Sarvajeet Singh Gill

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Sarvajeet verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• M.Sc.(Gold Medal), M.Phil., Ph.D (AMU) Post Doc (ICGEB)
• Professor (Associate) at Maharshi Dayanand University

Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA which ultimately results in oxidative stress. The ROS comprises both free radical (O(2)(-), superoxide radicals; OH, hydroxyl radical; HO(2), perhydroxy radica...

The exact mechanism of helicase-mediated salinity tolerance is not yet understood. We have isolated a DESD-box containing cDNA from Pisum sativum (Pea) and named it as PDH45. It is a unique member of DEAD-box helicase family; containing DESD instead of DEAD/H. PDH45 overexpression driven by constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus-35S promoter in rice...

The eukaryotic pre-replicative complex (Pre-RC), including heterohexameric minichromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) proteins, ensures that the DNA in genome is replicated only once per cell division cycle. The MCMs provide DNA unwinding function during the DNA replication. Since MCM proteins play essential role in cell division and most likely are affec...

The helicases provide duplex unwinding function in an ATP-dependent manner and thereby play important role in almost all the nucleic acids transaction. Since stress reduces the protein synthesis by affecting the cellular gene expression machinery, so it is evident that molecules involved in nucleic acid processing including translation factors/heli...

Metal contamination of soils has become a worldwide problem and great environmental threat, as these metals accumulate in soils and plants in excess, and enter the food chain. Increased cadmium (Cd) uptake from contaminated soils leads to altered plant metabolism and limits the crop productivity. The experimental crop, Lepidium sativum L. (Garden C...

Metalloids pose significant concerns for risk assessors and toxicologists due to their well-documented hazards to plant systems and yield penalties. Certain metalloids such as boron, selenium, and silicon are essential or beneficial for healthy plant growth; others like arsenic, tellurium, antimony, and germanium are highly toxic to plants, dependi...

The present study was conducted to test the efficacy of Serendipita indica in Brassica juncea against cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd is a trace element that enters into plants through contaminated soil. Serendipita indica is a fungal endophyte which colonizes and benefits exceptionally large group of plants. Roots of 3-days old B. juncea seedlings were in...

The importance of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) for humans has been recognized since ancient times for treating diseases of themselves and animals based on their traditional knowledge. In the past few decades, the requirement for medicinal plants has increased and resulted in their increased cultivation. However, different biotic and abiotic...

Due to frequently changing global climatic conditions, the frequency of abiotic stresses such as unexpected flooding, drought, different temperature regimes leading high or low temperature, soil salinization, and nutrient deficiency or toxicity has been dramatically increased. These stresses are important threats to sustainable agriculture causing...

The global population is continuously expanding at an unpredictable rate, so food insecurity is the biggest threat that puts excessive pressure on the agriculture system to meet the food demand for everyone. It is imperative to develop and utilize innovative agriculture solutions to overcome food insecurity. The integration of nanotechnology and fe...

Global agriculture is facing the wrath of climatic stresses, which significantly impact global food production and demand. Continuously changing global climatic conditions leading to prolonged climate extremes like flooding and drought, extreme precipitation, brusque temperature fluctuations, soil salinization, land degradation and decreased soil f...

Environmental conditions in the form of a variety of stress factors adversely affected the growth, development, and productivity of crop plants globally. Due to the rapid expansion of the global population and increased life expectancy, the huge requirements for food increased significantly, which further led to an increase in the production of foo...

Various abiotic stress factors like severe temperature events, continuous drought in several parts of the world, soil salinization and sodicity, and heavy rainfall leading to flooding significantly impact global agriculture. Such events are likely to become more severe in the future due to global climate change. The global population continues to g...

Biological nitrogen fixation is significantly effective and sustainable field procedure for the promotion of plant growth & development and reducing the burden of chemical fertilizers. In the present investigation, plant growth promoting activities of indigenous bio-fertilizer formulations of Azotobacter and Azospirillum spp. isolated from rice pot...

