Saravanamuttu Subramaniam Sivakumar- PhD, MSc.(WRD), BSc.(Eng)
- Engineer at University of Jaffna
Saravanamuttu Subramaniam Sivakumar
- PhD, MSc.(WRD), BSc.(Eng)
- Engineer at University of Jaffna
About
215
Publications
308,131
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Introduction
Dr. (Eng.) S.S.Sivakumar PhD, MSc.(WRD), BSc.(Eng)
C.Eng, MIE(SL), FIE(SL) , BMI&PSI, LMIWRS, LMICOLD
Senior Lecturer & Head - Civil
Department of Civil Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
University of Jaffna
Rec:(94) 024 222 063 2 ; Mobile: (94) 077 250 873 0
Mail: sssivakumar@jfn.ac.lk
http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QcBUYKcAAAAJ&hl=en
Development with Forethought Leads Sustainable Recovery of the Nation
Growth of a Nation Depends on Effective Economic and Equitable use of Water
Current institution
Additional affiliations
December 2012 - present
April 2013 - present
Faculty of Engineering, University of Jaffna
Position
- Ground water development of Jaffna peninsula
Description
- Regulating the Water Flow of Jaffna Lagoons to Reduce the Salt Water Intrusion and Improving the Ground Water Quality and Productivity of Jaffna Peninsula
December 2012 - present
Faculty of Engineering, University of Jaffna
Position
- Effective Utilization of Northern River Basins for Sustainable Agriculture Development
Description
- Objective:- To study individual river basins yield and its utilization in reservoirs, medium and minor irrigation schemes in the northern river basin.
Education
April 2002 - September 2008
May 1992 - December 1993
August 1978 - September 1982
Publications
Publications (215)
2. Status of Water Resources
With the increase in population, industrialization and urbanization, demand for water has increased. Population has increased from 1.9 million in 1971 to 2.9 million in 2002. The domestic and industrial water use has to be given due consideration than the agriculture water use. The industrial sector’s share of the Gro...
A preliminary study survey to find the contamination was done by National Water Supply and Drainage Board, Jaffna. This analysis was done in 150 wells. 70% are in domestic used and 30% are agricultural used. 81% of wells within 200m have oil and grease contamination of more than 1mg/l and 74% of well in the distance of 200-500m have oil and grease...
Sivakumar SS A study was carryout for a restricted ground water catchment about 160 sq. kilo meters in Vavuniya in Northern Sri Lanka to find out an operational policy of minor and medium Irrigation schemes, to recharge the ground water system to increase the economic pumping. Forty one wells were identified as observation wells within the study ar...
limestone mining is neither a supportable nor permissible economic activity due to its massive ecological impact.
Careless mining poses the risk of eroding entire areas of land and sea water intrusion.
This lime stone mining has been conducted without a comprehensive understanding of the underground structure, nor have appropriate ecological prote...
Jaffna's water crisis stems from the overuse of the same groundwater for drinking, agriculture, and sewage disposal. Agricultural intensification, urbanization, and petroleum waste have further contaminated the groundwater. The ongoing issues include: a) Saltwater intrusion from over-extraction, b) Contamination by fertilizers and pesticides, c) Co...
இரணைமடுவில்இருந்து யாழ்ப்பாணத்திற்கு பாதுகாப்பான குடிநீரைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளும் அதேவேளையில், கோடைக்காலத்தில் தண்ணீர் பற்றாக்குறை ஏற்படும் போது மருதங்கேணியில்உள்ள கடல் நீர் சுத்திகரிப்பு நிலையத்தின் ஊடாக நீரைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும். ஆகவே நெல் சாகுபடி எந்த வகையிலும்பாதிக்கப்படாது. எங்களுடைய சொந்த வளங்களில் இருந்து சொந்த மக்களுக்கு நாமே தண்ணீரைப் பெற்ற...
