Sara Bernardi

University of L'Aquila | Università dell'Aquila · Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences

Background. This article aims to report the case of a seven-year-old girl affected by a numerical dental anomaly. Supernumerary teeth can lead to secondary dental eruption disturbance dental crowding and bone cysts formation. Even though the clinical and instrumental documentation was adequate to make a correct diagnosis and a surgicalorthodontic t...

Research towards regenerative dentistry focused on developing scaffold materials whose high performance induces cell adhesion support and guides tissue growth. An early study investigated the proliferation abilities and attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) on two bovine pericardium membranes with different thicknesses, 0.2 m...

Purpose. This research aims to assess the diversification of pedagogical and learning methodologies, leveraging advanced technological tools within a dental hygiene educational framework. Methods. Students enrolled in the dental hygiene program were considered as population sample, divided in two groups: The test group (N=16) subjected to the inves...

The oral microbiome represents an essential component of the oral ecosystem whose symbiotic relationship contributes to health maintenance. The biofilm represents a state of living of microorganisms surrounding themselves with a complex and tridimensional organized polymeric support and defense matrix. The substrates where the oral biofilm adhere c...

Objective: Periimplantitis (PI) is a complex multifactorial chronic disease caused by interactions between bacteria, host immune-inflammatory responses, and genetic or environmental factors that modify buccal eutrophism. In daily clinical practice, an increase in the prevalence of PI (8%) determined the need to establish the PI causes and set opti...

The present study aims to provide a specific protocol for transmission electron microscopy of a sample of skin of rainbow trout affected by red mark syndrome (RMS). The red mark syndrome is a skin disease that affects the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The disease, probably due to the Midichloria-like organism infection, is not lethal, but mo...

The dislocation of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus is not an unusual complication of dental treatments like tooth extraction, root canal treatment, maxillary sinus surgery, or dental implant installation, whose related significant risk is the onset of pathologies involving the maxillary sinus or all the paranasal sinuses. Many previous techni...

The study of the maxillary sinus anatomy should consider the presence of two features of clinical importance. The arterial supply course and the presence of the so-called Underwood septa are two important factors to consider when planning surgical treatment to reduce the risk of surgical complications such as excessive bleeding and Schneiderian mem...

Psoriatic arthritis is defined as chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. The current data regarding gender differences in clinical manifestation and therapeutic outcomes of psoriatic arthritis are limited. Generally, men show a peripheral disease manifestation, while women have an axial distribution of the lesions. If we look at...

Oral biofilm is the main cause of pathologies affecting the hard and soft oral tissues around teeth. Its main components are the periodontal pathogens and other bacteria of the supragingival and subgingival biofilm. Different alternative strategies that could be adjuvants to the usual periodontal treatments used to eliminate biofilms are available....

Plasmacytoma is a neoplastic disorder originating from plasma cells, with bone and soft tissue being common sites of manifestation. This report presents the clinical and radiological findings of a 65-year-old female patient who presented with an exophytic lesion in the upper right lateral incisor region. The lesion appeared as a unilocular radiotra...

The evaluation of maxillary sinus volumes is fundamental for pre-surgical planning in this area, as well as for the diagnosis of sinusitis and the diagnosis and treatment of maxillary hypoplasia. This study aimed to assess changes in sinus volume over time as a function of different conditions, such as sex, orthodontic treatments like rapid palate...

Background: Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) represents a type of autologous biomaterial investigated through the years by in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the real inductivity properties, presumed due to the growth factors presence. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRF in sinus lift procedures, compared and/or in addition to...

Introduction: Although the related risk of vascular necrosis due to filler injection is low, the outcomes can be severe when they occur. This systematic review aims to report the occurrence and treatment of vascular necrosis due to filler injection. Materials and methods: The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Resul...

This study aimed to treat dental injuries by utilizing one of the most advanced tissue engineering techniques. In this study, an in vitro model was employed to investigate the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of canine endometrial stem cells (C-EnSCs). Furthermore, the dentin regeneration potential of odontoblast like-cells (OD) derive...

Objective: New methods for biofilm removal are being investigated. A recent new one involves the use of the electric field for biofilm removal. In particular, electrolytic cleaning works on the adhesion forces of the biofilm on the surfaces, with few studies showing promising results in decontamination and implant re-integration in the bone. This...

Over the past decade regenerative branches of dentistry have taken on more and more importance, resulting in the development of performing scaffold materials. These should induce cell adhesion, support, and guide the tissues’ growth. Among the developed materials, we can include resorbable or non-membranes. The purpose of this study was to investig...

