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Publications (72)
This study presents the characterization and application of different pretreatment possibilities to optimize simple carbohydrate production from representative feedstock, followed by ethanol production through optimized saccharification steps using suitable microorganisms. Total soluble carbohydrates and carbohydrate yield were evaluated using dilu...
Biofuels are clean and renewable energy resources gaining increased attention as a potential replacement for non-renewable petroleum-based fuels. They are derived from biomass that could either be animal-based or belong to any of the three generations of plant biomass (agricultural crops, lignocellulosic materials, or algae). Over 130 studies inclu...
Polymeric and composite materials are ubiquitous today. However, to improve their sustainability, it is of paramount importance to make sure that their waste does not end up in landfill or in the environment, and to to find ways to recover and reuse these materials in useful and profitable applications. To contribute to building a resource-efficien...
The recovery and recycling/upcycling of plastics and polymer-based materials is needed in order to reduce plastic waste accumulated over decades. Mechanical recycling processes have made a great contribution to the circularity of plastic materials, contributing to 99% of recycled thermoplastics. Challenges facing this family of processes limit its...
In this work, a comparative kinetic study of the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol was carried out in two reactors, the first was batch and the second was continuous. The operating conditions of the reaction were a molar ratio of 6:1 (MeOH: Oil) at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 ° C, and 1% of KOH used as a catalyst.
The con...
To alleviate the unbearable pressure on forests in Europe, the use of lower quality woody materials or wastes and agricultural fuels is emerging for the production of heat. The two major challenges of using these types of fuels are associated with the chemical composition variability and some fuel characteristics that could trigger potential issues...
The present study aims to investigate a suitable biodiesel production process. Two reactors called serpentin-3D (S-3D) and
New-Serpentin-3D (NS-3D), operating in continuous mode, are used to produce biodiesel. The thermal and dynamic characterizations of both reactors are numerically examined for several Reynolds number values. In addition, the con...
Pyrolysis and gasification are two promising thermochemical conversion processes to transform biomass feedstocks into valuable fuels. Pyrolysis leads to the generation of biochar, tar (or bio-oil), and permanent gas while gasification produces mainly a syngas. This study explores the slow pyrolysis (550 °C) and steam pyro-gasification (850 °C), in...
The development of biofuels from oleaginous biomass has attracted a great deal of interest not only because of the environment pollution but also because of the rapid depletion of the fossil fuel reserves. Among the biomass conversion processes, the solvolysis reaction has shown to be an interesting solution which allows the direct conversion of ra...
The aim of this work is to optimize the supercritical liquefaction process of rapeseeds in order to produce a bio-oil with low viscosity. Reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, residence time, and solvent to biomass ratio, were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the...
This paper aimed to investigate the conversion of sunflower seeds to bio-char through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process. The effect of reaction temperature (X1, 240–320 °C), residence time (X2, 10–60 min) and biomass/solvent ratio (X3, 20–80%) was analyzed and optimized using full factorial design of response surface methodology. The develope...
Concerns over climate change have driven the decarbonization of the building sector, the largest energy consumer in France. This consumption is primarily dedicated to heating and cooling. Thermal insulation in construction plays an important role in the minimization of operational energy consumption. Currently, insulation is performed via mineral a...
The increased use of fossil fuels in the transportation sector has led to an exponential rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major cause of global warming resulting in climate change and extreme weather conditions. This study explores the ways of reducing the CO2 emission from the exhaust of a common rail engin...
Hydrothermal liquefaction is a thermochemical conversion process used to convert biomass into biocrude under subcritical or supercritical conditions, using suitable solvents and catalysts. This work studies the heat diffusion and medium pressurization inside a hydrothermal liquefaction batch reactor using experiments conducted at lab-scale, and, si...
Bio-oil production from sunflower seeds, as model components, was carried out in supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction conditions. The effects of operating parameters such as temperature, time, and biomass/solvent mass ratio were investigated. Response surface methodology based on full factorial design was utilized to optimize the operating condi...
The transportation sector is a major emitter of carbon dioxide emissions. It is a known fact that carbon dioxide is the cause of global warming which has resulted in extreme weather conditions as well as climate change. In this study a combination of different methods of expediting the CO2 emission from a single cylinder common rail direct injectio...
Plastic pyrolysis is widely studied and implemented at lab-scale but rarely modelled numerically. For the sake of designing efficient industrial reactors, modelling plastic pyrolysis process at particle scale could be a prerequisite. Therefore, the aim of this work is to model the whole plastic pyrolysis process, on particle scale, for polypropylen...
