Sarath Thulasiraman

Verified

Sarath verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Sarath verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• M. V. Sc., Ph. D
• Associate Professor at Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Timely and accurate prediction of parturition in bovine is crucial for optimizing maternal and fetal health, preventing dystocia and minimizing periparturient complications. A multi-modal approach that integrates behavioural, physiological and molecular indicators enables more precise calving prediction. Behavioural cues, such as increased frequenc...

The productivity of cattle relies significantly on their reproductive performance. Cows that rarely give birth to viable calves are generally not deemed worthy of keeping, as mentioned by Mukasa (1989) and Mukasa and Azage (1991). Reproductive disorders play a pivotal role in reducing cattle’s reproductive efficiency, making it the primary determin...

A 4-year-old pluriparous goat was presented with the history of blood mixed vaginal discharge in the past 4 days. On obstetrical examination, cervix was dilated and pieces of fetal bony parts along with remnants of fetal skin were palpated in the vaginal passage as well in the uterus. Fetal bones were removed per-vaginally after proper lubrication...

A 3 years old sow presented with the history of fetal dystocia after being delivered of five live piglets. Obstetrical examination revealed that the dystocia was due to cephalo-pelvic disproportion in a posteriorly presented fetus. The dead male fetus was delivered by obstetrical procedure and completion of farrowing confirmed by clinical sign (uri...

Background: Artificial Insemination is being extensively used for genetic improvement and upgrading the genetic makeup of cattle in the Indian subcontinent and was mainly based on production parameters like milk production and feed conversion efficiency. Attempts to increase milk production over certain limits resulted in the reduction of reproduct...

A nondescript doe was diagnosed for fetal maceration. Incompletely dilated cervix hindered manual removal of fetal bones per vaginum. Hence C-section was performed. Since fetal bones were severely embedded to the endometrium, the uterine horn embedded with the fetal bones was amputated. The doe recovered uneventfully after follow-up treatment.

Pneumovagina is a prevalent condition in older Thoroughbred mares, characterized by the abnormal entry of air into the vagina which leads to chronic endometritis. Poor vulvar conformation in such mares predisposes them to infections, leading to chronic reproductive issues like subfertility. The mare was presented with history of purulent vaginal di...

Perusal of literature regarding the causes of dystocia in small ruminants revealed that uterine torsion is the second largest cause of maternal dystocia as incidence ranges between 18 and 22 percent. The etiopathology of the condition is not completely understood with lower volume of fetal fluid and lesser amplitude of uterine tone and inordinate f...

The present study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the functional and structural regression of corpus luteum following administration of PGF 2 α during mid-luteal phase of estrous cycle in graded Murrah buffaloes. Healthy, plu-riparous lactating and cyclic graded Murrah buffaloes (n=7; 6-8 years) were administered with PGF 2 alpha (Clop...

A pluriparous full term pregnant nondescript goat was presented with a history of showing parturition signs for the past 12 hours. Fetal delivery was attempted by a local paravet but failed to relieve the dystocia. During admission, the animal was having occasional straining with exposed abdominal viscera of the fetus through the birth canal. The g...

Fetal ascites, characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the fetal peritoneal cavity, is a rare but significant cause of dystocia in small ruminants. The present paper describes successful management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in a four-year-old pluriparous nondescript doe using minimally invasive obstetrical procedure i.e., punct...

In recent days there is an increasing the incidence of follicular cyst in dairy cows due to hormonal imbalance and crossbreeding policy. Some of the follicular cysts are not responding to routine hormonal treatment protocol followed at field. Hence, they are referred as 'non-responsive' follicular cysts, which can be addressed by a novel, minimal i...

Reproductive disorders in domestic animals necessitate innovative therapeutic approaches. This review examines the therapeutic potential of morin hydrate (3,5,7,2′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone), a flavonoid present in Moraceae family, to treat reproductive disorders in males and females. Morin hydrate is potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, mitigate...