The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the prevalence and main characteristics of bifid canals within a European adult population, analyzing cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT). The population study examined 300 subjects. The CBCTs were performed between 2012 and 2019, using PaX-Zenith3D with a standard protocol of acquisition. The...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern responsible for the ongoing pandemic. Histopathological pieces of evidence on COVID-19 are not fully investigated. This review aims to provide, through microscopy investigations, a histopathological overview of COVID-19 structural and ultrastructural alterations...

Several types of deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM) are available on the market, and each one is obtained with a thermic and chemical process that can differ, achieving different results. Currently, several protocols using low temperature are suggested to reduce the possible particle crystallisation during the production process. This study a...

The history of dentistry and medicine has a deep and ancient bond with the history of anatomy. From the ancient times to the present, the study of the human body represents the basis for research and clinical therapy. The historical contribution of anatomists to the development of dental medicine also helped in its characterization as an integrated...

Surgical procedures in posterior area of maxillary might cause an oroantral communication and iatrogenic sinusitis. An undetected oroantral communication can cause the penetration of foreign bodies, such as dental impression materials, in the maxillary sinus, thereby contributing to persistent sinusitis. Given the occurrence of a very rare clinical...

The preparation of the implant site in guided surgery procedure takes place without irrigation, which could lead to increased friction of the drills with the formation and release of debris or metal particles. The presence of metal particles in the peri-implant tissue could represent a trigger for macrophage activity, bone resorption processes, and...

Platelets are a cellular subgroup of elements circulating in the bloodstream, responsible for the innate immunity and repairing processes. The diseases affecting this cellular population, depending on the degree, can vary from mild to severe conditions, which have to be taken into consideration in cases of minor dental procedures. Their secretion o...

Understanding the biological and morphological reactions of human cells towards different dentinal derivate grafting materials is fundamental for choosing the type of dentin for specific clinical situations. This study aimed to evaluate human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLF) cells exposed to different dentinal derivates particles. The study...

Enterococcus faecalis is a microorganism that can be found in the oral cavity, especially in secondary endodontic infections, with a prevalence ranging from 24–70%. The increase in the ability to form biofilms in the presence of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations is a phenomenon that is observed for a wide variety of bacterial pathogens and is...

Infertility affects around 8% of couples with a slight change in percentage in the last years. Despite the significant efforts made in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in handling this disorder, oocyte quality remains a crucial factor for a positive outcome. A better understanding of the dynamics underlying oocyte maturation, fertilization...

For dental impression of a prepared tooth, the goal is a void-free negative representation from which an accurate cast of a tooth and its surrounding tissue can be reproduced. This in-vitro study assessed and compared the reproduction accuracies of surface detail obtained with three different dental elastomeric impression materials: vinyl polysilox...

This study aimed to investigate the histological features of deproteinized equine bone mineral (DEBM) and anorganic bovine bone (ABB) after human sinus augmentation with the lateral approach. Twenty-three sinus augmentations were performed in 16 patients (male: 10/female: 6) using DEBM or ABB in a randomized fashion. Healing took place over the nex...

The jawbone is a peculiar type of bone tissue, unique for its histological, anatomical and physiological characteristics. Therefore, a defect in the maxilla or in the mandible, because of pathological sequelae is difficult to prevent and to restore. Several biomaterials have been and are currently being developed to respond to the demands of regene...

Use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in bone healing has been studied for years, and its application in implant dentistry is still a controversial topic due to the difficult assessment of its clinical efficacy. We report the application of LLLT as aid in the osseointegration in two patients undergone to implant surgery in the upper jaw. In one hem...

There is currently no consensus on the best way to remove adhesive remnants from teeth following debonding. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of four adhesive resin removal (clean-up) techniques, performed with or without the use of an operative microscope. Forty human teeth were duplicated using an epoxy...

The field of regeneration interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgeries still represents a challenge for researchers and clinicians. Understanding the biological and morphological behaviour of human cells towards the materials used for the regeneration surgeries is key to successfully choosing and applying the appropriate biomaterials for speci...

Over the last forty years, many trials have been performed using mammalian embryo cultures with reduced oxygen tension (O2) to encourage proper embryo development and increase the success rate for in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Even if the use of atmospheric O2 (20%) affects in vitro embryo development and intracellular redox balance, the us...