தூய நீர் என்பது பூமியில் உள்ள அனைத்து உயிரினங்களுக்கும் மற்றும் தாவரங்களுக்கு தேவையான, தூய காற்றுக்கு அடுத்தது மிக முக்கியமான இயற்கை வளமாகும். எமது கிரகத்தில் நீர் அதிகமாக உள்ளபோதும், அதன் பகிர்மானம் மற்றும் கிடைக்கும் தன்மை சமமில்லை. பாதுகாப்பான நீர் மேற்பரப்பும் மற்றும் நிலத்தடிநீரும் கிடைக்கும் மொத்த நீர் ஒரு சிறிய பகுதியாக மட்டுமே உள்ளது.
...
இலங்கை அரசாங்கம் சமூகத்தின் விவசாய பொருளாதார மற்றும் சமூக நலனுக்கான வளங்களை தொடர்ந்து அபிவிருத்தி செய்து வருகிறது. விவசாயத் துறை அரசாங்கத்தின் மானியங்களில் கணிசமான பகுதியைப் பெறுகிறது. இதற்குக் காரணம், விவசாயத்தில் ஈடுபட்டுள்ள பெருமளவிலான மக்கள் தொகையைக் கருத்தில் கொண்டு அந்தத் துறைக்கு மானியங்கள் வழங்கப்படுவதுதான்.
அறிக்கைகள் மற்றும் மதிப்பீடுகளி...
The shallow groundwater in the Jaffna Peninsula is unfit for human consumption. Water distributed through standpipes is used without treatment, and it is uncertain if any treatment is applied before pumping. A technical study titled “Jaffna Rehabilitation Project” by the German Government Aid Organization (GTZ) published in October 2002 highlighted...
Strictly implementing all the major water supply projects with the following guidelines for getting water source for meeting the drinking water demand;
a. Around 60% of water demand from existing surface irrigation schemes. Out of this 50% from existing irrigation schemes and 10% through new irrigation schemes or diversion schemes;
b. Around 10% o...
Floods are one of the natural disasters causing economic, social, and environmental damage around the world, including in Sri Lanka. Flood susceptibility mapping is essential for flood prevention and mitigation measures. This study aimed to develop and validate a flood susceptibility map for the Kanakarayan Aru River Basin in Sri Lanka. Primary dat...
Groundwater is a common pool resource which is characterized by exclusion and subtractability. In a finite aquifer system, water withdrawal by one or more persons reduces the water available for others and thus groundwater becomes rival in use. Being a common pool resource the sustainable use of ground water depends on the level of cooperation amon...
Every client, stakeholder, and project team member involved in a construction project has success as their top
priority. However, construction projects frequently cost more than expected, take longer to complete, and don't
even meet quality standards. Although it has a bad reputation, the construction business is very important to the
economy of th...
The time series analysis was performed with SeasonalAutoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Samacircular model (SCM) for the rainfall of Ampan, Karaveddi, andPuloly regions of Jaffna to understand the behaviour of rainfalland forecast it with a suitable model. Minitab 17 software wasused to run the model with the available monthly dat...
Sustainable Development Goal number 6 declares safe drinking water for all as a human right and it can be used as an indicator to measure development. While urban and municipal residents benefit from safe drinking water through centralized water supply systems, water supply for rural areas and estates were decentralized due to large construction co...
Prediction of the future climate scenarios will help to reduce the undesired effect to the agriculture and enable effective water resources management. Time series (TS) models have been used for predicting climate; detect pattern of change in statistical information over regular intervals of time, identifying the trend, seasonal, cyclical and irreg...
Groundwater is available usually as shallow aquifers and is widely used for domestic, small-scale irrigation, industrial and other uses in the country as well as in the province. In addition to providing a ready source of water shallow aquifers play an important role in discharging water to rivers ponds and other water bodies during low flow period...
Agriculture, including forestry and fisheries, is the principal economic activity in the province. During the 1980s, the North East Province has been contributing nearly 20.5 of the total agricultural production in the country. The provisional estimate of the contribution by the Provincial GDP for the period 1981-1990 (at 1975 constant prices) prep...
