obese/overweight PCOS women and their controls. Participants underwent a single bout of moderate intensity aerobic exerci...

Abstract:PURPOSE: To examine the effects of exercise training on strength, functionality and physical activity level in womenundergoing bariatric surgery.METHODS: Twenty­nine obese women were randomly allocated into one of two groups: bariatric surgery (BAR: BMI =46.5±6.2 kg/m²) and bariatric surgery plus exercise training (BAR+EX: BMI = 48.3±5.2 k...

Resisted sprint training consists of performing overloaded sprints, which may produce greater effects than traditional sprint training. We compared a resisted sprint training with overload control versus an unresisted sprint training program on performance in soccer players. Eighteen elite athletes were randomly assigned to resisted (RST) or unresi...

The combination of strength (ST) and plyometric training (PT) has been shown to be effective for improving sport specific performance. However, there is no consensus about the most effective way to combine these methods in the same training session, in order to produce greater improvements in neuromuscular performance of soccer players. Thus, the p...

It is unknown whether traditional periodization of strength-power training involving accumulation, transformation and realization blocks is superior to other simpler and more practical training schemes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in strength/power/speed characteristics of elite soccer players in response to either cl...

The aim was to investigate the effects of far infrared (FIR) ray emitting clothes on indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and physical performance recovery after a plyometric bout applied to soccer players. Twenty-one male players (18.9±0.6 years; 70.8±5.01 kg; 178.3±0.06 cm) performed 100 drop-jumps. Six hours after the bout, athlete...

Background Mechanical loading‐induced strain provided from physical activity plays an essential role in promoting bone modeling. Furthermore, muscle contraction is an important factor in maintaining bone mass. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity level and lower‐limb strength with bone mineral density...

The effects of an enforced fast-start on long distance performance are controversial and seem to depend on the athlete's capacity to delay and tolerate metabolic disruption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an enforced fast-start on 10-km running performance and the influence of the some physiological and performance variable...

To describe the heart rate variability (HRV) of high-level sprinters in both the supine and standing positions, the HRV of 7 male (24±6 yr; 80±8 kg and 182±7 cm) and 11 female (27±5 yr; 61±4 kg; 167±5 cm) high level Brazilian sprinters was measured in the standing and SU body-positions in both the time and frequency domains. The heart rate (HR) and...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether athletes from different sports disciplines present similar mean propulsive velocity (MPV) in the half-squat (HS) during submaximal and maximal tests, enabling prediction of 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) from MPV at any given submaximal load. Methods: Sixty-four male athletes, comprising Ameri...

The jump squat is one of the exercises most frequently used to improve lower body power production, which influences sports performance. However, the traditional determination of the specific workload at which power production is maximized (i.e., optimum power load) is time-consuming and requires one-repetition maximum tests. Therefore, the aim of...

The aim of this study was to test the effects of 2 different velocity-oriented power training regimens by either increasing or decreasing the jump squat velocity during jump training sessions applied 3 times a week for 6 weeks in soccer players. Twenty-four elite under-20 soccer players were randomly assigned to an increased bar velocity group (IVG...

Objective: Reaction time (RT) is the ability to react to a stimulus in the shortest time possible. Despite its importance in boxing performance, no study has investigated specific RTs in boxers executing different fighting techniques. This study compared the RT presented by elite boxers to perform two types of punches (i.e., jabs and crosses). Meth...

Tensiomyography has been suggested as an indirect marker of muscle stiffness, which is associated with strength/power performance. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that tensiomyography parameters could be associated with power-related motor tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between tensiomyography parameters...

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as modificações na estratégia de prova frente às alterações do risco de fadiga prematura e da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) em corredores durante uma corrida de 10 km. Participaram do estudo 55 corredores com tempo nos 10 km de 41:39 ± 3:52 min:s. A estratégia de prova e a PSE foram avaliadas a cada quilôme...

