Santanu Banerjee

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• PhD
• Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Marine clay mineral authigenesis, referred to as reverse (silicate) weathering, is one of the first-order controls on seawater pH through the generation of acidity and thus plays a significant role in controlling carbon cycling between marine sediments, oceans and the atmosphere over geological timescales. Reverse weathering is mainly regulated by...

The mechanisms for the deposition of the Cambrian carbonate sedimentary successions remain controversial. The carbonate‐dominated successions (Stage 3 to Stage 10) are well developed in the North China Craton and they are commonly thought to represent a platform setting because of the flat top. In this study, we propose a new scenarioi, that the Ca...

The present study explores a diverse suite of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) preserved at multiple levels within the Mesoproterozoic carbonate succession of Rohtas Limestone in the Vindhyan Supergroup of India. The carbonate succession shows lithological heterogeneity, characterized by a sharp change of facies association and depositi...

The provenance study of Paleo-Mesozoic sediments of the Pranhita-Godavari (P-G) Basin, located in the southeastern India is crucial for the reconstruction of the eastern Gondwanaland, including the India-Antarctica connection. This study examines petrography, heavy mineral chemistry and detrital monazite geochronology of the Permo-Carboniferous to...

The soil fertility largely depends of balance of crucial nutrients, which affects the crop. Different fertilisers, including mineral fertilisers, are used to increase yield. Conventional fertilisers can deplete soil humus, causing increased emissions, soil salinisation besides other environmental hazards. Green fertilisers are needed to restore soi...

The Early Eocene warm climatic episodes have a profound impact on the biotic assemblages. This study presents the distinct changes in trace-fossil signature within the Early Eocene Naredi Formation that consists of a marginal-marine mixed siliciclastic-carbonate succession. The foraminiferal assemblages earlier assigned the formation to the Shallow...

The proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Geosciences Union (MedGU-2) held in Marrakesh onsite and online in November 2022 consisted of four volumes titled: Proceedings Volume 1: Recent Advancements from Aquifers to Skies in Hydrogeology, Geoecology, and Atmospheric Sciences Proceedings Volume 2: Recent Research on Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Pal...

The Lower Cretaceous deposits of North Africa represent a terrestrial to shallow marine sandstone-dominated succession often referred to as the “Continental Intercalaire” (CI) and Nubian Sandstone (NS) informal groups. The upper Barremian Sidi Aich Formation of the CI is distinguished throughout the Chotts basin of southern Tunisia by sandstone-dom...

This study presents detailed sedimentological, geochemical, and mineralogical evidence of green clay formation at the basal part of the early Maastrichtian Kallankurichchi Formation, Cauvery Basin, India. Immediately overlying a basal scree conglomerate, the highly fossiliferous Kallankurichchi Formation hosted a ~ 3.5 m thick dark grey limestone c...

This study focuses on compositional diversity and origin of green clays within the Late Cretaceous volcaniclastic horizons (green boles) in Deccan volcanics based on petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical investigation on outcrop samples. Green boles, showing either sharp or gradational contacts with the underlying basalt, were comprised of...

Book Subtitle Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-3) Editors Federico Lucci, Domenico M. Doronzo, Jasper Knight, Anna Travé, Stefan Grab, Amjad Kallel, Sandeep Panda, Helder I. Chaminé, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Sami Khomsi, Santanu Banerjee, Broder Merkel, Haroun Chenchouni

This book offers new research on earthquake geodesy, seismic hazard, seismotectonics, archeoseismology, and active faulting. It discusses hydrocarbon potential and other resources in the larger MENA region. It presents the state of the art regarding the geology and structure of basement and reservoirs.

The traces left by earthquakes in the unlithified sediments, recorded as soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS), are well reconstructed as palaeo-seismic signals, while the origin of SSDS, seismic vs. Aseismic, is challenging. The present study discusses the origin of SSDS and its implications on palaeoceanography and sediment architecture. In...

- Enhances the understanding of water studies in the Mediterranean environment and surrounding regions - Enlarges the understanding of climate, paleoclimate, and paleo-environmental changes - Provides new insights on sustainable water characterization, evaluation, management, and protection

The Indian Peninsula is one of the most well-studied regions for Holocene sea-level fluctuations in the world, however, standardized relative sea-level datasets are missing. This study provides an archive of sealevel indicators (n = 162, 20 locations) along the western and the eastern sides of the peninsula, that have been used to develop Relative...

