Sathish Kumar Manoharan

Bapatla College of Pharmacy · Pharmacology

Neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the progressive damage to the structure and functions of the components of central nervous system (CNS) and/or the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Millions of people are affected worldwide by various types of neurodegenerative diseases, among which Alzheimer’s disease...

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuries, it is being widely used for its medicinal properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of A. marmelos. Materials a...

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuriesit is being widely used for its medicinal properties. The objective of the study was to evaluate the cardiovascular changes inalloxan induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. 5 treatment groups (...

The present study was undertaken to explore the cardioprotective potential of bioflavonoids against isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Cardiotoxicity was induced by isoproterenol (85mg/kg body weight) in animals. Blood biochemical, hematological parameters, urinalysis and histopathological studies were carried to assess the cardio protec...

The present study was undertaken to explore the neuroprotective potential of bioflavonoids against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicity was induced by CCl4 (3ml/kg body weight) in wistar rats. Blood biochemical, hematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out to assess the neuroprotective...

Background: Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are the main manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which appears to be caused by exposure to androgenized models have developed and investigated to study the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the modulatory effects of Commiphora wightii (C.wightii) resins...

A simple, rapid and highly efficient solvent-free synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines (BTZ 01-20) was carried out by the reaction of aryl chalcones with 2-aminothiophenol using silica gel as solid surface and zinc acetate as catalyst. The clean reaction conditions, shorter reaction time and high yields and purity of products are important...

The present study was designed to evaluate antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of leaf extracts of Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh in rodents. The ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts were tested for antinociceptive and antipyretic activities. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using thremoceptive models namely eddy's Hot plate and tail flick...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is said to be the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with a heterogeneous presentation, which includes hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. PCOS usually has a peripubertal onset; the present review discusses the causes, complications, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith leaf extracts against pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in swiss albino mice. 20 swiss albino mice were selected and divided into five groups of four mice. The treatment groups were Group 1: Control group (0.9% normal saline, 5ml/ kg, i.p); Group-2:...

The aim of this study was to assess the anticonvulsant activity of Tragia plukenetii R Smith leaf extracts against maximal electroshock seizures (MES) in mice. 20 swiss albino mice were selected and divided into five groups of four mice. The treatment groups were Group 1: Control group (0.9% normal saline, 5ml/ kg, i.p); Group-2: Standard group (ph...

Phytochemical investigation on the roots, stems and aerial parts of Strobilanthes ciliatus Nees (Family. Acanthaceae) was conducted. The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of the Strobilanthes ciliatus Nees was evaluated by Human RBC membrane stabilization method. Diclofenac (50 g/ml) was used as...

The study of was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic activity of Tecoma stans flower extracts using Eddy's hot plate method in mice. The study comprised of six treatment groups namely: control, standard and test (Tecoma stans aqueous and ethanol flower extracts 200 and 400 mg) all with five animals in each group. Analgesic activity was evaluated b...

The aim of this study was to assess the anticonvulsant activity of Tragia plukenetii R Smith leaf extracts against maximal electroshock seizures (MES) in mice. 20 swiss albino mice were selected and divided into five groups of four mice. The treatment groups were Group 1: Control group (0.9% normal saline, 5ml/ kg, i.p); Group-2: Standard group (ph...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith leaf extracts against pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in swiss albino mice. 20 swiss albino mice were selected and divided into five groups of four mice. The treatment groups were Group 1: Control group (0.9% normal saline, 5ml/ kg, i.p); Group-2:...

The study of was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Tecoma stans flower extracts using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. Paw oedema was produced by the injection of carrageenan underneath the plantar region of hind limb in rats. The study comprised of six treatment groups namely: control, standard and test (Tecoma stans...

The study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-catatonic effects of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith methanolic leaf extracts using phenothiazine induced catatonia in rats. Catatonia was produced by the administration of phenothiazine in Wistar rats. The study comprised of three treatment groups (Control, Standard and Test - Tragia plukenetii methanolic l...

The study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith leaf extracts using eddy's hot plate method, undiluted fresh egg albumin induced rat paw oedema method respectively. The study comprised of four treatment groups (control, standard and test - Tragia plukenetii aqueous and methanolic leaf...

The study of was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Tecoma stans leaf extracts using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. Paw oedema was produced by the injection of carrageenan underneath the plantar region of hind limb in rats. The study comprised of three treatment groups namely: control, standard and test (Tecoma stans...

The main purpose of an oral tablet is to deliver to the human body a certain and defined amount of drug through the gastro intestinal system. Studies on the bioavailability of drugs from a given dosage form revealed that, in many situations, tablet with the same drug and drug content did not give the same therapeutic effect. Formulation additives i...

INTRODUCTION The whole plant of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith (Family: Euphorbiaceae) is a erect, sub erect or prostrate herb, sometimes annual, up to 90 cm long, rarely more and liansscent; indumentums sparse, mostly of painful stinging hairs, distributed throughout India from Punjab and lower Himalayas eastwards to Assam and Meghalaya, ascending up...

