Saoharit Nitayavardhana

• Lecturer at Chiang Mai University

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated biorefinery process of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the co-production of methane and hydrochar using elephant dung (ED) as substrate. With a leachate recirculation rate of 4 times/day, the SS-AD presented the highest cumulative methane yiel...

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated biorefinery process of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the co-production of methane and hydrochar using elephant dung (ED) as substrate. With a leachate recirculation rate of 4 times/day, the SS-AD presented the highest cumulative methane yiel...

Effluent from biogas plants can contribute to serious environmental issues due to its high organic compound content and its dark color. This study utilizes Pseudomonas putida strains isolated from activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant to reduce the organic compound content and dark color of biogas plant effluent. The treatment of effluen...

Biogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely adopted for sustainable organic waste management. This chapter introduces the basic fundamentals of anaerobic digestion. Biochemical reactions describing biological degradation of organic material in AD are discussed. The terminology and parameters governing the quality of wastewater are intr...

This chapter introduces biogas and its properties. After a brief historical review, the substrates suitable for biogas production are introduced. Global production of biogas is discussed. The potential for biogas production is large but several factors have this far, limited its growth. The chapter concludes by discussing the biogas situation in So...

Fluoride concentrations in the groundwater continue to be a major cause for concern in Thailand, particularly in the country’s north and west. The process of removing fluoride through adsorption has captured the attention of the abundance of ore in the mining industry. For the purpose of this investigation, the utilization of the adsorbent pyrolusi...

Lab-scale anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR) and oxic membrane bioreactor (O-MBR) systems using a submerged polysulfone hollow-fiber membrane module with a pore size of 0.01 μm and a total surface area of 1.50 m² were used to treat domestic wastewater. The sludge retention time (SRT) of each system was examined by setting the SRT to 10, 20,...

The aim of the present study is to grow microalgae to remove CO2 from a stripping column as well as macronutrients from a biogas digester effluent. In mixotrophic conditions, non-sterilized and sterilized chicken farm biogas effluents were used to cultivate Chlorella sp. Endogenous bacteria in the wastewater had no effect on the rate of algal growt...

This study aims to investigate an in-situ methane enrichment in an anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The process was carried out by desorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the effluent and recirculating effluent back to the digester. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted in a 1100-liter anaerobic channel digester equipped with an external bu...

The increasing urbanization is a great challenge for city development and management. One major problem is the rising amount of municipal solid waste due to food product demand and other living essentials. One of the Circular Economic's concepts is keeping products and material in use, so adding a sorting list and extracting more items can reduce w...

Fungus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, was used for the pretreatment of broiler farm derived-lignocellulosic bedding material (rice husk) to enhance the subsequent solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). Fungal pretreatment efficacy was evaluated through a series of batch studies with respect to carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and pretreatment time....

The present investigation was carried with accessible roadside ornamental tree waste, Cassia fistula pods (CFP) for biobutanol production using Clostridium acetobutylicum TISTR 2375 through various methodologies com-positional analysis, extraction, saccharification, and fermentation. The results of the liquid hot water extraction (LHW) in CFP revea...

The potential for microbial protein production in the mixture of yellow wine lees and rice soaking wastewater was examined. Strong symbiotic effect was observed in fermentation with yeast-fungus mixed culture of Candida utilis and Geochichum candidum at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The maximum specific biomass yield of 4.91 ± 0.48 g final biomass/g initia...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained significant attention in recent years. In addition to producing renewable energy and bio-based chemicals from diverse organic feedstock, AD process also remediates organic waste streams along with curtailing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Operational conditions and anaerobic reactor configurations are continuousl...

This research investigated the reduction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions and their trihalomethane formation potentials (THMFPs) by powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Leachate contaminated groundwater around an inactive open-dumping landfill was selected as the raw water. The PAC adsorption reaction was proven to be the pseudo sec...

The anaerobic process has been widely adopted for the treatment of high-strength wastewater because of several inherent merits. This chapter provides an overview of bioreactor design and development, especially for the treatment of industrial effluents. Various considerations on the anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents are discussed. Strateg...

The potential for large-scale production of an edible fungus, Rhizopus oligosporus, on a liquid residue from sugar-to-ethanol production, vinasse, was investigated. An airlift bioreactor (2.5-L working volume) was used for cultivating the fungus on 75% (v/v) vinasse with nutrient supplementation (nitrogen and phosphorus) at 37°C and pH 5.0. Aeratio...

A review of publications encompassing bioenergy from residues of biofuel industries is presented here. Articles are within two years of 2012 and incorporate the topics of advanced biofuels and bioproducts for current and future biorefineries.

Biofuel production generates significant amounts of low-value residues and wastes. This results in concern over the sustainability of the biofuel industry and its impact on the environment. Bioconversion offers opportunities for the economic utilization of biofuel residues and wastes with concomitant remediation of wastes. Due to their characterist...

This study examined the potential of producing an edible fungus, Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, on biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. Prolific fungal growth was observed with a fungal biomass yield of 0.83 ± 0.02 (g biomass increase/ginitial biomass) under optimal cultivation conditions (e.g. nonsterile crude glycerol at a concentration of 7...

This study examined the potential of producing a protein-rich fungus, Rhizopus microsporus (var. oligosporus), as an aquaculture feed ingredient on vinasse generated during sugar-based ethanol fermentation. Optimization studies showed prolific fungal growth at pH 5.0 and 30 degrees C on vinasse with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplementatio...

The effects of ultrasound and heat pretreatments on ethanol yields from cassava chips were investigated. Cassava slurries were sonicated for 10 and 30 s at the amplitudes of 80, 160, and 320 μmpp (peak to peak amplitude in μm) corresponding to low, medium, and high power levels, respectively. The sonicated and non-sonicated (control) samples were t...

The use of ultrasound pretreatment to enhance liquefaction and saccharification of cassava chips was investigated. Cassava chip slurry samples were subjected to sonication for 10-40 s at three power levels of low (2 W/mL), medium (5 W/mL), and high (8 W/mL). The samples were simultaneously exposed to enzymes to convert starch into glucose. The cass...