Retrograde ejaculation is an ejaculatory mechanism dysfunction wherein there is retrograde flow of the majority of or all the semen into the bladder, resulting in no semen (aspermia) or minute quantities of semen (oligospermia) ejaculated antegrade (Collins, 1982; Yavetz et al., 1994). A retrograde flow of small quantities of spermatozoa into the b...

A case of hematic mummification in a Jersey crossbred heifer was presented. Pregnancy was terminated using Prostaglandin F 2α treatment. Since the animal had stenosis of vulva, episiotomy was performed to widen the opening of the birth canal and the mummified fetus was delivered successfully.

The present study was designed to ascertain the effect of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponges on pre-ovulatory follicle diameter and fertility in repeat breeder cows. Twenty repeat breeder cows were divided into two groups i.e. control (n=10) and progesterone sponge treatment (n=10). The mean pre-ovulatory follicle diameter was 10.79±0.36 mm i...

Mesenchymal tumors, including leiomyoma, fibroleiomyoma, and fibroma, are frequently observed in bitches, with leiomyoma being the most common. The incidence of leiomyoma is highest between the ages of five and sixteen years, often associated with estrogen-secreting tumors, cystic ovaries, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, or mammary tumors. An eight...

Periparturient diseases in cattle, which occur during the crucial transition phase around calving, significantly impact both animal health and the profitability of dairy farms. Extensive studies in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been conducted to unravel the intricate molecular profiles associated with di...

Cyclopia, an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, presents intricate deformities affecting the skull, orbits, brain, and nasal cavity, often featuring a singular or partially divided eye within a solitary orbit. Despite medical advancements, the precise etiology of cyclopia remains elusive, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential association...

Cyclopia, an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, presents intricate deformities affecting the skull, orbits, brain, and nasal cavity, often featuring a singular or partially divided eye within a solitary orbit. Despite medical advancements, the precise etiology of cyclopia remains elusive, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential association...

Hormones play a pivotal role in addressing diverse reproductive disorders in domestic animals, with their prevalence surpassing antibiotics in daily veterinary practice. Hormonal preparations are frequently administered to restore animals' reproductive capabilities, contingent upon precise diagnostic procedures. It is imperative to eschew the indis...

The production potential of crossbred cattle is limited by inherent reproductive issues such as delayed ovulation and a low conception rate, which results in significant financial loss for farmers. Therefore, it is critically necessary to focus research on the development of a suitable diagnostic tool for detecting delayed ovulation in crossbred ca...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are dynamic, nanoscale membrane-bound structures actively secreted by cells that are recognized for their pivotal role in intercellular communication and as circulating biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosticating diseases. These vesicles effectively transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, modulating diverse phys...

A four years old Boer crossbred doe was brought with the history of delivery of one kid 5 hours back and still showing straining and restlessness after the delivery. Per-vaginal examination revealed presence of one fetus in anterior longitudinal presentation, dorsosacral position with right laterally deviated head. After correcting the head deviati...

Prolactin is synthesized from anterior pituitary and secreted highly during the diestrual phase of the estrous cycle in bitches. Various reproductive clinical conditions are arising during diestrual stage of bitches. Manipulation of the diestrual phase of the estrous cycle in a bitch, by a simple administration of anti-prolactin drugs could bring a...

A two year old Aseel bird was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Obstetrics and Gynaecology section, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Salem with the history of straining since previous day morning, a swelling at the caudal abdomen and not able to oviposition. Based on the history, clinical signs and findings from physical as we...

Brucella canis, a zoonotic agent primarily infects dogs and wild Canidae. Infection is notably suspected in dogs exhibiting epididymitis, infertility or disco-spondylitis. Recent reports indicate a growing incidence of Brucella canis infections in dogs, particularly among those imported into the UK from Eastern Europe. In India, the first reported...