Abiotic stresses come in a new form with changing global climatic conditions and make their way by disrupting the vital physiological, biochemical and molecular events of plants leading to significant yield losses. Among various abiotic stresses, salinity stress is one of the major abiotic constraints to plant growth and production globally. Salini...

Salinity is a crucial problem affecting the productivity of crops across the globe and poses a serious threat to agricultural food production and food security. Salinity stress adversely affects the growth and development of plants by reducing growth attributes, chlorophyll content, and relative water content and further, led to nutritional toxicit...

Amino acid transporters (AATs), besides, being a crucial component for nutrient partitioning system are also vital for growth and development of the plants and stress resilience. In order to understand the role of AAT genes in seed quality proteins, a comprehensive analysis of AAT gene family was carried out in chickpea leading to identification of...

Heavy metals are one of the major causes of environmental pollution, which has been increasing rapidly due to anthropogenic activities. It has become a matter of concern for human beings themselves. Higher acquisition of heavy metals affects crop productivity and quality. Plant’s ability to absorb the metals from the soil is determined by the physi...

Govindjee (90th Birthday Occasion) We dedicate this book “Biostimulants in Alleviation of Metal Toxicity in Plants: Emerging Trends and Opportunities” to our wonderful friend Govindjee on the occasion of his 90th birthday. Govindjee has distinguished himself throughout his career in part due to his more than 60 years of outstanding research on pho...

Tomato is an important horticultural crop of global importance but its susceptibility to salinity stress significantly retards growth and thereby its yield. The impact of gaseous hormone, ethylene, accentuates the effect of salinity stress by negatively regulating various growth and developmental processes. Ethylene overproduction and ionic imbalan...

Anthropogenic activities involving industrialization, urbanization, changes in land use, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers have contributed significantly to the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids in agricultural soils, affecting yield production and representing a latent risk to human health. Plants produce diverse molecules...

Biostimulants are a growing field in agriculture that hold the potential to increase crop yields, improve plant growth and resilience, and reduce the environmental impact of farming practices. Biostimulants contain a variety of substances such as humic and fulvic acids, amino acids, and seaweed extracts that stimulate plant growth and improve nutri...

Globally, abiotic stresses pose a serious threat to crop production, particularly due to heavy metal contaminants in agriculturally viable soils. Abiotic stresses cause excessive production of reactive oxygen species, thus leading to membrane, nucleic acid damage and reduced photosynthetic efficiency, etc. Therefore crop production as well as their...

Heavy metals are toxic for the growth and development of plants and can accumulate in the soil, leading to soil and water contamination. Biostimulants have been shown to alleviate heavy metal stress in plants through a variety of mechanisms, including enhancing plant nutrient uptake, improving antioxidant defense mechanisms, and increasing the acti...

Main conclusion Plant and the soil-associated microbiome is important for imparting bacterial wilt disease tolerance in plants. Abstract Plants are versatile organisms that are endowed with the capacity to withstand various biotic and abiotic stresses despite having no locomotory abilities. Being the agent for bacterial wilt (BW) disease, Ralstoni...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators of diverse biological processes of plants. However, the evolution and potential functions of circRNAs during winter dormancy and spring bud flushing of tea plant is largely unknown. Using RNA-seq data, a total of 1184 circRNAs were identified in the winter dormant and spring bud flushing leaf sample...

Aluminium (Al) is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Globally, acidic soil occupies 30–40% of ice-free land areas; Al toxicity is a major threat to crops. The first symptom of Al toxicity is the inhibition of root growth followed by poor root hair development, swollen root apices, necrosis of leaves and reduced yield. Although Ri...

Heavy metal contamination of soil poses a serious threat to soil quality and crop productivity worldwide. Heavy metals in the environment affect all life forms, whereas lighter metals could be toxic, depending on their accumulation in body tissues. Anthropogenic activities have subsidized their discharge from natural sources to water bodies, atmosp...

