Sanneke Kuipers

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Verified

Sanneke verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Leiden University

Dramatic policy failure: The necessity of a renewed search for causes In their starting years (in the early 1990s), Mark Bovens and Paul ’t Hart were driven by the ambition to formulate an all-encompassing theory of policy failure. A few papers were published and a book manuscript was written but never published. The rise of postmodernism gave rise...

The consequences of a successful intentional attack to a process facility can be severe and could propagate among units generating the so-called domino effects, with potential effects on people, the environment, and assets. For these reasons, institutions and practitioners have found interest in determining the entity of damages associated with the...

Industrial sites that store and process high amounts of hazardous chemicals can become attractive targets of intentional attacks. In fact, the consequences of an intentional attack might be catastrophic and could escalate generating the so-called domino effects, with serious effects on people and the environment. Another key characteristic connecte...

The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics presents a comprehensive longitudinal overview of the Dutch political system. It outlines the Dutch political system’s origins, historical development, key institutions, faults, processes, and key public policy dynamics. Old social cleavages of Dutch politics waned following the influence of long-term demograph...

The assessment of accident scenarios associated with intentional attacks to chemical and process facilities has garnered the attention of institutions and practitioners because of the exacerbation of conflicts in critical contexts. For this reason, it is important to create a framework for the integration of conventional operational safety and secu...

Tijdens crises moeten autoriteiten ingrijpende beslissingen nemen met grote gevolgen voor burgers en organisaties. 'Evidencebased policymaking' wordt gebruikt om wetenschappelijk advies te benut ten en beleidsmaatregelen te rechtvaardigen. Echter, in crises zoals de COVID19pandemie en klimaatverandering ontstaat wrijving tussen wetenschap en beleid...

In today’s interconnected society, we are witnessing crises traversing into new domains and effortlessly cross boundaries. Therefore, it is crucial to develop adequate foresight in order to chart a course of action. In this paper, we propose scenario planning as a key technique. Based on an explorative study of 30 interviews with representatives fr...

In today's interconnected society, we are witnessing crises traversing into new domains and effortlessly cross boundaries. Therefore, it is crucial to develop adequate foresight in order to chart a course of action. In this paper, we propose scenario planning as a key technique. Based on an explorative study of 30 interviews with representatives fr...

Communication has always been key to crisis management research, but even more so in recent years, from multiple disciplinary angles. In this bibliometric study and review of the literature, we aim to identify different clusters of crisis communication research in the literature and whether and how much these crisis communication research clusters...

Industrial sites processing and storing hazardous chemicals can be attractive targets of malicious acts of interference. The consequences of successful intentional attacks to chemical facilities can be severe and could escalate generating domino effects, potentially affecting people and the environment. Moreover, intentional attacks have a dynamic...

De ‘Verdieping Bewaken en Beveiligen’ brengt verdieping aan op actuele gebeurtenissen en ontwikkelingen gerelateerd aan het stelsel Bewaken en Beveiligen. Deze Verdieping wordt aangeboden aan experts die werkzaam zijn bij de stelselpartners en de ketenpartners van het stelsel. Daarnaast wordt dit product aangeboden aan geïnteresseerden in een brede...

As security threats increase, the development of quantitative metrics for security assessment has become a concern in the last years. Still, current methodologies mostly focus on the performance of security barriers, without considering the performance of safety barriers and the economic losses associated with intentional attacks. This study evalua...

Iconic events have traditionally instigated progression in the fields of crisis and disaster science. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressing question is how this global health emergency impacted the research agendas of our field. We reviewed contributions in ten important crisis and disaster journals in the two and a half years followin...

Identifier et expliquer les changements dans la structure des bureaucraties de l’État central et les déterminants de la survie des organisations publiques individuelles sont deux domaines de recherche étroitement liés dans l’administration publique. Nous cherchons à combler le fossé entre ces deux principaux courants d’études du changement organisa...

A successful intentional attack to a chemical facility, where significant quantities of hazardous substances are stored and processed, might result in severe consequences and cascading events. The development of quantitative vulnerability metrics is essential to enhance the protection against external attacks, but standard approaches offer at most...