The study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-convulsant, diuretic and saluretic activity of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith leaf extracts using Maximal Electroshock Method (MAS), Lipchitz method respectively. The study comprised of four treatment groups (control, standard and test-Tragia plukenetii aqueous and methanolic leaf extract) all with three an...

The aim and objective of the research was to develop a robust and stable formulation of the selected anti-retroviral drug (nevirapine) which includes preparation of standard curve for the selected drug nevirapine, selection of polymers and its proportion to be used in the formulation, preparation of mucoadhesive microcapsules of nevirapine using di...

Urolithiasis is a major health problem in south East Asia. This disease in India is characterized by endemic occurrence in a distinct geographical pattern the reasons for this is unclear. It has been suggested that dietary patterns of the population may play an important role in development of urolithiasis. The most painful urologic disorder is for...

The methanolic leaf extract of Typha angustata was intended to evaluate the effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using a number of neuro pharmacological experimental models like open field test, hole board apparatus in mice. The extract, at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight was shown significant CNS depressant activity by reduction in rearing...

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which effects older individuals and is the most common cause of dementia. Deficiency of acetyl choline and deposition of β-amyloid protein in the form of senile plagues, formation of Neurofibrillary tangles in brain leads to Alzheimer's disease. Glutamate (NMDA) antagonist and choline...

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which effects older individuals and is the most common cause of dementia. Deficiency of acetyl choline and deposition of β-amyloid protein in the form of senile plagues, formation of Neurofibrillary tangles in brain leads to Alzheimer's disease. Glutamate (NMDA) antagonist and choline...

Typical antipsychotics drugs like phenothiazine like chlorpromazine or perphenazine and haloperidol will produce extra pyramidal side effects (catatonic symptoms) like tremors, muscular rigidity and bradykinesia. Due to presence of low level of dopamine, g-amino butyric acid (GABA) and high levels of glutamate in brain phenothiazines produces catat...

Many herbal remedies have so far been employed for the treatment and management of various ailments since the beginning of human civilization. Tecoma stans linn. (Bignoniaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Mexico and India. Tecoma stans seems to hold great potential for in-depth investigation for various biological activities. Through this revi...

The main purpose of an oral tablet is to deliver to the human body a certain and defined amount of drug through the gastro intestinal system. Studies on the bioavailability of drugs from a given dosage form revealed that, in many situations, tablet with the same drug and drug content did not give the same therapeutic effect. Formulation additives i...

Urolithiasis is the process of stone formation in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra. Herbal drugs are reported to be effective in the treatment of urolithiasis with no side effects. The aim of our Study is to assess the effects of dried leaves of Glochidion velutinium (GV) as a preventive agent in experimentally induced urolithiasis model in rats...

Spatial memory, according to neuroscience, is the part of memory responsible for recording one's environment and its spatial orientation. For example, spatial memory is needed to learn the location of food at the end of the maze. It is often argued that in both humans and animals. Spatial memory has representations within working, short term and lo...

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae), also known as sacred lotus, is a well known medicinal plant. Nelumbo nucifera (family Nymphaeaceae) are free floating plants.The methanolic extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves was obtained by soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening by using standard proce...

The process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (urinary tract) is called as Urolithiasis. Stones form twice as often in men as women. The hallmark of stones that obstruct the ureter or renal pelvis is excruciating, intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or to the genital area and inner thigh. The stone typ...

Inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation at various sites in the GI tract, which results in diarrhea and abdominal pain. This review summarizes the types, epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical signs and symp...

Addiction is an important health problem which is characterized by a chronic relapsing disease with implications in social and economic life. Addiction research begins with the neurotransmitters and their mechanisms by which drugs acts and shows their effects. In this review we have presented an overview to summarize the role of neurotransmitters i...

Hebbs William maze is used for studying learning, memory and reasoning in animals. The clever the rat, the more quickly it is able to make use of past experience and therefore more quickly it learns its way out in the maze. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Tragia plukenetii R.Smith leaf extracts on learning, memory and reasoning mo...

Inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation at various sites in the GI tract, which results in diarrhea and abdominal pain. This review summarizes the types, epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical signs and symp...

Benzimidazole is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound. Imidazoles are the solids at room temperature. Having very much usefulness in current therapeutic applications in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. This compounds having the bicyclic in nature having the fusion of benzene and imidazole the basic moiety present in Benzimidazole is the N-...

Typha angustata is perennial plant. And is an Aquatic weed is widely grown in water logged areas and belongs to the Typhaceae family in plant kingdom. Typha is a genus of Typha angustata. It contains eleven species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. The Genus has a largely northern hemisphere distribution but it essential...

Blood collection techniques in common laboratory animals

Malaria is an endemic disease caused by the plasmodium species. Several antimalarial drugs are introduced to reduce the death rates due to malaria. Chloroquine (CQ) was most widely used among others, according to WHO reported that CQ got resistance. Chinese plant shows antimalarial effect due to chemical constituent artemisinin. Artemensin is the r...