Based on detrital monazite dating, mineral chemistry of tourmaline and rutile, bulk rock geochemistry, modal analysis of petrographic and palaeocurrent data, this study tracks the source of quartzose sandstone within the Cretaceous succession of the Cambay Basin primarily to rocks within the Aravalli‐Delhi Fold Belt. Monazite geochronology shows pr...

The formation of clay minerals in volcanic successions follows various evolutionary trends, the understanding of which is crucial for estimating the age of volcanism and the prospecting clay deposits. Early Devonian volcanics within the Byskar Series of the Minusa Depression (Khakassia) are variably altered to a range of phyllosilicate mineral asse...

The late Paleocene-early Eocene warm greenhouse conditions, characterized by elevated pCO2 levels in the atmosphere and a dramatic increase in sea surface temperature, prompted abundant authigenic glauconite formation within the shallow marine sediments worldwide by lowering the net sedimentation rate, increasing organic productivity and expanding...

Tribute to Prof. Feng

Authigenic glauconites formed abundantly on shallow seafloor in the Paleogene Tethyan domain. This study presents a detailed chemico-mineralogical investigation of the Paleogene glauconites in India. The biostratigraphic data reflects the overlapping temporal distribution of the Paleogene glauconitic rocks of Kutch, Cambay, Jaisalmer, Barmer, and A...

Authigenic Fe Silicate are rare occurrence , A Glauconitic sandstone of Proterozoic Gandikota Formation, Cuddapah basin is reported

This investigation aims to design controlled-release nanocomposites based on mechanical activation of a mixture of glauconite and nitrogen nutrients in a 1:1 ratio. The methods include mechanochemical preparation of composites, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), high-resolut...

This study investigates the authigenically formed Late Cretaceous and Paleogene marine ironstones in Western Siberia (Russia) based on petrographic and spectroscopic investigations. In the Upper Cretaceous Kuznetsovo, Ipatovo, Slavgorod, Gan'kino and Paleogene Lyulinvor Formations of the West Siberian ironstone basin, there are three main ore horiz...

Glauconite forms abundantly within the Paleogene warm climatic intervals. However, the role of warm climate on glauconitization is yet to be explored. Glauconitic shales are ubiquitous in transgressive shallow marine deposits of Cambay, Kutch, Jaisalmer, and Barmer basins at the western margin of India. Although the glauconite is most abundant in u...

A detailed study of cement and matrix of ooidal ironstones of the Bakchar deposit (Western Siberia) was carried out to assess the factors influencing ore-forming processes. This research focusses on a debatable issue about iron sources for Phanerozoic ooidal ironstone. Siderite, the main cementing mineral in the ironstones, is of two varieties that...

The approximately 2 km thick fluvio-lacustrine deposits of Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana syn-rift basin, ranging in age from 235 to 196 Ma, track the compositional changes from the Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic. Mineralogical and geochemical investigations, as well as paleocurrent data of the siliciclastic deposits of the four conformable formatio...

Based on integration of field, petrographic and heavy mineral chemical data, this study highlights the source and tectonic setting of the Mesozoic sandstones of Kutch, Saurashtra, Narmada and Cambay basins at the western margin of India, formed by the progressive splitting of the eastern Gondwanaland. The Kutch Basin is dominated by arkosic sandsto...

This study explores the potential of glauconite for a high-resolution interpretation of Eocene stratigraphic sequences for the correlation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The authigenic glauconite forms abundantly during the Eocene in shallow marine environments, and its presence indicates a low rate of sediment supply. Glauconite is characteristically...

Retrograde clay mineral reactions (reverse weathering), including glauconite formation, are first-order controls on element sequestration in marine sediments. Here, we report substantial element sequestration by glauconite formation in shallow marine settings from the Triassic to the Holocene, averaging 3 ± 2 mmol·cm − ²·kyr −1 for K, Mg and Al, 16...