RuvBL, is a member of SF6 superfamily of helicases and is conserved among the various model systems. Recently, rice (Oryza sativa L.) homolog of RuvBL has been biochemically characterized for its ATPase and DNA helicase activities; however its involvement in stress has not been studied so far. Present investigation reports the detailed functional c...

Low biomass yield and lipid production limits the development of microalgae-derived biodiesel on a wide scale. However, the use of photo-responsive nanomaterials as a substrate for microalgae can resolve these issues and enhance its economic viability. The current investigation highlights the potential of graphene oxide; graphitic carbon nitride (G...

Impact of nanoparticles on agriculture and soil: an introduction

Effects of nanoparticles on the plant growth under salinity stress conditions

The tomato is well-known for its anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties, and with a wide range of health benefits is an important cash crop for human well-being. However, environmental stresses (especially abiotic) are having a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity, including tomato. In this review, authors describe how salinity st...

Contamination of the environment (soil and water) due to rapid urbanization, industrialization practices, luxurious use of agrochemicals (chemical fertilizers and pesticides), heavy metals, and metalloids poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. The present volume exclusively deals with phytoremediation practices and management o...

The rapid increase in the global population, urbanization and industrialization, electroplating, nonferrous metal smelting, mine tailing, and intensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture has increased the frequency of addition of metals, metalloids, and pesticides into the soil, water, and environment, and poses a severe threat on crop productivit...

Helopeltis theivora or the tea mosquito bug (TMB) is reportedly one of the most devastating pests of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) causing threat to the beverage crop. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a group of endogenous RNAs that play gene regulatory roles in eukaryotes. In the present study, 9502 lncRNAs were identified from healthy an...

circRNAs comprise a large class of non-coding RNAs that lack free 3' and 5' ends, are covalently closed and produced by a non-canonical splicing event called backsplicing. Earlier circRNAs were regarded as worthless and called junk RNAs produced due to splicing errors but recent progress in circRNA research indicated their considerable roles in var...

EF-hand domain proteins are Ca2+ binding proteins with helix-loop-helix structural pattern and classified as CaMs, CMLs, CBLs, CDPKs, Rbohs, Myosin light chains (Mlcs) and others. Mlcs are important proteins that function through binding with IQ motifs of Myosins and respond to changes in Ca2+ ion concentration. Present study reports in silico anal...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroidal hormones that are vital for many phases of a plant’s life. It has become very clear that BRs play a key role in plant growth, development, productivity, and in response to various stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. The BR signaling pathway through cell surface...

In the era of frequently changing global climatic conditions (like temperature extremes, drought or flooding, soil and air quality or light levels) along with rapidly increasing global population, reducing agriculturally viable land area and soil microflora and soil quality degradation pose a serious threat on crop performance thus on global food s...

Contamination of soil by plastics is a global environmental issue. Plastics pollution has been detected and is showing a regular increase in both water and land ecosystems. There are many researches reporting the profound effects of plastics on soil quality parameters and its biota. This review provides information sources, abundance, distribution,...

Frequently changing environmental conditions pose serious threat to the global agriculture by putting extra burden in the form of environmental insults (biotic and abiotic factors) and challenge to food security, and thus, the global population. To ensure the food security, optimal production of agriculture is essential. Judicious and safe use of a...

In view of the rapidly increasing global population and frequently changing environmental conditions, it becomes imperative to produce more food to secure the food security which created tremendous pressure on agriculture sector to ensure more food production. To meet this demand of food production, the agriculture sector is adopting every possible...

Hazardous and Trace Materials in Soil and Plants: Sources, Effects and Management explores the latest advancements in reducing, avoiding, and eliminating soil contaminants that challenge the health and safety of agricultural crops. The combined impacts of climate change and industrialization have led to increased and diversified threats to the heal...