Olive pomace (OP) and olive pomace oil (OPO) are low-cost, non-edible, by-products of olive oil processing. Converting OPO into biodiesel by (trans-)esterification and olive pomace into a heterogeneous acid catalyst by sulfonation with sulfuric acid could promote waste-to-energy actions. OPO has a high fatty acid content of 126.39 mgKOH/goil, which...
One of the utmost challenges faced by developing countries is its energy sector. The epileptic power supply in some of these countries is becoming alarming and this is somewhat due to its over-reliance on fossil fuels which is not reliable enough to meet the energy needs of the populace. Fossil fuels are well-known to be dangerous to the environmen...
The proliferation of cassava agro-food industries leads serious environmental problems due to the pollutants organic wastes discharge into the environment and heavy pressure put on forest resources to meet their internal energy needs. Biogas generated by anaerobic digestion is a versatile renewable energy vector regarding to the methane content whi...
Plastic pyrolysis is a solution for the dilemma of enormous plastic waste accumulation and an alternative source of energy, which converts plastic wastes into a wide range of fuels and chemicals by thermal decomposition. The concept is widely validated and applied at lab-scale in terms of characterisation of the process and its by-products. On the...
In this work, the esterification reaction of fat trap grease (FTG) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content (166 mgKOH/g) was studied using methanol as a reagent and sulfuric acid as catalyst, in a continuous chaotic mixer-reactor. Esterification reached its chemical equilibrium in 1 h compared to 5 h in a mechanically stirred batch reactor. The eff...
Solid acid catalyst was produced from olive pomace (OP), characterized and used for the esterification of OP oil. OP was pyrolyzed, physical activated by steam and sulfonated using sulfuric acid. Commercial, coconut husk-based, activated carbon (CHAC) was also sulfonated for comparison. The activation has shown a significant increase in olive pomac...
A new transesterification reactor, operating in continuous mode, has been designed, made and tested experimentally in order
to produce a biodiesel from rapeseed oil. This reactor is an alternative solution to the batch system existing in the industry.
It is composed of three-dimensional serpentine geometry (S-3D). The flow in this geometry is lamin...
Akilbenza clay (Akil) was characterized by XRD, FT-TIR, XRF, EDX, SEM, and N2 gas adsorption. The adsorption performance for Cu(II) ions by this clay was also studied. Akil is composed mainly of kaolinite with mica illite and quartz as minor minerals. The ATR-FTIR analysis shows Si-O-Al, Si-O, Al-O, Si-OH, and Al-OH as the main functional groups. S...
Biomass pretreatment is the most important yet challenging process in biofuel production, with the aim of making part of the biomass more accessible for further treatment. There are four fundamental types of pretreatment techniques employed for bioethanol production: physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological. Wet oxidation (WO) in fact is...
One of the potential resources of biomass in Indonesia is from palm oil. By the massive amount of waste palm oil, transformation wastes into high valuable material such as bio-fuel become an answer to solve the problem in waste treatment. A transformation of waste to bio-fuel becomes the main target to fulfil energy demand in transportation sector...
This paper aimed to investigate the conversion of sunflower seeds to bio-char through
hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process. The effect of reaction temperature (𝐗𝟏, 240-320°C), residence time (𝐗𝟐, 10-60min) and biomass/solvent ratio (𝐗𝟑, 20-80%) were
analyzed and optimized using full factorial design of response surface methodology. The developed...
Cassava processing in Republic of Benin, which is used to produce different food products, generates a large amount of polluting organic matter into the environment in the form of peels and wastewater. Besides, water hyacinth a rich nitrogen plant invades Benin water streams leading in aquatic ecosystem asphyxia and blocks the navigation. Both cass...
In the present work, Pistacia lentiscus (PL) biodiesel was produced by converting PL oil with a single-step homogenous alkali catalyzed transesterification process. Several ethanol/vegetable oil molar ratio values (6–12:1), temperatures from 40 to 70 °C and KOH catalyst amounts in the range 0.6–1.8 wt% were considered. The response surface methodol...
In the present work, an optimization method called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was applied to study the kinetics of alkali-catalyzed rapeseed oil transesterification, using methanol, in a batch process. The validation of the PSO program was realized using numerical and experimental data from literature. The PSO method resulted in a 4 times lo...
