Satu Salo

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd

This chapter on biofilm risks deals with biofilm formation of pathogenic microbes, sampling and detection methods, biofilm removal, and prevention of biofilm formation. Several common pathogens produce sticky and/or slimy structures in which the cells are embedded, that is, biofilms, on various surfaces in food processing. Biofilms of common foodbo...

Cleaning and disinfection are carried out in order to produce safe products with acceptable shelf life and quality. Fat and protein are the most common types of soil in slaughterhouses. Cutting devices, conveyor belts, eviscerators and slaughtering chains are known as parts that are difficult to clean. The mechanical and chemical power, temperature...

Transmission of gastroenteritis-causing noroviruses may be significant via contaminated surfaces. Measures for control, e.g. disinfection with ultraviolet irradiation (UV), are therefore necessary for interrupting this transmission. Human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 and Murine norovirus (MuNoV) were used to study the efficacy of UV for virus inactivati...

Human norovirus (HuNoV), which causes gastroenteritis, can be transmitted to food and food contact surfaces via viruscontaminated hands. To investigate this transmission in food processing environments, we developed a swabbing protocol for environmental samples, evaluated the stability of HuNoV in the swabs, and applied the method in the food indus...

http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/researchhighlights/2013/R10.pdf.

In this paper, airborne particles and microbiological hygiene are reported from a hospital hygiene study. The surface hygiene was monitored on operating theatre equipment, instruments and other adjacent surfaces as well as protective clothing and shoes. The study was performed from June until December 2010 in four Finnish operating theatres. The in...

In Finland the low and intermediate level decommissioning metal waste from Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant located on an island, Olkiluoto is planned to be disposed in concrete boxes into bedrock silos. Most of this metal waste is carbon steel. The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in groundwater simulating repository conditions has been studied con...

VTT Symposium 266 R3-Nordic, the Nordic Society of Cleanroom Technology, is a non-profit, independent association for the promotion of new technologies in cleanroom technology and contamination control in the Nordic countries. The aim of the annual R3-Nordic Symposium is to provide knowledge within the pharmaceutical, food and electronic industries...

Food safety and high hygiene level is a priority to food manufactures. Petrifilm Environmental Listeria (EL) plates are designed to detect the majority of environmental Listeria e.g. Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Listeria welshimeri in environmental samples and to aid in efficient hygiene monitoring of food processing plants. The pr...

41st R3-Nordic Symposium Cleanroom technology, contamination control and cleaning, VTT Symposium 266. Espoo, Finland, 25 - 26 May 2010, 137 - 141 The study takes advantage of best practices used in high-tech industry to benchmark and adapt new operation models for health care sector. The project recognises and assesses potential risks in the hygien...

VTT Symposium 260 Microbial risk management is difficult and very important in food processing and although we have common EU legislation for food producers microbial risk management needs to be improved and harmonized within EU countries. Microbial risk management consists of several parts. Knowledge of hygienic design and factory layout can preve...

Reliable test methods for checking cleanliness are needed to evaluate and validate the cleaning process of fermentation tanks. The size of a fermentation tank can be several hundred cubic meters limiting the use of many traditional sampling methods since the reachable areas are scarce compared to the entire tank surface. Pilot scale tanks were used...

Risk Assessment of Microbial Problems and Preventive Actions in Food Industry. Wirtanen, Gun; Salo, Satu (eds). VTT Symposium : 251, 23 - 25 SAFOODNET - Food Safety and Hygiene Networking within New Member States and Associated Candidate Countries. Istanbul, Turkey, 22 - 23 Oct. 2007

Purpose The purpose of these studies was to investigate the cleaning and hygiene of plastic cheese moulds and plastic transportation crates and to assess the suitability of ultrasonication for cleaning these dairy devices on a pilot scale and to optimise these cleaning procedures. Design/methodology/approach The contamination load in the various p...

Milk contains low numbers of bacteria when it is milked from healthy cows. Drinking and fodder places in the cow shed, milking machines, utensils and equipment at farms, during transportation and in processing may add contaminants to the milk. The aim of this study was to investigate hygiene at the dairies, to find critical points where special att...

This chapter deals with biofilm formation, sampling and detection methods, pathogens in biofilms, persistent and non-persistent microbes, prevention of biofilm formation and biofilm removal as well as future trends in biofilm control in the food industry. Microbes that inhabit contact and environmental sites in food processing are mostly harmful be...