Calcium (Ca²⁺) is an essential element for the growth and development and provides rigidity to plant cells in calcium pectate form, and also involved in microtubule formation, cell proliferation, and stress tolerance. Ca²⁺ is a ubiquitous intracellular secondary messenger regulating the signal transduction pathway through signals encoded by differe...

Frequently changing environmental conditions pose unwarranted threat to plants life and impose serious penalties in terms of arrested growth, metabolism and ultimately the yield. Being rooted, plants cannot avoid the stresses but equipped well to survive and produce. Among the stress modulatory responses, an isoprenoid phytohormone abscisic acid (A...

Helicases function as key enzymes in salinity stress tolerance, and the role and function of PDH45 (pea DNA helicase 45) in stress tolerance have been reported in different crops with selectable markers, raising public and regulatory concerns. In the present study, we developed five lines of marker-free PDH45-overexpressing transgenic lines of rice...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS; free radical form O2•‾, superoxide radical; OH•, hydroxyl radical; ROO•, peroxyl; RO•, alkoxyl and non‐radical form 1O2, singlet oxygen; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide) are inevitable companions of aerobic life with crucial role in gut health. But, overwhelming production of ROS can cause serious damage to biomolecules. In th...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) of varied types can be yielded in plants at several primary sites (such as the chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) under normal aerobic metabolism via processes including photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. However, impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance and extreme growth conditions in plan...

Polyamines are small organic and basic polycations that perform essential regulatory functions in all living organisms. Fluctuations in polyamine content have been observed to occur during growth, development and under stress conditions, implying that polyamines play pivotal roles in diverse cellular and physiological processes. To achieve polyamin...

As a signaling molecule, calcium plays a vital role in the intracellular signaling in plants in response to various physiological and environmental factors. Signaling processes start just after stimulus-receptor interaction, and these signals are relayed and decoded by a range of calcium-binding proteins. The majority of calcium-binding proteins co...

Soil serves as a nutrient reactor and foundation for the physical support to the plant growth and development thus ensuring food security for the ever-growing global population but being a universal sink, soil put up with the significant burden of a variety of soil contaminants. Further, the unprecedented speed of urbanization and industrialization...

Rapid industrialization and urbanization practices have posed a serious threat to water and agricultural soils, therefore, harming global crop productivity and posing serious concern to food security. In large the heavy metals (HMs) such as zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), etc. when present in low amount are essential for plant m...

Main conclusion The present study demonstrates the first direct evidence of the novel role of OsACA6 in providing Cd 21 stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis and modulating ROS-scavenging pathway. Abstract Cadmium, a non-essential toxic heavy metal, interferes with the plant growth and development. It reache...

As sessile organisms, plants cannot move to find the best conditions for their growth and development and are therefore uninterruptedly exposed to adverse ecological circumstances viz., drought, salinity, temperature, heavy metal and flooding stress. Water and soil polluted with heavy metals cause an ecological threat to plant growth and productivi...

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. Emerging evidence suggest that lncRNAs by regulating gene expression can act as key regulators of diverse biological processes in plants. The identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with drought tolerance/susceptibility i...

Frequently changing climatic conditions and consistently increasing population pose a serious threat to global food security. Therefore, it is imperative to explore sustainable measures to ensure global food security. Advanced biotechnological approaches opened promising avenues for crop improvement with certain regulations. The modern agriculture...

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between the roots of plants with fungi. Among the various types of mycorrhizal fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prominent as they are obligate symbionts with a wide host range, and they play a major role in shaping ecosystems and associated productivity. Approximately 71% of vascular plant...