The Government of Sri Lanka has been developing water resources for the agro-economic and social wellbeing of the community. Agriculture sector receives a substantial portion of government subsidies and assistance directly and indirectly, given its importance for food security and in consideration of the large number of the population dependent on...
The Government of Sri Lanka has been developing water resources for the agro-economic and social wellbeing of the community. Agriculture sector receives a substantial portion of government subsidies and assistance directly and indirectly, given its importance for food security and in consideration of the large number of the population dependent on...
Sri Lanka is one of the Asian countries that is mostly affected by climate change. The prime objectives of this research study were to examine the climate change impacts on surface runoff of Mundeni Aru lower river basin in Sri Lanka and to investigate farmers’ perceptions of climate change. Data which include rainfall, soil data, land use and land...
Access to safe drinking water is a globally recognized factor in present development aspects. Sixth Goal in Sustainable Development Goals declare on Water and Sanitation. Centralized water supply mechanism is used to provide safe drinking water to urban and municipal areas, while in rural and estates in Sri Lanka, 88 % of water borne diseases are a...
Despite potential water availability in Srilanka, many users experiences inadequacy of water due to non-existence of optimal management of water resources. This situation gets worse because of temporal variation in the climate. This scenario is no exception to the ungauged river basin of Kanakarayanaru in Northern Srilanka. This paper presents the...
Water for Agriculture sector in Sri Lanka is facing challenges through increased demands by other sectors and also confronts the issues of a market economy and international and regional trade agreements that are exerting pressures on prices and thus farmer incomes. Issues of ability of most farmers to secure full employment from irrigated farming...
The analysis of climatic parameter is an important step to identify the risk and plan the agricultural activity. The meteorological data for the period of 1985-2019 was collected and analyzed using the descriptive statistical parameters and the linear regression analysis. The result revealed that, the area was with increasing rainfall, maximum and...
The drought analysis is a prime component in the preparedness of drought and the
management of water resources. The status of drought in Jaffna was investigated using
standardized precipitation index (SPI) at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month time scales using monthly
rainfall data from Thirunelvelli meteorological station during the period of 1985 to 2019....
The accurate knowledge of rainfall amount, intensity and frequency and understanding of seasonal and annual pattern of rainfall will help to planning the crop. The shortage or excess of rainfall amount will leads to the reduction in yield. To achieve this statistical technique used to analyze the rainfall in Vadamaradchi area for the period of 2013...
In the world, 780 million people are suffering due to lack of safe drinking water. Sixth goal of the sustainable development goal is declared on safe drinking water for all. Community based water projects are initiating in the world to provide water for people in rural areas. This particular step is the point of empowering people for their developm...
Floods represent one of the main natural disasters, affecting many states over a year, environment and natural resources, and leading to large economic losses, social and health problems. Monsoon floods or natural disaster occur seasonally. Sri Lanka has adopted for monsoon climate with wet, intermediate, dry zone climate changes with a mean annual...
Floods represent one of the main natural disasters, affecting many states over a year, environment and natural resources, and leading to large economic losses, social and health problems. Monsoon floods or natural disaster occur seasonally. Sri Lanka has adopted for monsoon climate with wet, intermediate, dry zone climate changes with a mean annual...
Demand driven approach to provide safe drinking water, has been started since many years ago as a decentralized mechanism of providing safe drinking water for rural and estate communities. Community based water governance is also coming with this demand driven approach of water governance, becoming community in to main component in water governance...
Demand driven approach is used as the mode of water supply for rural and estate communities in the world. In the other hand, community based water resource management is coming with that new approach of fulfilling water needs of rural and estate areas of the world. In Sri Lanka also, Community Based water projects are playing a major role in provid...
Jaffna Peninsula is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka which has the unique geologic and physical patterns from other parts of the country. As it has the ironic source of groundwater influenced over other potential resources, the district derives more attention on groundwater contamination. The studies carried out in the region show that there is...