The production potential of crossbred cattle is limited by inherent reproductive issues such as delayed ovulation and a low conception rate, which results in significant financial loss for farmers. Therefore, it is critically necessary to focus research efforts on the development of a suitable diagnostic assay for detecting delayed ovulation in Jer...

Seven cases of Sertoli cell tumors in dogs were treated with a history of alopecia, hyperpigmentation, and estrogenic behavior at Madras Veterinary College Hospital, India. The average age of the affected canines was nine years, and they were of mixed breed, including Labrador and Spitz. Although most dogs were brought in for reasons unrelated to S...

Cystitis is relatively uncommon in horses and represents a significant health concern that can severely impact their ability to urinate and overall well-being. Clinical signs often include frequent urination accompanied by blood in the urine and a painful sensation during urination. To establish a definitive diagnosis, a comprehensive examination i...

Pyometra stands as a serious and prevalent gynecological disorder in intact female dogs, characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory exudates in the uterine lumen. Complications associated with pyometra include sepsis, peritonitis, and uterine torsion. Uterine torsion can arise due to factors such as inadequate fetal fluids, violent turning,...

Background: Emphysematous pyometra is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition observed in intact female dogs, characterized by the accumulation of infectious exudate within the uterus and accompanied by the presence of gas. This report highlights an exceptional case where two distinct medical conditions manifested concurrently in a female...

Canine Cushing's syndrome, also known as hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies observed in dogs, characterized by elevated cortisol levels. The majority of cases are associated with pituitary tumors, leading to excessive production of corticotrophin (ACTH), thereby stimulating the adrenal glands to secrete cortis...

In recent years, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and its associated technologies have demonstrated remarkable advancements. This assisted reproductive technique holds the potential to achieve a greater number of oocytes or embryos collected from donor and higher conception rates. Utilizing elite female donors for oocyte retrieval can also facilitate t...

Endometriosis is a severe and chronic degenerative disease commonly associated with endometritis. It is characterized by fibrosis of the endometrium and cystic dilation of endometrial glands. In mares, endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility and can result in significant economic losses in horse breeding populations. While the exact etiolog...

Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer numerous health benefits, particularly in maintaining gut health and reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. They can be found in fermented dairy products, in the form of pills, capsules, powders, and sachets. This paper explores the advantages of using commercial probiotics, including alle...

Successful per vaginal delivery of conjoined twin monster in a Pattanam breed of sheep is reported and discussed in this communication. A full-term ewe in its third parity was presented to the Veterinary Dispensary with the history of straining for last 10 hours and limbs protruding through the vulva without progression to the stage of parturition....

Obstetrical management of a rare case of fetal mummification in a buffalo is reported and discussed.

Pyometra is the most common disease found in adult intact female dogs, caused by acute or chronic suppurative bacterial infection of the uterus and is characterized by accumulation of inflammatory exudates in the uterine lumen with diverse clinic-pathological manifestation either locally or systemically. Disease is frequently noticed in adult femal...

Bovine species play an important part in the national economies of many developing countries however the fundamental restraint in the exploitation of bovine production efficiency lies inherently in the low reproduction. The production potential of cattle is limited by inherent reproductive issues such as ovulatory defects, defects in genital tract...

Dystocia, or difficult labor, can arise from various causes in cattle, including uterine inertia due to an adventitious placenta. This report aims to provide a detailed description of dystocia associated with uterine inertia consequent to an adventitious placenta and its management through caesarean section in HF crossbred cow.

Postpartum bilateral uterine prolapse (PBP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in cats. Prompt surgical intervention is crucial to restore normal uterine position, prevent complications, and ensure the welfare of the affected animal. This report aims to summarize the key aspects of surgical management for postpartum bilateral uter...

Testicular tumors are relatively common neoplasms in male dogs, and they can occur in other species, including humans. This report aims to discuss the clinical presentation, hormonal and hematobiochemical alterations, and surgical management of testicular tumor.