Glauconite forms authigenically by the replacement of quartz and feldspar substrates within the Precambrian Lower Bhander Sandstone (LBS) of the Vindhyan Basin. The glauconite exhibits consistently high K2O (7.08–8.62 wt%) and low to moderate TFe2O3 (6.20–18.5 wt%). The X-Ray Diffraction study reveals an evolved to highly evolved glauconitic mica s...

This study presents an assessment of alternate fertilizer potential of glauconite deposits in India with precise stratigraphy, dimension of the deposit, and its K 2 O contents for understanding their alternate potash fertilizer potential. Further, it provides simple beneficiation methods to separate glauconite from the rest of the sediments. Many o...

Green authigenic mica, i.e., celadonite, is commonly associated with submarine alteration of basic igneous rock. However, very few studies have reported the formation of celadonite under nonmarine conditions. An integrated study involving field investigation, petrography, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry highlighted the origin of celadonite in two...

The Late Paleocene-Early Eocene sections from Lakadong Limestone (Mawmluh Quarry) and Umlatdoh Limestone (Komorrah Quarry) in Meghalaya, Northeast India were examined for larger benthic foraminiferal microfacies and carbon isotopes. We generated high-resolution age models using larger benthic foraminifera biostratigraphy and recorded the change in...

This research presents the mechanical creation of smart fertilizers from a mixture of smectite and urea in a 3:2 ratio by using the planetary milling technique. The smectite–urea composites show intercalation between urea and mineral, which increases steadily with increasing activation time. A shift of X-Ray Diffraction basal reflections, intensiti...

Mauddud Formation (Late Albian-Early Cenomanian) is one of Iraq's most important carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. Fifty-four core samples and one hundred fifty thin sections were made from several wells of Mauddud Formation in Ratawi, south Rumaila, and west Qurna oilfields, southern Iraq. The mineralogy of this formation is limestone and dolomite...

The roughly 6 m thick limestone-green shale alternation within the lignite-bearing Giral Member of the Barmer Basin corresponds to a marine flooding event immediately after the Paleo-cene-Eocene transition. A detailed characterization of the glauconite using Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer and Field Emission...

This study presents an assessment of alternate fertilizer potential of glauconite deposits in India with precise stratigraphy, dimension of the deposit, and its K 2 O contents for understanding their alternate potash fertilizer potential. Further, it provides simple beneficiation methods to separate glauconite from the rest of the sediments. Many o...

This study reconstructs the depositional conditions of ironstones within the Chulym-Yenisey basin and assesses the iron source. The detrital minerals of the studied deposits include quartz and feldspar. The authigenic minerals are goethite, siderite, aragonite, dolomite, calcite, apatite, barite, and pyrite. The clay components include minerals of...

The fluvio-lacustrine deposits of Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana syn-rift basin are studied, to track the compositional changes from the Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic sedimentary record, based on mineralogy and geochemistry of collected field samples. Siliciclastic and freshwater carbonate sediments of the four confirmable formations (~235-196Ma)-Y...

Retrograde clay mineral reactions (i.e., reverse weathering), including glauconite formation, are first-order controls on element (re)cycling vs sequestration in modern and ancient marine sediments. Here, we report substantial K–Mg–Fe sequestration by glauconite formation in shallow marine settings from the Triassic to the Holocene, averaging 4 ± 3...

Preface of book

This study investigates the composition, tectonic setting and age of source rocks of the MesozoicMesozoicKutch BasinKutch Basin, along with the extent of weathering based on heavy mineralHeavy minerals characteristics and geochemical investigations. The MesozoicMesozoic succession, divided into Jhurio, Jhumara, Jhuran and Bhuj formationsBhuj Format...

A detailed study of CallovianCalloviangolden oolitesGolden oolite of Jhumara FormationJhumara Formation from Keera dome, Kutch basinKutch Basin reveals a similarity in the chemical signature of JurassicJurassic ironstones across the globe. An integrated sedimentological and stratigraphical approach involving petrographical, mineralogical, textural...

This study presents physical, petrographical and mineralogical investigation of interbasaltic red boleRed bole within the late CretaceousCretaceous Deccan lava flows in Pune and Mahabaleshwar areas (India) to understand depositional and weathering conditions. The micromorphological study of red bolesRed bole reveals two genetic types characterized...