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is routinary used in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to increase the yields of mature oocytes. The possibility that patients with a history of failures or poor-responders may develop side-effects following these treatments is still debated. Epidemiological studies reported controversial results ab...

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) constitute a relevant part of environmental pollution. POPs are chemical compounds that persist for a long time in the environment, bio-accumulate in the human body and determine significant adverse consequences to human health. The characteristics of these substances are lipo-affinity, semi-volatility and resis...

The disciplines of biosciences included in the curricula of a nursing degree represent a daunting but crucial type of knowledge that a well-prepared nurse should acquire. Given the importance and the objective difficulties of these courses, nursing students experience anxiety, especially for the anatomy course. This anxiety and the related rate of...

Objective: Dental anomalies occurring in deciduous teeth can affect the eruption of the permanent dentition and the occlusion stability. The occurrence of dental anomalies such as double teeth during the primary dentition in the daily practice might be frequent. The study aimed to qualitatively summarize the therapeutic management of double teeth i...

During aging, usually graying of the hair occurs as a result of oxidative stress. Driven by social acceptance and self-perception of the exterior appearance, both men and women rely on hair dyeing products, in order to mask the graying hair. At the same time, a frequent use of synthetic products and treatment can damage the hair shaft; for this rea...

Background: The use of medicated mouthwashes and gels in the home care maintenance of dental implants is controversial due to the possibility of residue deposition on the implant collar. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyse, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the amount of residues on dental implant collars treated with vario...

Background: Oral malodor is a very discomforting condition deriving from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds in the expired air. In halitosis of intraoral etiology, the volatile sulfur compounds are metabolic products of the oral microorganisms within the biofilm coating the tongue dorsum as well as other tissues in the oral cavity. The aim...

In guided bone regeneration (GBR) interventions, the incorrect manipulation of the soft tissues may lead to exposure of graft due to insufficient amount of tissue needed for a free-tension flap closure. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical and radiographical effectiveness of soft tissue augmentation in aesthetic areas. A total...

Inflammatory diseases affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding an implant represent a new challenge in contemporary implant dentistry. Among several methods proposed for the decontamination of titanium surfaces, the administration of topical 14% doxycycline gel seems to be a reliable option. In the present study, we evaluated the microbial e...

The present study involved a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tongue dorsum biofilms sampled from halitosis patients and healthy volunteers. The aim of the study was to quantify the distribution of Streptococcus spp. and Fusobacterium nucleatum within the oral halitosis biofilm in order to highlight the role of these bacterial members in...

External dental root morphology knowledge is fundamental for the implication in periodontal and implant dentistry branches. So far the literature available presents a few and not updated studies regarding this particular topic. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphometry of external gross anatomy of single-rooted premolars, focusing on...

Cheiloscopy is the branch of forensic dentistry studying the patterns and the systems of the lips’ grooves for identification purposes. Different authors have studied different ethnic population but no research has been carried out specific to the Italian population. This study aimed to describe the pattern and the system of lip grooves in an Itali...

Lemierre's syndrome is also known as the forgotten disease, and is a rare but life-threatening complication that can arise after surgical extractions of infected mandibular third molars. Owing to its rarity, oral and maxillofacial surgeons might not immediately recognise or can underestimate the pathological signs, and consequently do not apply the...

Purpose: Bisphosphonate drug therapy provides benefits in the case of osteoporosis and carcinomas metastasizing to the bones, but it exposes patients to important side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and the appropriate surgical treatment of bone lesions and fractures due to antiresorptive drug-related osteonecrosis...

Aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of 6 mm long implants compared to normal length implants placed in vertical augmented atrophic posterior mandible, supporting cemented single crowns. Thirty-six patients with bilateral posterior edentulous mandible and presented a bone availability height less than 9 mm from the mandibular canal were...

Follicular cysts develop from the enamel epithelium of an un-erupted tooth. Two cases of extremely large and extended follicular cysts related to the upper impacted third molars in young patients and treatments are described. Case 1 Female, aged 16 with swelling of the right cheek and oral vestibule, right exophthalmos and diplopia. Spiral Computed...

Mancozeb, an ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate, is widely used as a fungicide and exerts reproductive toxicity in vivo and in vitro in mouse oocytes by altering spindle morphology and impairing the ability to fertilize. Mancozeb also induces a premalignant status in mouse granulosa cells (GCs) cultured in vitro, as indicated by decreased p53 expression...