RuvBL, is a member of SF6 superfamily of helicases and is conserved among the various model systems. Recently rice homolog of RuvBL has been biochemically characterized for its ATPase and DNA helicase activities, however its involvement in stress is not been studied yet. This study reports the detailed functional characterization of RuvBL homolog o...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding transcripts having length of more than 200 nucleotides lacking protein-coding ability. In the present study, 12807 lncRNAs were identified in Capsicum annuum tissues exposed to abiotic stress conditions viz. heat, cold, osmotic and salinity stress. Expression analysis of lncRNAs in different t...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of small non-coding RNAs that exhibit important role in the regulation of gene expression, mostly through the mechanism of cleavage and/or inhibition of translation of the target mRNAs during or after transcription. Although much has been unravelled about the role of miRNAs in diverse biological processes li...

The mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family, a large and functionally diverse protein family belonging to the AAA + superfamily, is essential for DNA replication in all eukaryotic organisms. The MCM2-7 form a hetero-hexameric complex which serves as licensing factor necessary to ensure the proper genomic DNA replication during the S phase of cell...

The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) on photosynthetic efficiency and expression of some photosystem (PSII) related in different cultivars of Brassica oleracea L. (var. italica, capitata, and botrytis) were investigated. Plants raised from seeds subjected to a pre-sowing soaking treatment of varying concentrations of JA an...

RbAp46/RBBP7 and RbAp48/RBBP4 are WD40-repeat histone chaperones and chromatin adaptors that reside in multiple complexes involved in maintenance of chromatin structure. RbAp48 is the essential subunit of the chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) complex, therefore also named as CAF-1C. A detailed in silico sequence and structure analysis of homologs...

This book comprehensively introduces all aspects of the physiology, stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses of the Fabaceae plants. Different plant families have been providing food, fodder, fuel, medicine and other basic needs for the human and animal since the ancient time. Among the plant families Fabaceae have special importance for...

The quality of waters is disturbing day by day by various inorganic and organic pollutants. Among various strategies developed so far the technique of phytoremediation using aquatic plants is most preferable. Aquatic ecosystems are facing high level of stress and depletion due to the inputs of polluting materials. Nonetheless, there are certain spe...

The present research reports a detailed in silico analysis of Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) family in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum . Our analysis revealed five chromatin assembly factor-1 genes in P. falciparum ( Pf CAF1) and the Pf CAF-1 family was divided into two classes where, Class A belongs to the CAF-1 complex and other...

Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock. Innovative management strategies are required to maximize the benefits from the agricultural inputs, while minimizing their off-site migration and impact on the receiving environments. Agricultural, horticu...

The last decades have recorded a substantial change in habitable environments. However, for any profuse environment explored, a selection of microbes and plants has revealed that not only can they tolerate these conditions, but they are able to adapt and nurture under prevailing conditions. This chapter inspects and reviews important microbial symb...

The global population is continuously increasing, and it is expected to be about 9 billion by 2050. However, the agriculturally important land area is decreasing due to urbanization and other developmental activities. Further, the crop loss due to several constraints such as salinity, drought, chilling stress, and high metal toxicity is significant...

Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. Abscisic acid (ABA), an isoprenoid phytohormone, is a critical signaling mediator that regulates diverse biological processes in various organisms. Significant progress has been made in the determination...

Plants are immobile, and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions, such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. Abscisic acid (ABA), an isoprenoid phytohormone, is a critical signaling mediator that regulates diverse biological processes in various organisms. Significant progress has been made in the determinati...

Environmental compartments are being enriched with myriads of nanoparticles (NPs) known for their unique physicochemical characteristics. Plants are sessile in nature and have greater chance to interact with environmental NPs. Oxidative stress, a condition of imbalance between the pace of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and its metabolism,...

Volume VI of the series Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants provides a global selection of research results from 15 countries on several continents. Laboratory and field studies including case histories of applications to contaminated sites describe an array of basic phytoremediation approaches, mechanisms, and potential appl...

Human health is closely related with the environmental health; therefore, efforts are being made to improve their interrelationship. In this context, a number of plant genera have been identified which can significantly contribute to the protection of the environment as well as human health. Notably, Brassicaceae is one of the prominent plant famil...