Canine dystocia occurs at varied rates; however, recent prospective research in scientific Reports (2022) found that only 46% of canines gave birth on their own without aid. Every small animal practitioner should be conversant with the urgency of the requirement for medical care versus surgical intervention for fetal delivery. The aim of this repor...

Hydrocepalus is defined as absolute increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain ventricular system, within meninges or both, thereby leading to the swelling of the cranium. This congenital, hereditary defect is reported occasionally in ewe, doe, mare and sow whilst it is rarely seen in cattle and buffalo. This communication describes a c...

Estrus detection is a major problem in buffaloes because of the poor expression of estrus signs leading to low reproductive efficiency. Salivary transcripts analysis is a promising tool to identify biomarkers; therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate their potential as estrus biomarkers. The levels of HSD17B1, INHBA, HSPA1A, TES tra...

A four years old, full term pregnant, primiparous non-descriptive buffalo was presented to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India with the history of straining for the past 10 h and ruptured water bag with no further progress in parturition. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystoci...

In vitro fertilization (IVF) technology has made significant advancements in the field of veterinary practice, offering new possibilities for animal breeding and reproductive management. IVF is a technique that involves the fertilization of an egg with sperm outside of the animal's body, in a laboratory setting. This method allows for the creation...

A rare case of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus foetal monster co-twined with a normal live calf in a Holstein-Friesian crossbred cow and its per-vaginal delivery is reported in this communication.

The present study aimed at studying the expression profiles of Myxovirus resistance (MX-1) and 2, 5-Oligo Adenylate Synthetase 1 (OAS-1), which are interferon stimulated genes (ISG) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pregnant pluriparous cows and non-bred cows and to correlate their expression pattern with early pregnancy. Twelve Jersey cros...

The female rabbit has unique reproductive tract with no uterine body and each uterine horn has its own cervix that opens directly into vagina. Dystocia is not common in rabbit, as normal delivery is completed within 30 minutes from the onset of parturition. A 4-year-old, 25 days pregnant female rabbit was presented to small animal Gynaecology and O...

Background: Estrus detection is a major problem in buffaloes because of the poor expression of estrus signs leading to low reproductive efficiency. Salivary transcripts analysis is a promising tool to identify biomarker; therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate their potential as estrus biomarker. Methods: The levels of HSD17B1, INH...

Infertility is a reproductive system disorder that results in the failure to conceive following a normal mating. Idiopathic infertility is one of the most common causes of infertility, and it can be caused by anti-sperm antibodies, anti-ovary antibodies, or anti-sperm and zona binding by anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs). ASAs found in both systemic (bl...

Cervico-vaginal prolapse is protrusion or eversion of vagina along with cervix through vulva, most commonly seen during last few weeks of pregnancy or several months before calving. The most common causes are; increase in intraabdominal pressure during pregnancy, hypocalcaemia and hormonal imbalance. A 24-year-old Jersey Crossbred cow, calved one d...

A full term pregnant pluriparous Kanni doe was presented to the Resident Veterinary Services Section, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai with the history of difficulty in parturition, blood stained vaginal discharge and straining for last six hours. Per vaginal examination revealed fully dilated cervix and a dead fetus with anteri...

A case of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster in a Jersey crossbred cow and its per-vaginal delivery through fetotomy is reported in this communication. A five years old, full term pregnant Jersey crossbred cow in her third parity was presented with the history of straining and difficulty in parturition for the past eight hours. Per...

The present paper reports a rare case of dystocia due to prepartum vagino-cervical prolapse coupled with a vaginal tear in a Jersey crossbred cow and its successful delivery through hysterotomy.

The present investigation was conducted to study Myxovirus resistance (MX-1) gene expression and 2,5-Oligo-Adenylate Synthetase 1 (OAS-1) gene, present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its correlation with early pregnancy in heifers. A total of 24 Jersey crossbred heifers were selected and synchronized using TRIU-B ® , PGF 2 α, and GnRH. A...