To analyze the effects of detraining on body composition and vertical jump and speed ability, twenty-two under-17 soccer players (16.4±0.4 years; 70.0±7.1kg; 175.9±6.9cm) were submitted to the following assessments; anthropometric; countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ); and linear speed, before and after two weeks of detraining. Significant in...

The aim of this study was to test the effects of two different velocity-oriented power-training regimens by either increasing or decreasing the jump-squat velocity during jump training sessions applied three times a week for 6 weeks in soccer players. Twenty-four elite under-20 soccer players were randomly assigned to an increased bar-velocity grou...

The purpose of this study was to test which specific type of exercise (i.e., jump squat (JS) or half-squat (HS)) is more effective at maintaining speed and power abilities throughout a preseason in soccer players. Twenty-three male soccer players were randomly allocated into two groups: JS and HS. The mean propulsive power, vertical jumping ability...

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se um protocolo de aquecimento geral realizado em esteira rolante afeta o desempenho da força máxima de membros superiores e inferiores. Doze homens treinados foram testados para força máxima (1RM) nos exercícios leg-press e supino reto nas condições: aquecimento geral (C-AQ) que foi realizado um aquecimento ge...

The aim of this study was to compare performance in sprint, change of direction speed, vertical jump and jump squat tests between elite soccer players from two different age categories (i.e., under-20 and senior players) from the same soccer club. Players performed sprints (average velocity at 5, 10 and 20 m), zig-zag change of direction speed (COD...

The aim of this study was to compare muscle mechanical properties (using tensiomyography - TMG) and jumping performance of endurance and power athletes, and to quantify the associations between TMG parameters and jumping performance indices. Forty-one high-level track and field athletes from power (n=22; mean ± SD age, height, and weight were 27.2...

The purpose of this study was to compare the physical performance (i.e., strength, power, speed and endurance) between Brazilian elite soccer players from different categories of the same club: professionals (PRO), under--20 (U--20), and under--17 (U--17). Seventy--one soccer players from three categories (PRO=24; U--20=21 and U--17=26) were assess...

The neuromechanical determinants of sprint running performance have been investigated in team sports athletes and non-elite sprinters. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationships between kinetic and performance parameters, obtained in loaded and unloaded vertical and horizontal jumps, and sprinting in elite athletes. Twenty-two sprinter...

The neuromechanical determinants of sprint running performance have been investigated in team sports athletes and non-elite sprinters. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationships between kinetic and performance parameters, obtained in loaded and unloaded vertical and horizontal jumps, and sprinting in elite athletes. Twenty-two sprinter...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different strength-power training models on sprint performance. Forty-eight soldiers of the Brazilian brigade of special operations with at least one year of army training experience were divided into a control group (CG: n = 15, age: 20.2 ± 0.7 years, body height: 1.74 ± 0.06 m, and bod...

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an important role in physical performance. However, the cardiac ANS activity in high-level track and field athletes has been poorly explored. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that endurance and power athletes would present a markedly different cardiac autonomic control at rest. We analyzed the cardiac ANS by mea...

The present study investigated the relationship between punching acceleration and selected strength and power variables in nineteen professional karate athletes from the Brazilian National Team (9 men and 10 women; age: 23 ± 3 years; height: 1.71 ±0.09 m and body mass: 67.34 ± 13.44 kg). Punching acceleration was assessed under four different condi...

A single bout of resistance training, especially those comprising the performance of eccentric actions, induces damage to the muscle structure. Some characteristics of the eccentric exercise bout (i.e. the number and the intensity of contractions) may increase muscle damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if the number and the inten...

Stretching exercises have been traditionally incorporated into warm-up routines before training sessions and sport events. However, the effects of stretching on maximal strength and strength endurance performance seem to depend on the type of stretching employed. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of static stretching (SS), ball...

RESUMO: Tradicionalmente, as recomendações para a prescrição do treinamento de força podem ser baseadas tanto na intensidade relativa ao 1RM quanto no número de repetições máximas. Entretanto, sabe-se que o número máximo de repetições realizadas com a mesma carga relativa varia de acordo com o exercício e o tamanho do grupo muscular envolvido. Além...