Yeast strains are usually known for their beneficial role in the production of bread and fermented foods. Abundant growth of unwanted yeast strains during production can, however, lead to defects in the final products and problems with process hygiene when failures occur in the decontamination procedure. A low pH or a high sugar or salt content fav...

During 1998/1999 a total of 36 surveys were carried out in six meat, five seafood and two poultry processing plants. A total of 2522 samples, including processing lines and environment, personnel, raw materials and products (raw or ready-to-eat, RTE), were analysed for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. The environmental and personnel samples...

The research work for the third Nordic dairy hygiene project P00027 DairyNET - Hygiene control in dairy environment, which has been funded by the Nordic Innovation Centre (formerly the Nordic Industrial Fund), has focused on hygiene and quality issues relating to raw milk, process surfaces, process waters, air and final products. The work was carri...

R3-Nordic, the Nordic Association for Contamination Control, is a non-profit, independent association for the promotion of new technologies in contamination control in the Nordic countries. The venue of the annual symposium is Turku Polytechnic in the BioTurku region. The aim of the annual R3-Nordic Symposium is to provide knowledge of contaminatio...

The key to effective cleaning and disinfection of food plants is the understanding of the type of the soil to be removed from the surfaces. An efficient cleaning and disinfection procedure consists of a sequence of rinses using good quality water with application of detergents and disinfectants. Disinfection is required in food plant operations, wh...

Fundamental to the HACCP philosophy is the identification of specific hazards and measures for their prevention. The method involves the identification of critical control points and procedures for monitoring them. The definition of a hazard includes unacceptable contamination of a biological, chemical or physical nature. However, the total cleanli...

The hygienic state of process surfaces in food production plants crucially affects the quality of food products. Hygiene is important everywhere but fermentation processes where specific microorganisms are used to ferment nutritious raw materials into high quality foods requires special attention. The consequence of contamination of a fermentation...

Three air sampling methods: sedimentation, impacting and filtration were compared in a food packaging materials producing factory. Sampling was performed four times during a year in three sampling places. The study showed that the results with all three methods used had similar trend. In general settle plates caught less microbes than other methods...

The hygiene of equipment surfaces plays an important role in dairy manufacture. Especially the environment in which products are packed can easily get contaminated. Returnable transport packages or crates can be one source of contamination. The cleaning of these packages is often incomplete and pathogens and spoilage organisms attached to surfaces...

A collaborative study with Enterobacteriaceae was conducted to validate Hygicult E dipslides by comparison with violet red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) contact plates and swabbing, using stainless steel surfaces artificially contaminated with microbes at various levels. Twelve laboratories participated in the validation procedure. The total number of...

A total of 564 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were characterized by automated ribotyping. The samples were taken from equipment, personnel and the environment after cleaning procedures and during food processing, as well as from raw materials and products from six meat, two poultry and five seafood processing plants located in the Faroe Islands, F...

The research work for project P96049 in the second NORDFOOD programme was carried out at the Nordic research institutes VTT Biotechnology, MATFORSK and SIK as well as at the universities in Helsinki and Reykjavik from April 1997 to January 2000. The companies involved in the project were the dairies Valio Ltd. from Finland, Arla from Sweden and TIN...

Paper and board machines offer microorganisms a favourable environment, and hence their numbers may be quite high without causing significant problems for runnability or end product safety. Microbial contamination of paper machine environment may result in spoilage of raw materials, slime build-up and contamination of end product by microbes or mic...

The main objective of this study was to determine the level of surface contamination in fish processing factories and the presence of Listeria in the factory environment and products. Another objective was evaluation of the different hygiene-monitoring methods. Total aerobic heterotrophic and enterobacteria, yeast and mold samples were collected an...

Biofilms of the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fragi were grown on stainless steel surfaces (AISI 304, 2B) for 4 days in slime broth. These biofilms were treated with four commercial disinfectants. The disinfectants were alcohol-based, tenside-based, peroxide-based and chlorine-based products, covering most disinfecta...

The efficiencies of potassium persulphate, isopropanol, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid, quaternary ammonium compound, hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, ethanol and phenol derivatives, tertiary alkylamines and dimethyl alamine betaine-based disinfectants and a hypochlorite-based disinfecting cleaning agent were evaluated against eight...