The present study was conducted in buffaloes which were maintained at experimental animal sheds of Animal Reproduction Division, IVRI, Izatnagar. All the experimental buffaloes (n=6) were observed for onset of estrus using a teaser bull and visual signs of estrus followed by rectal examination twice daily. Animals detected in estrus were insemi...

The physiology of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in cattle is well explored and a better understanding of phenomenon of MRP is needed in order to improve reproductive efficiency in buffaloes. The present work was conducted to study the effect of non-surgical removal of conceptus and expression profile of interferon tau (IFNT) in the co...

Overview of Bargur cattle

A five-year old full-term pregnant Holstein-Friesian crossbred cow with the history of straining for the past 12 hours was presented to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. Based on the clinical examinations, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to foetal ascites. Successful per-vaginal delivery of foetal anomaly calf with spinal dysr...

A 2 year old pluriparous domestic shorthair queen was brought to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching hospital with a history of full term pregnancy, straining for the past 24 hours and brown vaginal discharge. Radiography of the abdomen showed presence of three foetal skeletons, and ultrasonography revealed no foetal heartbeat. An emergency caes...

A five-year old full-term pregnant Holstein-Friesian crossbred cow with the history of straining for the past 12 hours was presented to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. Based on the clinical examinations, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to foetal ascites. Successful per-vaginal delivery of foetal anomaly calf with spinal dysr...

A full term pregnant pluriparous Jersey crossbred cow was presented with the history of difficulty in parturition, bloody vaginal discharge and straining with distended left ventral abdominal wall and the cow was recumbent. Based on the clinical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to ventral abdominal hernia with hysterocoele and it...

The present communication reports a case of an acardius acephalus amorphous monster co-twined with a normal live calf in a Holstein-Friesian crossbred cow and its successful per-vaginal delivery.

A full term pluriparous Kanni doe was presented with the history of difficulty in parturition, bloody vaginal discharge and straining. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to foetal anasarca. The present communication places on record the successful per vaginal delivery of a foetal anasarcous co-twin.

A case of dystocia due to prepartum Vagino-cervical prolapse coupled with incomplete cervical dilatation through cervicotomy in a Jersey crossbred cow is reported in this communication. An eight years old, full term pregnant Jersey crossbred cow in her fifth parity was presented to large animal obstetrics ward, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Ho...

A rare case of monocephalus thoracopagus tetrabrachius tetrapus dicaudatus conjoined twin foetus coupled with Schistosomus reflexus in a Jersey crossbred cow and its successful obstetrical management is reported in this communication.

A rare case of dystocia due to Campylorrachis scoliosa foetal monster in a four years old non-descript cow and its surgical delivery by caesarian section is reported in this communication.

The efficacy of estrus synchronization for improving the fertility and fecundity was studied in 428 nondescript goats in Kanchipuram district (Tamil Nadu) selected based on clinical and ultrasound examination for synchronization. Non pregnant does were inserted with intravaginal progesterone sponge containing 300 mg of progesterone on day 0 and adm...

The study was conducted on pregnant bitches at Small Animal Gynaecology Ward, Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the use of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography in staging embryonic and fetal development and for predicting the pregnancy outcome and to study the foetal anomalies and foetal resor...

A pregnant nondescript bovine heifer with unknown breeding history was presented to Large Animal Obstetrical Unit, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai with a history of intermittent straining and serosanguinous discharge. Based on gynaeco-clinical examination, the case was diagnosed as spontaneous abortion of unknown origin. A grey...

In the present study thirty parous, healthy does were selected from Goat Breeding unit, Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu and randomly divided into three groups of ten each. Group I does were treated with 125 microgram of PGF2α intramuscularly and Group II does were kept with intravag...

A case of fetal mummification with incomplete dilatation of cervix was presented and as induction of parturition using prostaglandin therapy failed, cervicotomy was performed and a partially macerated fetal mummy was removed.