The need for water is universal. It is present everywhere, and without water, life, as we know it, will simply cease to exist. Water is constantly in motion, passing from one state to another, and from one location to another, which makes its rational planning and management a very complex and difficult task under the best of circumstances. Water m...
Community Based Water Projects are now doing a major role in supplying safe drinking water among both rural and estate communities. Apart that, these Community Based Water Societies are doing a huge task to improve hygienic practices, community development, community voice for water and other social needs, social capital and behavioural change etc....
Jaffna, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Vavuniya and Mannar districts are under the Northern Province. Most of the northern region got affected due to the civil war around 30 years. Due to this war water resources development were damaged severely. The major, medium and minor irrigation systems were dilapidated conditions. After the resettlement stack hol...
As sixth goal in SGDs, of ensure safe drinking water for all, Community Based Water Projects with CBOs are functioning a major role of providing safe drinking water to many parts of the world. Approach with Community Ownership, organizational structure and management and administrative framework, financial factors, technological factors, Institutio...
Sri Lanka is an agriculture based developing country and currently Anuradhapura district provides the large contribution to the national economy through food production. The Mahakanadarawa irrigation scheme situated in east side of the A9 road, nearly 20km from the heart of the Anuradhapura city. This scheme has 126 Sqmls catchment and 36250 Ac ft....
Fisheries play a significant role in Sri Lanka providing a 20% of the animal protein supply contributing 2.7% of country Gross Domestic Products, making opportunity for direct and indirect employment for 2.4 million people. In 2008, its contribution for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 1.1% and 1.942 % in total export income from 2009 in Sri La...
Sri Lanka is a tropical nation, is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change. As a small in the Indian Ocean, the coastal region of the Sri Lanka is susceptible to change in sea level. The impact of climate change are widespread and they are likely to create negative socio economic outcomes on many sectors in Srilanka. Traditionally Srilanka h...
Even though the Northern part of Sri Lanka is dry zone, it has potential water resources by the means of constructed tanks and diversion along the river basins. But some part of this region still frequently suffering many water related issues and water scarcity, not only in the domestic usage but also for demand for agriculture. Meanwhile, ineffici...
Sri Lankan consumes rice as the main source of food. Hence most of the area of the country has been used for paddy cultivation. Therefore improving the paddy cultivation will lead to a positive impact on the society in every aspect. Northern Province of Sri Lanka is divided into two distinct geographic areas: Jaffna peninsula and the Vanni. Jaffna...
With the increase in population, industrialization and urbanization, demand for water has
increased. Population has increased from 1.9 million in 1971 to 3.17 million in 2008. The domestic and
industrial water use has to be given due consideration together with agriculture water use. The industrial
sector’s share of the Gross Domestic Product was 2...
India is currently the largest producer of milk in the world, a status it has maintained since the late nineties, achieved an annual output of 155.5 million tonnes during 2015-16. Further, India's milk production is expected to grow about 185 million tonnes by 2020. India's Current Year 2017 fluid milk production is forecast at 160 million tons ass...
Elephant pass lagoon which is located between the mainland and the Jaffna peninsula is fed by the larger catchment. Sea water intrusion caused the lagoon water more brackish. Further ground water quality in Jaffna peninsula is getting worse due to the high contamination of nitrates, bacteria-coliforms and oil. Posibility of converting the lagoon wa...
The Jaffna Peninsula lie in the northern-most part of Sri Lanka. It is separated from the mainland by two external lagoons. The Jaffna Peninsula depends for its water on the rainfall which percolates and stored in lime stone aquifers. The average annual rainfall is 1284 mm/year and the potential vapour transpiration is 1858.8 mm. The Jaffna Peninsu...
The article, “River for Jaffna-Cultivating Productive Water from Salt Water Lagoons in Northern
Sri Lanka-What the Water Balance of Elephant Pass Lagoon Demonstrates”, by Kuganesan.S
and Sivakumar. S.S, research for to present about water balance of the Elephant Pass fresh
water Lake and hence accessible useful water for usage, how accountabilit...