India offers a graceful natural laboratory for time traveling to the CretaceousCretaceous world. The present chapter attempts a review of Cretaceous geology from India heading for its stance on evolution of basin, stratigraphy, sedimentation, climate, volcanism, relative sea levelRelative sea level (RSL), biogeography and mass extinction. It was th...

This study presents a comparison of geological and geochemical characteristics of the CretaceousCretaceousglauconitesGlauconite of the Cauvery, Kutch, Narmada and Meghalaya basins and relates them to depositional conditions, sedimentation rate and substrate. GlauconitesGlauconite within the Ukra Hill Member and the Karai Shale formations originated...

Channel ironstone deposits (CID) represent a unique variety of iron-rich sedimentary rocks, which are mostly found in Northern Kazakhstan and in Western Australia. The origin and the depositional conditions of this rare variety of ironstone are poorly understood. This study investigates the nature of the Lisakovsk CID and assesses the iron source(s...

The exceptionally glauconite-rich Miocene strata, superbly exposed throughout the front of the nappes zone of northern Tunisia, show marked contrast in Fe-silicate authigenesis within and outside foraminifera chambers. Glauconite forms by the alteration of fecal pellet, quartz, feldspar, volcaniclastic particles, feldspar, and quartz. X-ray diffrac...

The Special Issue ”Iron Biogeochemical Cycle: Relationship with Global and Regional Geological Processes, and Ore Deposits Formation“ focuses on the review of biogeochemical processes for the origin of iron-rich deposits. Factors controlling ironstones’ distribution, metal sources, and mineral formation mechanisms are yet to be properly understood....

This book envisages a multi-proxy approach using stable isotopes, geochemical proxies, magnetic susceptibility and associated biotic events for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental interpretations of the Mesozoic sedimentary record of India. Mesozoic rocks of India record abnormal sea level rise, greenhouse climate, intensified volcanism, hypoxia i...

This edited book is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia, in 2019. It is of interest to all researchers practicing geophysics/seismology, structural, and petroleum geology. With four sections spanning a large spectrum of geological and geophysi...

his book envisages a multi-proxy approach using stable isotopes, geochemical proxies, magnetic susceptibility and associated biotic events for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental interpretations of the Mesozoic sedimentary record of India. Mesozoic rocks of India record abnormal sea level rise, greenhouse climate, intensified volcanism, hypoxia in...

Biological and ecological changes across the Paleogene hyperthermal events were accompanied by dramatic shifts in sedimentation systems in both marine and continental environments. This study investigates the formation of authigenic glauconite within a biostratigraphically constrained section encompassing the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)...

This study focuses on marine sediments of the late Paleocene-early Eocene (∼55.5–49 Ma) interval from the Jaisalmer Basin of western India. It demarcates the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) using foraminiferal biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy. A negative carbon isotope excursion of 4.5‰ delineates the PETM within the basin. W...

This paper investigates the provenance of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments in Kutch basin based on mineralogical investigations using results from thin section petrography of sandstones (QFL plot), ZTR index and mineral chemistry of heavy minerals. This study also examines the compositional variation of sandstone in the Mesozoic of Kutch...

This study presents major element, radioactive element and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of the Garampeta to Markandi beach along the southern coast of Odisha, India to delineate the source signature and resource potential of the beach placer deposits. Average ∑REE concentration of the beach sand samples is about four times higher than th...

Provenance analysis of sediments

Information about zoom conference

Although Paleogene warm climatic intervals have received considerable attention for atmospheric and oceanographic changes, the authigenic mineralization associated with these time spans remains overlooked. An extensive review of the literature reveals a close correspondence between the high abundance of glauconite and warm climatic intervals during...

This study demonstrates the formulation of slow-release fertilizers by the mechanical activation of a mixture of powdered clays and urea in the ratio 2:3, using planetary or ring milling techniques. The activation produces micro-aggregates of composites with intercalated clay and urea and is rimmed by the latter. Smectite-urea and glauconite-urea m...

The conference will cover deep-water processes, deposits, experiments, core and outcrop case studies. Focus will be on recognizing the following facies and related challenges: 1) Deep-water turbidites, 2) Deep-water contourites, 3) Deep-water tidalites, 4) Deep-water baroclinites (i.e., deposits of internal waves and tides), and 5) Deep-water hybri...

