Santos Orejudo Hernández

• Doctor of Psychology
• Researcher at University of Zaragoza

The socialisation of adolescent boys and girls takes place primarily online in virtual environments, where cyberbullying is one of the greatest current social dangers faced by that age group. Socio-emotional e-competencies (i.e., competencies that apply specifically to online environments) are a protective factor against cyberaggression and cybervi...

Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA) is one of the major obstacles many musicians face in the course of their training and careers. Few studies have approached this construct using a qualitative methodology. To apply such an approach, we gathered testimonials of life histories from four musicians – two pianists, a violinist, and a cellist – through se...

There are clear signs of the growing use of the internet across all cultures, which generate new behaviors in the virtual environment such as media multitasking, phubbing, and cybergossip, all associated with online risks and less positive modes of socialization. FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) along with virtual emotional experiences could be relevant...

Las Competencias Clave constituyen uno de los elementos básicos de los currículos europeos para promover el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida mediante la educación. Sin embargo, existen pocos instrumentos para evaluarlas en adolescentes. Por ello, se creó la escala de Medición Integral de Competencias (COMINT) como un constructo global bajo el marc...

Introduction The construct of collective intelligence assumes that groups have a better capacity than individuals to deal with complex, poorly defined problems. The digital domain allows us to analyze this premise under circumstances different from those in the physical environment: we can gather an elevated number of participants and generate a la...

Se ha observado que los niveles de actividad física en adolescentes durante las clases de Educación Física están por debajo de los recomendados, especialmente en aquel alumnado con exceso de peso. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y las preferencias de interacción social en las cla...

Cybergossip in adolescence: Its relationship with social competency, empathy, emotions in online communication and socio-emotional e-competencies by gender and age. Abstract Cybergossip involves making evaluative comments about third parties through digital devices, a behaviour accentuated by the use of social networks and associated with the inten...

Introduction: Socio-emotional competencies in face-to-face communication are an essential tool for personal and social adjustment from an early age. Online communication has become equally important, especially in adolescence. It is known that its characteristics require specific skills, but there is a lack of studies that analyse the relationship...

The promotion of regular physical activity (PA) is becoming one of the main tools applied in developed countries to address health and obesity problems, particularly in view of the proven benefits of PA on a physical, psychological, and social level. Indeed, childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for an active lifestyle can be established, w...

¿Ha sido el Coronavirus una oportunidad de cambio para la escuela y el Sistema Educativo? La pandemia ha colocado a los docentes ante un reto metodológico en el que la enseñanza On-line ha sido la alternativa a la enseñanza presencial. Todo ello ha conllevado a la incorporación de nuevas prácticas docentes, no solo durante el confinamiento sino tam...

World Health Organization's approach was one of the most comprehensive frameworks in categorizing the essential skills for youth, creating the 10 Daily Life Skills Education. There is a scarcity of instruments for Life Skills assessment. For this reason, Daily Life Skills Education Questionnaire for Adolescents (HVD-A) scale was created to assess 1...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848048.].

Introduction: Education in netiquette (social norms that promote cyber coexistence) has become an alternative proposal for helping prevent online expressions of discrimination and violence. Specifically, empathy and online emotional content are key in antisocial behaviours. Method: Our objective is thus to differentially analyse the relationships...

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre variables relativas a la motivación de logro como son la percepción de competencia autopercibida, la percepción de competencia comparada, el compromiso y entrega en el aprendizaje en Educación Física y la ansiedad ante el fracaso y situaciones de estrés con el índice de masa corpo...

This study analyzed the factorial structure of motor competence tests designed to evaluate motor development among adolescents, focusing on the two main dimensions of coordination and motor control. To this end, we randomly sampled 1,026 adolescents (45.3% males; 45.7% females, age 13.75 years, SD = 1.28). Participants completed the Multidimensiona...

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large grou...

Educating in netiquette (social norms that promote cyber coexistence) has become an alternative proposal to help prevent online expressions of discrimination and violence. Specifically, empathy and online emotional content are key in antisocial behaviours. Our objective is thus to differentially analyse the relationships between netiquette, online...

This article presents the process of translation into Spanish, adaptation, and validation of the General Musical Self-Efficacy Scale by Ritchie and Williamon. After having carried out reverse translation and a preliminary study, the scale was tested on a sample of 668 students enrolled in six Spanish music academies (secondary school and university...

Collective Intelligence (CI) is identified as the group capacity to come up with responses to complex tasks that are not accomplished or are of worse quality if performed cooperatively or individually. Based on this premise, we considered knowing if adolescents’ moral reasoning would increase when a big group faces a topical moral dilemma: a sextin...