La synthèse des biodiesels à partir des déchets graisseux à haute teneur en acides gras libres se fait en deux étapes ; l'estérification d'abord puis la transestérification. L'ajout d'un prétraitement (l'estérification) augmente la consommation énergétique et le coût du procédé. Dans le présent travail, la réaction d'estérification de trois types d...
Biodiesel is a very promising alternative fuel that has its place in the future energy mix. The dependence of fuel properties on fatty acids profile will influence the choice of feedstock or appropriate treatment that it should undergo in order to respect biodiesel standards. The objective of this study is to find models that predict biodiesel’s vi...
Plastic Pyrolysis is a thermal degradation process; it offers an important alternative energy. The aim of this study is to model a batch reactor to be used for plastic pyrolysis. Consequently, four experiments with different heating and cooling cycles are done using an empty pyrolysis batch reactor and four temperatures are measured at different lo...
In this work, a study of the deactivation and reuse of USY zeolite for the pyrolysis of polyethylene has been carried out in a batch reactor at 500 °C. From the different tested zeolite/plastic ratios, 1/10 is the optimal ratio which allows giving rise to a liquid product free of wax. Regeneration was established by heating at 500 °C for 3 h coked...
Formulation of a novel microemulsion(ME) fuel with diesel/colza oil blend and investigation of its emission, combustion and energy performance in a diesel engine with direct injection system is reported. The new ME was prepared using diesel/colza oil (4:1) (75%), water (5%), n-butanol (10%), Brij 30(8%) and of Tween 80 (2%). This blend is an econom...
Catalytic degradation of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and their mixtures with different proportions (20:80, 50:50, and 80:20) using USY zeolite, was studied in a continuous pilot plant at 500 °C, with a plastic/catalyst ratio of 10:1. The liquid fraction derived from the catalytic pyrolysis of PP and that of PE was dominated by a (C5–C7) h...
In this work, a predictive model has been developed in order to investigate the dual-fuel diesel engine operating on different gaseous fuels. A thermodynamic single zone modeling of the engine in dual-fuel (DF) mode was carried out to understand the characteristics of combustion and to predict the cylinder pressure. Tow primary fuels were tested, n...
In our earlier works, the catalyst USY zeolite was tested for the pyrolysis of High density polyethylene (HDPE). It yielded 71% liquid oil that could be separated into diesel and gasoline-like fractions [3]. However, the high cost of this catalyst led to the present study where the effects of different low-cost catalysts on catalytic cracking of HD...
In this work, experimental investigations are carried out to evaluate the performance and efficiency of a biodiesel-fuelled engine. The tests were conducted on a direct-injection compression ignition engine, equipped with two acquisition stations, one for measuring high frequency signals (e.g. in-cylinder pressure), the other for measuring low freq...
The objective of the present work is first to estimate the degradation level of an old RO membrane taken from Mauritania (North West Africa) in terms of water permeability, salts rejection, roughness changes and chemical analysis in order to diagnose its level of degradation during its first life during seawater desalination. Then old RO spacers (m...
In this work, an experimental investigation was conducted to analyze dual fuel (DF) engine operation using synthetic biogas fuel under high load at constant percentage energy substitution rate (PES). The performance, ignition delay, and other combustion characteristics of engines operating in dual fuel mode (biogas/diesel), are compared to the conv...
The aims of this study is to investigate the performance, combustion and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, air cooled, direct injection (DI), compression ignition engine using biodiesel from non-edible feedstock. In this work, biodiesel (B100) used to lead this investigation is Citrullus colocynthis L. methyl ester (CCME) and its blends B30 w...
Les biocarburants sont une voie intéressante pour la substitution des carburants fossiles. Les moteurs existant peuvent fonctionner avec un mélange de biodiesel et de gasoil ou même avec du biodiesel pur. La présence du biodiesel dans le combustible induit des changements importants sur le processus de combustion. Ces changements sont susceptibles...
Powder of scrap truck tire was pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor equipped with a water-cooled liquid recovery system and a gas sampling valve. A sampling system was set up and the quantitative and qualitative analyses of pyrolytic vapors were performed for heating rates (HR) ranging from 5 to 25 °C.min⁻¹. HR which practically has no influence on the...
In this work, simultaneous transesterification and thermochemical liquefaction of Pistacia atlantica, an oleaginous plant, using ethanol as a reagent and a solvent was studied. Experiments were performed under temperatures ranging from 300 to 450 °C and pressures ranging from 40 to 85 bar. Effects of temperature and pressure on conversion rate, bio...