An integrated petrographical, geochemical, and mineralogical investigation reveals the wide variation in the mineral chemical composition of glauconites within the Albian-Cenomanian Aitamir Formation. Bounded between a black shale (Sanganeh Formation) below and chalky limestone (Abderaz Formation) above the Aitamir Formation represents an inner she...

A combined facies, petrography and isotope geochemistry reveal an extensive pedogenic alteration of platform carbonate deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Bagh Group in the western Narmada basin in central India. The highly fossiliferous carbonate sequence of the Bagh Group consists of two formations, the Nodular Limestone at the base, and the Bryozoa...

Petrography and geochemistry of the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Kutch Basin in western India reveal the predominance of felsic source rocks. Single‐grain chemistry of the detrital heavy minerals in these sediments refines the existing provenance interpretations by incorporating additional data related to source lithology. The study presents i...

This study explores the fertilizer potential of glauconitic soil by monitoring its impact on the growth of plants during the second growing season after application. Our study documents a higher growth of oats (Avena sativa) in glauconitic amended soil compared to that recorded with the control sample at the end of a 97-day-long experiment. Concent...

An integrated approach involving Sr–Nd isotope, trace and rare earth element analyses tracks multiple sources of the Mesozoic sediments of the Kutch Basin at the western continental margin of India. High (87Sr/86Sr)t (ratio at time of deposition), negative εNd and high concentrations of large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) indicate the upper conti...

This paper presents an integrated study aiming to assess the stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleogeography of the marine and non-marine Tellian, Bejaoua and Fortuna Oligo-Miocene deposits of northern Tunisia. The fossiliferous strata, particularly the glauconite-rich facies, bounded by major unconformities, refine the stratigraphic framework and a...

Pore characterization of shale has gained attention over the years as it provides a good estimate of the total storage capacity of a gas shale reservoir. Ib Valley is a potential shale gas reservoir in India and this study is a systematic pore analysis of these Barakar Formation shales. A combination of low-pressure gas adsorption and high-resoluti...

This study presents a review of the wide spectrum of biotic signatures within the Precambrian Vindhyan Supergroup deposited during the ‘boring billion’ and assesses their biological affinity and age implications. The sedimentation took place in wide–ranging palaeo–environments from fluvial to offshore through shallow marine. While the lower part of...

Detailed petrographical and geochemical investigations of the Andaman Flysch provide distinct yet contrasting provenance and tectonic setting in different parts of the arc-parallel, uplifted subduction complex. Petrographical and geochemical data from multiple sections in North, Middle and South Andaman Islands highlight the spatial variation in th...

This study presents an architectural element analysis of submarine fan deposits based on facies analysis in excellent outcrops of the Andaman Flysch in South Point section at the eastern margin of South Andaman Islands. The 292 m thick section of the Andaman Flysch consists of four facies viz. thick-bedded sandstone, thin-bedded sandstone, heteroli...

This study presents a review of the wide spectrum of biotic signatures within the Precambrian Vindhyan Super-group deposited during the 'boring billion' and assesses their biological affinity and age implications. The sedimentation took place in wide-ranging palaeo-environments from fluvial to offshore through shallow marine. While the lower part o...

This review presents a brief appraisal of the present understanding regarding marine and fluvial sedimentation in peninsular India in the background of global tectono-thermal events and relative sea level changes during the Phanerozoic. Sedimentary basins hosting the Phanerozoic deposits of peninsular India can be broadly categorized into two viz....

The Vindhyan rocks exposed in the Son valley unconformably overlies the granites/metasediments of the Mahakoshal Group. The Supergroup with its excellent preservation records the interplay between sediments and different sedimentological processes. Excellent preservation of primary sedimentary structures allows a detailed process-based facies analy...

This chapter deals with selected traverses through the outcrops of Vindhyan Supergroup. Each traverse includes several stops to visit the nearby outcrops. Each traverse needs at least one full day to visit the outcrops and quickly examine the broad characteristics of each of the constituent formations. These traverses are planned from west to east,...

Microbiota appeared on Earth before 3.8 Ma, and they flourished during the Proterozoic time.