Socio-emotional competencies play an essential role in personal development as they are associated with highly prosocial behavior and low aggressiveness. An individual who is online manages his/her emotions in a specific manner. Thus, it is highly relevant to analyze and evaluate online socio-emotional competencies. Until now, however, no instrumen...

Research on cyberbullying has focused on personal and contextual factors. However, little is known about its relationship with habitual behaviours associated with easy access to the Internet, such as cybergossip and problematic Internet use, as well as the role that gender and age play in relation with these variables. Knowledge about these subject...

Increased Internet use has introduced several behavior patterns into the daily routines of adolescents, such as phubbing, cybergossip, and media multitasking during homework. These habits can potentialize risks, particularly in post-pandemic situations. Socio-emotional competencies can act as protective factors against cybernetic risks; however, th...

En la adolescencia internet es utilizado, en gran medida, para la socialización. La comunicación online se ve limitada en elementos no verbales generalizándose así, el uso de recursos emocionales. Sería deseable que la interacción virtual no redujera la calidad de la convivencia presencial y que incorporara la netiqueta o trato respetuoso en línea....

La trascendencia que tienen las interacciones en línea en el desarrollo de los jóvenes hace necesario analizar el papel que juegan las competencias emocionales en este contexto. En este artículo se analizan algunas de las situaciones de riesgo que pueden desarrollar los jóvenes, el ciberacoso y el abuso de las redes, y que tienen relaciones con la...

Evaluating skills of students training to become teachers in early childhood education (ECE) is a key measure to improve their training and, subsequently, to bring about improvements in the way they train their pupils. No research literature specifically describing a scale designed to measure educators’ musical skills at the ECE level has been prev...

Previous research has shown that musical self-efficacy is one of the predictors of academic achievement, but few studies have analyzed the function of social support in the construction of musical self-efficacy. In this study we analyze the relationship between three sources of support perceived by music students – parents, teachers, and peers – an...

Scientific literature has shown contextual factors that predict youth development, and family variables are the most important ones. In this study, we propose a model that explains the relation between family variables (relationship with parents and family activities) and Personal Positive Youth Development (assessed through Life satisfaction, Inte...

El abuso de Internet se ha convertido en un problema social de la adolescencia. Investigaciones anteriores sugieren que está relacionado con las gratificaciones que reciben al utilizarlo. Sin embargo, se desconoce si conjuntamente el uso responsable (netiqueta) y la supervisión familiar pueden equilibrar las gratificaciones que promueven este riesg...

50 free access online copies: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/SGF2KAVVUNA7QB3MD8A7/full?target=10.1080/15388220.2021.1875842 This study analyzed how the relationships of adolescent students with their peers, the educational community, and their families, as well as their attitudes to school violence, influences becoming a relational bullying vi...

Current road signs confront a fundamental issue: are signs displayed in different devices (posted, on-board, painted or electronic) making the most of the same design rationale? Convergent design principles help drivers enjoy an easier coding, learning and retrieval of the schemes enhancing comprehension. This paper focuses on posted road signs (pa...

This study analyses the relation between student misbehaviour and teacher coercion from a teacher perspective by taking further contextual variables into account. Our participants were 480 male/female secondary education and 351 primary education teachers from the Spanish Autonomous Community of Aragón (Spain). This study forms part of the 2017 Coe...

Social support is one of the variables that exert the greatest influence on the motivation of music students, as well as on emotional aspects that affect their results. Research, however, is limited by the current scarcity of evaluation tools. This article thus presents the process of adaptation into Spanish of the Social Support Scale. We report o...

Introduction. Positive parenting and Extracurricular Activities are contextual assets for enhancing Personal Positive Youth Development. However, these assets have not been studied simultaneously or in students of different ages. This paper analyzed these associations, by testing a mediator model in students with different academic trajectories. M...

Personal perceptions of self-efficacy are particularly relevant in the field of music performance, which is oriented toward the outward expressions of one’s own ability through public performances. Within this context, a number of personal variables, including social support and performance anxiety, have been shown to be associated with musical suc...

Emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness are two constructs that have been separately studied, and the relation between them still remains unclear. Research in this area has not attempted to go further into how enhancing EI and mindfulness together can achieve better improvements in this ability to attend mindfully. To bridge this knowledge gap,...

Desde la investigación educativa son muchos los trabajos que vinculan, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, los modelos docentes predominantes con el modo en el que se evalúan los aprendizajes en las clases de ciencias. Este trabajo, desde un enfoque cuantitativo, analiza la relación existente entre los perfiles de los maestros ante la enseñanza de l...