The article “Hypothesis of Cultivating Productive Water from Lagoons of Northern Sri Lanka”, by Kunanesan.S and Sivakumar. S.S, research is based on simplified reservoir simulation model to study the water balance of the lagoon Downstream of the reservoirs of the four regulated river basins considered as local catchment to the Elephant Pass lagoon....
Jaffna peninsula has no streams and rivers due to the flatness of the land and the topography does not permit the construction of reservoirs. Ground water is the only water resource in Jaffna Peninsula. Introduction of heavy duty pumps, for undertaking large scale and more frequent irrigation had brought about problems of salt intrusion. So the Irr...
The article “Water problems in Jaffna peninsula”, by Dr.V.Navaratnarajah discusses about the groundwater problems faced by the Jaffna peninsula and putting up some ideas to provide affordable satisfactory quality water to the population in Jaffna. To ensure that the quality of water in Jaffna peninsula is bought up to a satisfactory level at least...
Problems of drinking water in the Jaffna is an upcoming problem which mostly depended with increasing the population, growing the cultivation activities, opening the sewage in uncontrollable manner and etc. People of the Jaffna area depend on the ground water for all the activities using open well or tube-well. For all activities, the people extrac...
— Iranaimadu tank is the only major irrigation scheme in the northern Sri Lanka. The major portion of the agricultural sector in
northern districts depend on the Iranaimadu tank for their agricultural activities specially paddy cultivation. The water shortage in yala
season of the Iranamadu tank, the primary source of water for the northern distric...
An assessment conducted in Vavuniya urban council limit from dug well water sample, the particular council consists nine Girama Niladhari Divisions. This study was assessed selected physio-chemical and biological parameters such as pH, electric conductivity, total suspended solids, total hardness, fluoride, nitrate, nitrate nitrogen, iron, free chl...
Urbanization and migration of population towards cities become a new challenge nowadays in planning cities, particularly safe domestic water. One of the primary objective of sustainable development goal is to ensure the availability of good quality water for human consumption. Environmental engineers and scientists have the responsibility of monito...
Sri Lanka is an agriculture based developing country and currently Anuradhapura district provides the large contribution to the national economy through food production. The Mahakanadarawa irrigation scheme situated in east side of the A9 road, nearly 20km from the heart of the Anuradhapura city.
The proposal of converting Jaffna salt water lagoons in northern Sri Lanka to fresh water lakes is revived again in the recent days due to the increasing demand and dearth of fresh water in this region. Jaffna lagoon consists of two internal lagoons in the Jaffna peninsula and the external lagoon, Elephant pass. Four intermittent rivers with the to...
Valukaiaru is a wet weather drainage scheme in the Jaffna peninsula. It is situated in the middle part of the Valikamam division. Valukaiaru basin has a total area of 57 sq. km covering the District Secretariat (DS) divisions of Tellipalai, Sandilipay, Chankanai and Uduvil. Valukaiaru scheme consists of a main drainage channel, eight tributary drai...
Groundwater is categorized as a common pool resource and is characterized by exclusion and substractbility. Given the nature of groundwater, user exclusion is an extremely difficult task. The cost of exclusion measures could outweigh the benefits generated from the use of the resource. In a finite aquifer system, water withdrawal by one or more per...
A study was carried out for a restricted catchment around 185 Sq.km in Vavuniya (a shallowly weathered and rarely fractured crystalline rocks with thin soil mantle) to find out an operational policy on Minor and Medium Irrigation Schemes to recharge the groundwater system. This aquifer is divided into forty one polygons by connecting the perpendicu...
The article examines the potential role that the already existing Farmer Organizations (FOs) could play in conserving and managing the scarce groundwater resources of Jaffna district. Groundwater is categorized as a common pool resource and is characterized by exclusion and substractbility. In a finite aquifer system, water withdrawal by one or mor...
The proposal of converting Jaffna salt water lagoons in northern Sri Lanka to fresh water lakes is revived again in the recent days due to the increasing demand and dearth of fresh water in this region. Jaffna lagoon consists of two internal lagoons in the Jaffna peninsula and the external lagoon, Elephant pass. Four intermittent rivers with the to...