A collaborative study on total aerobic bacterial count was conducted to validate the Hygicult® TPC dipslide against contact plates and swabbing, using stainless-steel surfaces artificially contaminated with different microbes at various levels. Twelve laboratories took part in the validation procedure. The total number of collaborative samples was...

Biocides are routinely used in paper mills to control the microbial growth and the consequent biofilm problems. Enzymes that attack the structures of biofilm are potential agents for slime control. Several new enzyme based methods for biofilm control have recently been developed. The efficiency of enzymatic methods can be considerably increased whe...

This paper evaluates the use of poloxamer-hydrogel biofilm-constructs for the routine evaluation of biocide formulations at use strength. Aqueous solutions of Poloxamer P127 show thermo-reversible gelation, being liquid at temperatures <15°C yet robust gels at temperatures >15°C. Chilled poloxamer solutions (30%w/v) were made up m tryptone soya bro...

This paper evaluates the use of poloxamer-hydrogel biofilm-constructs for the routine evaluation of biocide formulations at use strength. Aqueous solutions of Poloxamer F127 show thermo-reversible gelation, being liquid at temperatures <15°C yet robust gels at temperatures >15°C. Chilled poloxamer solutions (30%w/v) were made up in tryptone soya br...

Poloxamer F127 is a di-block co-polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. Aqueous solutions show thermo-reversible gelation, being liquid at temperatures < 15 °C and robust gels at temperatures > 15 °C. Chilled poloxamer solutions (30% w/v) were inoculated with approximately 104-5 cfu ml-1 of stationary phase cultures of Pseudomonas aerugino...

The project started with an industry survey of commercial cleaning and sanitation agents used in the Nordic countries. Based on this survey a list of different types of priorized cleaning agents and disinfectants were included. The variation in testing procedures and scientific data acheived for these agents raised the motivation to prepare a harmo...

A microbiological screening method for the detection of irradiation of frozen poultry meat was developed on the basis of the combined use of total cell count by the direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) and viable cell count by the aerobic plate count method (APC). Samples of ground, deboned poultry leg were irradiated or not with dose leve...

Zusammenfassung. Es wurde ein mikrobiologisches Ver-fahren zum Nachweis der Bestrahlung von tiefgefrorenem Htihnerfleisch auf der Basis kombinierten Einsatzes direk-ter Epifluoreszenzfiltertechnik (DEFT) und Kolonieausz~h-lung (APC) entwickelt. Die Proben-knochenfreie, zer-kleinerte Hahnerschenkel-waren entweder unbestrahlt oder mit einem Elektrone...

Risk Assessment of Microbial Problems and Preventive Actions in Food Industry. Wirtanen, Gun; Salo, Satu (eds). VTT Symposium : 251, 75 - 76 SAFOODNET - Food Safety and Hygiene Networking within New Member States and Associated Candidate Countries. Istanbul, Turkey, 22 - 23 Oct. 2007

Risk Assessment of Microbial Problems and Preventive Actions in Food Industry. Wirtanen, Gun; Salo, Satu (eds). VTT Symposium : 251, 77 - 78 SAFOODNET - Food Safety and Hygiene Networking within New Member States and Associated Candidate Countries. Istanbul, Turkey, 22 - 23 Oct. 2007

Kehittyvä Elintarvike Vol.20 Nr.6, 43

Microbial Risk Management in Food Processes. Wirtanen, Gun & Salo, Satu (eds.). VTT Symposium 260, 82 - 83

Risk Management by Hygienic Design and Efficient Sanitation Programs. Wirtanen, Gun & Salo, Salo (eds.). VTT Symposium 261, 136 - 137

Mallas ja Olut Nr.1:2010, 24 - 25

41st R3-Nordic Symposium. Cleanroom technology, contamination control and cleaning, Dipoli, Espoo, Finland, May 25 - 26, 2010. Wirtanen, Gun & Salo, Satu. VTT Symposium 266, 199 - 207 VTT is the biggest multitechnological applied research organisation in Northern Europe, which creates new technology and science-based innovations in co-operation wit...

RenhetsTeknik Vol.37 Nr.3, 21 - 25