Work values are key elements in the competence training of university students, but little is known about the evolution of these values throughout university education. In this study, 362 Spanish university students were followed throughout the four years of their degree programmes. All of them completed a Work Values Scale that includes intrinsic,...

Objective: This manuscript explores the characteristics of individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder who dropped out of treatment, compared with those who completed it. Method: The participants were 196 patients diagnosed with eating disorders (according to DSM-IV-TR criteria) who consecutively began treatment for the first time in an eating...

Introducción. En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación del impacto de un programa de desarrollo de las competencias emo-cionales en la base del modelo teórico SEA (atención y comprensión emocional, regulación y reparación emocional y expresión social adaptativa de las emociones) sobre tales competencias en jóvenes adolescentes y pre-adolescentes.M...

Emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness are two constructs that have been separately studied, and the relation between them still remains unclear. Research in this area has not attempted to go further into how enhancing EI and mindfulness together can achieve better improvements in this ability to attend mindfully. To bridge this knowledge gap,...

Resumen: El presente trabajo muestra el proceso de validación de un cuestionario sobre creencias sobre la evaluación de los aprendizajes en ciencias con una muestra de 255 maestros en formación inicial. A partir de dicho cuestionario se realiza un análisis descriptivo atendiendo a los factores obtenidos. Asimismo, a través de un ANOVA factorial se...

This paper assesses the prevalence of substance use in Spanish music students as a strategy for coping with Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA). We also assess the relation between substance use and thoughts of abandoning one’s musical career in connection with the degree of self-reported MPA. We carried out this survey on a sample of 463 students st...

This study aims to analyse differences in MPA (Musical Performance Anxiety) in students in five Spanish university-level music conservatories according to instrument type (solo or orchestra) and their academic year of enrolment (AYE). A sample of 476 students with a mean age of 22.59, enrolled in different specialties, responded to the K-MPAI quest...

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder with onset in childhood. Children with ADHD have been found to show impairment in emotional self-control, self-regulation and motivation. Numerous studies have reported cognitive disabilities in memory, executive functions, spatial abilities and language skills. Th...

Introducción. Hoy en día uno de los principales objetivos de la educación es ayudar a los estudiantes a ser autónomos y eficaces. Esto sólo es posible en la medida en que los alumnos autorregulen su propio aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar algunos de los factores contextuales y personales que facilitan este proceso...

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is one of the major emotional problems affecting music professionals and music students; it can only be addressed on a professional basis if a more profound knowledge of determining factors is acquired. This study examines one of these factors, scarcely investigated until now: the age at which an individual began mus...

In the process of musical learning, one of the biggest problems that students must face is stage anxiety. This problem can even lead to the abandonment of studies or lead students to adopt addictive behaviours related to the use of substances to mitigate the harmful consequences that stage anxiety can cause. In this study and taken into account the...

Los tratamientos psicológicos y farmacológicos para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria comportan costes personales y sanitarios. El propósito de nuestro estudio ha sido identificar los diferentes motivos que pueden estar asociados al abandono en ambos tipos de tratamientos en pacientes diagnosticados de un trastorno de la conducta alimentari...

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) in musicians who are undergoing training is one of the most relevant aspects in the daily music practice and performance process. Regarding the study of this problem in the Spanish context, there is a lack of research coming from the scientific community. In this study with a sample of 479 tertiary students of High D...

In the students of Primary Education Teaching we see how music performance anxiety proves to be one of the key problems for the overcoming of subjects related to musical study and practice. Thus we see how this problem is related to personal characteristics such as general anxiety, either trait or state, self-perceived musical competence or affects...

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a phenomenon often encountered among professionals and students who make public appearances. This article presents the results of a study carried out on a sample of music students in superior music conservatories in Spain (N = 434). Our goal was to analyze MPA on the basis of Barlow's (2000) anxiety theory, supple...

L a a n s i e d a d e s c é n i c a constituye uno de los mayores problemas a los que los músicos deben enfrentarse prácticamente a diario en su labor profesional. Este estudio pretende conocer si existe una diferencia en la ansiedad escénica entre los estudiantes del Título Superior de Música en España y si hay una variación en función del centro...

When we study optimism in children, we note the temporary emergence of a bias that leads them to make optimistic predictions. In this study we intend to learn more about changes that can be observed in the optimistic bias of 6- to 12-year old schoolchildren when they predict future events, and in the way they justify those predictions. A total of 7...

When we study optimism in children, we note the temporary emergence of a bias that leads them to make optimistic predictions. In this study we intend to learn more about changes that can be observed in the optimistic bias of 6- to 12-year old schoolchildren when they predict future events, and in the way they justify those predictions. A total of 7...