Sri Lanka’s science and technology research and development activities are now being directed towards facilitating the country’s development process. In this connection main scope of this study is focused on water research publications of Sri Lankan scholars. Studies on evaluation of water research of Sri Lanka will led to development of new schola...
A simplified reservoir simulation model was developed to study the water balance of the lagoon Downstream of the reservoirs of the four regulated river basins considered as local catchment to the Elephant Pass lagoon.Total inflow to the lake (lagoon) is the summation ofmonthly runoff yield from local catchment, direct rainfall on the lake and spill...
At global level, three fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water resources comprising 97.3% salt water and the balance 2.7% as fresh water. Of the latter, 77% occurs polar ice and glaciers, 22% groundwater, 0.3% in lakes and rivers and 0.7% in soil moisture and atmospheric vapor
The Northern and Eastern Provinces comprises the whole of eight districts, namely Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, and Amparai and covers an area of 18,881sq.km. The population is 2.9 million Agriculture, including fisheries, has been the principal economic activity in the province. Over 50% of the total w...
Sri Lanka’s science and technology research and development activities are now being directed towards facilitating the country’s development process. In this connection main scope of this study is focused on Water Resource Development Studies based publications of Sri Lankan scholars. Studies on evaluation, development and quality of water Water Re...
1.1 Results of the observations and interviews during the field visit to Jaffna Chunnakam area The field visit was led by Dr.B. Kumarendran who directed the participants to the affected village and to the area with power plants. Seven houses were visited and well water was examined by naked eye and some showed a thin film of oil. Most residents sta...
Fresh water is renewable resources. The worlds is supplied by clean and fresh water and it is decreasing by uncontrolled usage. Water is one of our most critical resources, but around the world it is under threat of pollution.
Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world as the world population continues to rise.
Iranamadu Tank is located in the KanagarayanAru river basin of the Northern Province of Sri Lankawith a catchment area of 581 square kilometres (sq km). KanagarayanAru River is 58 km long and flows towards northern part of the country across Vavuniya and Mullaitivu Districts ending at Kilinochchi District border. Iranamadu irrigation settlement sch...
Conflict resolution is a way for two or more parties to find a peaceful solution to a disagreement among them. The disagreement may be personal, financial, political, or emotional. When a dispute arises, often the best course of action is negotiation to resolve the disagreement.
Studies on evaluation of water research of Sri Lanka will led to development of new scholarly activities. Even though the Government has been developing water resources, it has found that the scope for further development is reducing gradually. This urged the need for this kind of study focused on water research publications of Sri Lanka. Main obje...
Due to the man made blast, entire water stored in Kalmadu irrigation tank passed through the 125 m length and about 15m depth breach. This led the1397 ha of total irrigable area under gravity irrigation system was abundant for eight seasons. By restoration of this breached tank in emergency recovery concept will not affect any species in surroundin...
Questions
Questions (25)
People living
in Jaffna are
facing a grave
threat in
accessing clean
drinking water
due to
groundwater
pollution
caused by oil
leakage. In
recent days,
oil waste is
clearly
observed in
drinking-water
sources (wells
etc) in
Chunnagam and
Valigamam areas.
Wells are the
prime and
mostly the sole
source of water
in Jaffna and
this contamination
is severely
affecting the
livelihood in
those areas.
This issue
has resulted in
scarcity for
clean drinking
water for the
people living
in the areas.
No satisfactory
action has been
taken yet by
authorities.
Hence, there is
an imminent
need to create
awareness of
the issue to a
wider audience
in order to
accelerate the
phase at which
actions are
taken to solve
the issue.
Conference Paper Oil Pollution of Ground Water in the Jaffna Region
Northern Srilanka the groundwater to be treated to reduce the TDS. But by using RO plant , again we are disposing the high TDS water to the ground as effluent of the RO. Is it acceptable ?