Plastics have become an indispensable part of our daily life. Due to its non biodegradable nature it cannot be easily disposed off. Pyrolysis is a tertiary recycling method which can convert plastics into valuable petroleum resources. In this work, pyrolysis of waste high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic was carried out in a fixed bed reactor he...
Biodiesel is currently seen as an interesting substitute for diesel fuel due to the continuing depletion of petroleum reserves and the environment pollution emerging from exhaust emissions. The present work is an experimental study conducted on a DI diesel engine running with either pistacia lentiscus (PL) biodiesel or its blends with conventional...
Attempts to use many types of biofuel have been tried throughout the past. Waste cooking oils (WCO) represent attractive alternatives to edible fat and oils for the production of biodiesel fuel from different points of view: they are inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production. At the same time, using this kind of feedstock eliminates food versu...
Low cost catalytic pyrolysis options were studied by using spent and regenerated ZSM-5, RDF char and oyster shell in the pyrolysis of RDF. The pyrolysis was performed at a temperature of 500 °C, sweeping gas flow rate of 20 ml/min and heating rate of 10 °C/min. The catalysts were effective in reducing tar yield and oxygen content and increasing the...
Experimental investigation is carried out in order to study the effect of power input on the pyrolysis process of waste tires (WT). Three different power input levels i.e., 750 W, 1500 W and 3000 W have been used to heat the reactor to 500 °C. The part of energy that was effectively consumed for thermal cracking of rubber and in evaporating the vol...
These last years, much of researches were carried out to find the appropriate substitution fuel to the fossil fuels. The use of biofuel prepared from non-edible vegetable oils are becoming a promising source to produce a fuel for diesel engine, commonly referred to as "biodiesel". Considering the high oil extraction yield (around 40%) and the great...
Modern society is facing two major problems: energy sources depletion and
environment degradation because of wastes accumulation. The waste to
energy vector contributes to simultaneous solutions of both problems. In
this chapter biodiesel production via alkali catalyzed process was produced
from waste cooking oils having different acid values. It w...
The modern society is, nowadays, facing two major problems: the energy sources depletion
and the degradation of the ecologic system because of wastes rejection. The energetic valorization of
wastes contributes on the resolution of both problems.
In the present work, a feasibility study of an industrial pilot scale installation for the production of...
In this article, the transesterification of three types of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol and ethanol was studied using alkali catalyzed process. The catalyst used in this study was sodium hydroxide. The effects of temperature, catalyst amount, alcohol to oil ratio, and the time of reaction on the yield were studied. The temperature and the...
Fat trap grease is a cheap source for biodiesel production, but until now its transformation into biofuel is not well studied. The effects of the use of biodiesel from degraded raw material on combustion in engines are not discussed by researchers. In this paper, engine tests were performed on biodiesel produced from animal fat residues (AFRBD) col...
Biodiesel is a promising alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuel because it is renewable and its
extensive use in unmodified engines has proved to be very successful. However, its future use may be
limited by the higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions that are typically generated relative to
petroleum diesel. This paper deals with the numeric...
The pyrolysis of light duty passenger vehicles waste tires is investigated in this paper using TG/DTG technique and batch pyrolysis reactor.
TG results show that the range of temperature where the pyrolysis takes place is between 200°C and 500°C. The optimal percentage of volatile maters (liquid and gas products) is about 58 ± 1% under different co...
Animal fat residues (AFR) from waste water were used as feedstock to produce biodiesel by a two-step acid-catalyzed process. Treatment of the AFRs with 5.4% (w/w) of 17M H(2)SO(4) at a methanol/AFR ratio of 13:1 (50%w/w) at 60°C converted more than 95% of the triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with an acid value (AV) of 1.3mg(KOH)/...
Biofuels are a promising alternative to petroleum-based fuels. This paper investigates the performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on baseline diesel and biofuel produced by vegetable oil and processing animal fat. The vegetable oil is called PODL20, which is a blend of palm oil and D-Limonen in pr...
The purposes of this study are to elaborate a diesel engine bio-fuel using animal fat wastes (WAF) as raw material, and to identify the effect of principal elements on the process design. In order to accomplish our goals, we studied the transesterification of these WAF with methanol and using sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) as catalyst. Also the physical c...
We studied the transesterification of two types of waste cooking oil (WCO), with methanol and ethanol using NaOH. Also the physical characteristics of produced biodiesel were studied and compared to the European standard EN 14214. The WCO used in this study was collected from the École des Mines de Nantes university's restaurant. We used to search...