El optimismo disposicional (Scheier y Carver, 2001) se ha considerado como un factor protector frente a determinado tipo de problemas psicopatológicos en la adolescencia. En particular, los estudios sobre depresión adolescente han puesto de manifiesto que tanto el optimismo disposicional como el estilo atributivo optimista (Peterson y Steen, 2001)...

This article presents the process of adjusting into Spanish Kenny’s Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (Kenny, Davis, & Oates, 2004). This questionnaire is based on Barlow’s theory of performance anxiety and evaluates levels of anxiety whilst on stage. After doing two translations into Spanish, a peer review, and pilot study, the questionnaire was...

This study analyzes the work values of 2,951 first-year university students in Spain enrolled in degree programs within the five major areas of university studies. For our research, participants were asked to respond to a Scale of Work Values in which intrinsic, social, and pragmatic extrinsic values as well as extrinsic values related to geographi...

The goal of our study was to understand the characteristics of non-attenders to a first appointment in a mental health center in order to improve the response to the referral. Various characteristics (sex, age, rural or urban provenance, origin of derivation, days on waiting list, destination of derivation, and principal diagnosis) of the patients...

Schooling in the first stage of early childhood education (0-3 years) in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country has become widespread over the last ten years. The current overall rate of enrolment is 51.9%, which ranks the Basque Country as one of Spain's leading communities in early schooling and suggests the need for a rough estimate of t...

La investigación de los estilos parentales adquirió gran relevancia en los 80 construyendo modelos teóricos que enmarcan los cambios en las relaciones familiares en términos de la necesidad que tiene el adolescente para desarrollar su individualidad en el contexto de unas relaciones estrechas y armoniosas entre padres y adolescentes (Cooper et al.,...

Se presenta un trabajo que evalúa los cambios producidos en la adquisición de valores en los jóvenes adolescentes que participan en actividades de educación no formal. Se pretende evaluar la promoción de competencias y habilidades saludables de las personas que participan en actividades de educación no formal durante los meses de verano, concretame...

p>En este trabajo se analizan en una muestra de 332 adolescentes españoles con distintas trayectorias académicas las relaciones entre cuatro constructos cognitivos emergentes en el campo de la psicología positiva: el optimismo disposicional, la esperanza, la autoeficacia y el sentido de coherencia. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que se encuentr...

Objective An excess of bulimia nervosa (BN) births during the fall has been recently reported, but this finding has not been yet adequately replicated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the presence of a seasonal birth pattern in a representative clinical sample of women with BN. Method We registered the month of birth of 216 female patients...

La amenorrea es un criterio para el diagnostico de la anorexia nerviosa (AN) según el DSM-IV-TR. Sin embargo, al comparar grupos de pacientes que cumplen todos los criterios de este manual para la AN con grupos de mujeres que los presentan todos salvo la amenorrea, algunos estudios no han encontrado diferencias significativas en la psicopatología t...

Amenorrhea is a current criterion for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) according to the DSM-IV-TR. Nevertheless, when comparing groups of patients who fulfill all the criteria of this manual for AN and groups of women who show them all but amenorrhea, some studies did not find significant differences in the psychopathology typically associate...

This investigation analyzes a sample of 332 Spanish teenagers following different academic careers and the relationship among four emergent cognitive concepts in positive psychology: dispositional optimism, hope, self-efficiency and the sense of coherence. The results indicate statistically significant differences between individuals who have pursu...

En este trabajo se exploran las estrategias volitivas de los alumnos de Educación Secundaria en España y México. Los datos se obtienen a partir de una muestra de 205 estudiantes: 105 de España y 100 de México; quienes han cumplimentado el Inventario de Estrategias Volitivas Académicas (IEVA; MCCANN y TURNER, 2004). Los resultados indican que, en ge...

Based on Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck's personality typology which relates types of personality with certain diseases, this study analyzes, in two samples of Mexican and Spanish students, the relationship between personality type and the propensity for cancer and the propensity for cardiovascular disease, and tobacco consumption and the levels of...

Anorexia nervosa as an eating disorder is associated with high weight concern, overvalued ideas about thinness, body image disturbance and excessive fear of gaining weight. In this paper, we study the differences in the distortion of body perception in patients with anorexia nervosa, comparing early and late onset patients, using the Body Shape Que...

Anorexia nervosa as an eating disorder is associated with high weight concern, overvalued ideas about thinness, body image disturbance and excessive fear of gaining weight. In this paper, we study the differences in the distortion of body perception in patients with anorexia nervosa, comparing early and late onset patients, using the Body Shape Que...