Lingual mandibular foramina are peculiar anatomical variations often present on the bone surface of the inferior jaw. These structures host vascular and nervous anastomosis deriving from the branches of the submental artery, lingual artery, and the mylohyoid nerve. Reports pointed out intra-operative massive bleeding accidents during implant interv...

Implantology research framed the implant surface as a key element for a good and sustainable osseointegration of an implant fixture. The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial properties of anatase-coated titanium healing screws through microbiological and scanning electron microscopy. The comparison of the bacterial colonies growth bet...

Objective To define the association between mandibular fractures and alterations of the cranio-atlo-axial joint (CAAJ). Methods 315 cases of displaced mandibular fractures were retrospectively evaluated by CT scan and cervical X-ray for associated alterations of the CAAJ. Statistical analysis employed the chi-square and Cohen's kappa coefficient. R...

Oral surgery procedures involve traumatization of mucosal and bony tissues, and lengthy interventions can lead to inflammatory post-operative sequelae. In the bony tissues in particular, the inflammatory processes can affect healing. Modern drug therapies provide valid support for lowering the risk of occurrence of post-operative inflammatory signs...

Along with the emerging needs of the dental patients, numerous techniques for oral tissue stimulation and regeneration were developed to be employed in the modern implant rehabilitation therapies. The Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) are a relatively new therapeutic presidium that can be used for this purpose, enhancing the regenerative potential...

Background: The attainment of a good primary stability is a necessary condition to ensure the success of osseointegration in implantology. In type IV cancellous bone, however, it is possible that a reduced primary stability can lead to an increased rate of failure. The aim of this study was therefore to determine, with the help of the resonance fr...

Objectives. Short implants are increasing their popularity among clinicians who want to fulfill the constant demanding of fixed prosthetic solutions in edentulous jaws. The aim of this report was to propose a new possibility to project and realize an occlusal guided implant cross-arch prosthesis supported by ultra-short implants, describing it pres...

Aim: Tooth development and mineralisation are processes that derive from different tissues interactions, in particular ectodermal and mesenchymal layers. These interactions are responsible for the formation of unique structures with a particular chemical composition. Despite differences, mineralised tissues are similar and they derive by highly co...

This paper illustrates two endo-periodontal lesions treated with the same standardized protocols with different prognoses. In the first case, the endodontics and periodontal therapies were performed with clinical and radiological healing of the lesion. In the second case, the tooth had to be extracted because of repeated inflammatory processes. In...

This paper illustrates two endo-periodontal lesions treated with the same standardized protocols with different prognoses. In the first case, the endodontics and periodontal therapies were performed with clinical and radiological healing of the lesion. In the second case, the tooth had to be extracted because of repeated inflammatory processes. In...

Laser devices are powerful instruments and are fully integrated in a dentist’s life working. They are mostly known for the thermal cutting properties, therapeutic lasers find a wide application in the regenerative and adjuvant medicine. The aim of this short review is to provide the definition of Laser Biostimulation, its last updates and applicati...

Objective: The interest in the study of the tongue papillary niches and the related biofilm has increased in recent years because they form a suitable source of periodontal microorganisms and are associated with development of halitosis. Tongue dorsum structure represents a factor favoring a particular and complex bacterial biofilm where periodonta...

Objective: The interest in the study of the tongue papillary niches and the related biofilm has increased in recent years because they form a suitable source of periodontal microorganisms and are associated with development of halitosis. Tongue dorsum structure represents a factor favoring a particular and complex bacterial biofilm where periodonta...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of NeoHeal during laser-assisted oral surgery. Background data: Laser-assisted surgery is a less invasive technique than conventional surgery using a blade; however, the heat produced by the laser can damage tissue proximal to the treated area. We hypothesized the hydrogel Ne...

Skin is the first business card in human social life. Its structure, texture and color transmit our status of health and wellness. Unfortunately, wrinkles and sagginess appearing is a natural phenomenon of life that can affect the human psychological status. Especially with the increase of the lifetime, and the focus on improving the lifestyle, the...

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become a strategic therapy in tissue regeneration medicine. PRP represents a good source of growth factors. Due to this property, it has been considered a reliable adjunctive material in bone augmentation procedures, such as the sinus lift technique. The aim of this review was to assess the scientific evide...

Background: The arterial vascular supply of maxillary sinus has to be considered in all the surgical procedures where it is involved. In particular, the intraosseous anastomosis between the posterior superior alveolar artery and the infraorbital artery branches in the bony canal can be tricky to a not well aware clinician. The aim of this study is...