In this paper, the result of an intervention program to reduce the fear and improve the self-efficacy of college students of speaking in public is presented. The sample was composed of 158 students that participated as an experimental group and another 101 students as a control group. The results evaluated through the Self Efficacy Questionnaire to...

Se expone el resultado de un programa para reducir el temor a hablar en público e incrementar la autoeficacia entre estudiantes de Magisterio. La muestra está compuesta por 158 personas del grupo experimental y 101 del grupo control. Los resultados evaluados a través del Cuestionario de Autoeficacia para Hablar en Público muestran que los participa...

The role of optimism in health and well-being is widely researched, yet there is little known about the factors contributing to its development. This study analyzes the role that family and peer group factors play on a sample of 386 junior high school students. The results show that both variables are related to optimism, while their role differs a...

Basandonos en la tipologia de personalidad de Grossarth-Maticek y Eysenck que relaciona ciertos tipos de personalidad con el padecimiento de enfermedades, en esta investigacion se analiza en dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos y espanoles la relacion entre el tipo de personalidad de propension al cancer y el de propension a las enf...

Recent advances in "Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies" (HAART), aimed at controlling and preventing the spreading of HIV/AIDS, have improved the quality of life and life expectancies of many patients with this fatal disease. Nevertheless, a significant number of difficulties persist, such as the existence of individuals from disadvantaged grou...

Resumen: Se presenta la valoración que han realizado los estudiantes que han participado en el curso Cero en la Facultad de Educación en el curso 2009/10. Se trata de una actividad diseñada para que el alumnado de primer curso desarrolle algunas competencias necesarias en su rol como estudiantes en el nuevo contexto de aprendizaje del EEES y tambié...

The study analysed developmental and gender differences in the arguments put forward to explain choice of TV programmes and favourite characters by a sample of 859 television viewers (56.3% women and 43.7% men). The open responses gathered using the CH-TV.01 (Television Viewing Habits) Questionnaire were categorised. In general, both men and women...

This study analyzed some aspects of the television viewing profile and personal values of a sample of 1,318 people from the Basque Country (Spain). It also studied the relationship between said values and profile. The instruments used were the Values and Television Questionnaire (Val-TV 0.1) and the Television Habit Questionnaire (CH-TV.01). In rel...

The present study examined the dynamics of IDUs social support and adherence to treatment regimens over time. The participants were 100 HIV+ patients on a methadone maintenance program in Madrid (Spain). The data were elicited using a structured, interviewer- administered questionnaire and were followed for one year. We investigate the following 4...

The principal aim of this research is to compare the patterns of adaptive learning among secondary school students in Spain and Mexico. Participants were 209 students: 105 from Spain and 104 from Mexico. The Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales -individual patterns and classroom goal structure- (MIDGLEY ET AL., 2000) were used. Statistical "t" test...

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es comparar los patrones de aprendizaje adaptativo de los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria en España y México. Participaron 209 alumnos: 105 de España y 104 de México. Se utilizaron dos sub-escalas de la Escala de Patrones de Aprendizaje Adaptativo -patrones individuales y estructura de metas del aula- (MIDG...

The present study examined the dynamics of IDUs social support and adherence to treatment regimens over time. The participants were 100 HIV+ patients on a methadone maintenance program in Madrid (Spain). The data were elicited using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and were followed for one year. We investigate the following 4 g...

In this study, carried out a research on personality disorders in homeless people and their relationship with age. The objective was to analyze whether there is relationship between age and personality disorder suffered by the subject. To do this, a study ex post facto, future-oriented, with a sample of homeless people in a process of integration (...

This study analyses gender differences in television viewing habits in a sample of 577 adolescents (307 girls and 270 boys) from the Basque Autonomous Region (Spain). Our overall aim was to analyse whether adolescents' television viewing habits themselves contribute to defining the significance of gender. In order to establish participants' viewing...

This paper analyses some of the aspects on the development of optimism during compulsory schooling, the point of departure being the socio-personal competences and Positive Psychology. It is argued that the latter can provide new and important insights into the understanding of the development of our children's and adolescents' strenghts and that t...

This study investigates the relationship between antiretroviral treatment and drug abuse. For this prospective study, investigators followed a sample of 100 HIV+ patients on a methadone maintenance program in Madrid (Spain), over a period of time of one year. A high percentage of participants (more than 50% according to the indicators) were seen to...

En este estudio se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre trastor-nos de personalidad en personas sin hogar y su relación con la edad. El objetivo era analizar si existe relación entre edad y trastorno de personali-dad padecido por el sujeto. Para ello, se realizó un estudio ex post facto, de carácter prospectivo, con una muestra de personas sin hoga...