In this study, we examine how the two facets of the fear of terrorism—the affective and behavioural fears—shift over time. To this end, we use a unique longitudinal data set of a representative sample of 755 Dutch respondents, recruited from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences Panel in the time period between November 2017 an...

Public management aims to improve the qual- ity and efficiency of public service delivery by public organizations (in cooperation with pri- vate companies, independent agencies, NGOs, citizens and so on) in light of the public inter- ests they serve. From crisis studies we learn that the greatest threat to public managers comes from external advers...

In this study, we examine how the two facets of the fear of terrorism—the affective and behavioural fears—shift over time. To this end, we use a unique longitudinal data set of a representative sample of 755 Dutch respondents, recruited from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel, in the time period between November 2017 an...

Policy crises often lead to "framing contests," in which officeholders, opponents, media, and the public at large aim to interpret the crisis in question, explain its cause, attribute responsibility, and agree on ways to address harm caused. More often than not, these contests turn into blame games for the incumbent officeholder. Formal and informa...

At the time when this issue of Risk, Hazards and Crisis in Public Policy gets published (March 2022), we can look back at over 2 years of COVID‐19 pandemic. The crisis had both many phases and faces, in ever so many countries around the globe. In RHCPP, we have seen discussions on its creeping nature (Boin et al., 2020), its dispropor- tionate impa...

While cyberspace has become central to all vital processes in the global economy and people's social lives, it also carries a wide variety of risks. Framing these risks is no easy feat: Some lead to harm in cyberspace itself, while others lead to harm in the offline world as well. Moreover, sometimes harm is brought about intentionally, while at ot...

The field of crisis and disaster studies has proliferated over the past two decades. Attention is bound to grow further as the world negotiates the prolonged challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this review, we provide an overview of the main foci, methods, and research designs employed in the crisis and disaster research fields in the period of...

Security and safety are key topics of concern in the globalized and interconnected world. While the terms "safety" and "security" are often used interchangeably in everyday life, in academia, security is mostly studied in the social sciences, while safety is predominantly studied in the natural sciences, engineering, and medicine. However, developm...

Cyberspace has come to be the ecosystem for all vital processes in our global economy, as well as for our social lives. While this ecosystem has brought many positive developments, at the same time it also carries a wide variety of risks. To get a solid understanding of the landscape of potential risks for cyber security incidents, this chapter pre...

This article discusses both formal and informal institutional factors that shape blame avoidance options of officeholders and influence the outcomes of those blame games in terms of blame escalation and political sanctions. First, how do formal institutions shape officeholders' incentives for arguing that they are not responsible for the policy fai...

Online data breaches are recurrent and damaging cyber incidents fors organizations worldwide. This study examines how organizations can effectively mitigate reputational damages in the aftermath of data breaches by hacking, through situational crisis communication strategies. Comparable data breach crises do not have an equally negative impact on o...

Research on organizational crisis emanates from multiple disciplines (public administration, international relations, political science, organization science, communication studies), yet basically argues that three main categories of crises exist: • Crises in organizations: often tangible, immediate threats or incidents that completely upset an org...

The proverb ‘hindsight is 20/20’, which means that it is easy to understand something after it has already happened, has gained new meaning after year 2020 came to a close. When COVID-19 knocked on its door in December 2019, the year 2020 was slow to realize its impact. Many countries across Asia, Europe, and the Americas were overwhelmed by the ra...

Identifying and explaining change in the structure of central state bureaucracies and the determinants of survival of individual public organizations are two closely related areas of research in public administration. We aim to bridge the gap between these two main strands of studies of organizational change by presenting a novel approach to collec...

This editorial to RHCPP discusses how COVID-19 can be seen as a 'creeping crisis' according to the authors of its lead article (Boin et al, 2020) and how resilience may depend on the real heroes behind the scenes of response to disaster and adversity. Danielsson and Sjöstedt‐Landen (2020) show how in a local disaster, leader normativity in crisis m...

The structure and organisation of the machinery of government is key to the ambitions of political coalitions. When portfolio allocation and agencification are a function of political choice, political volatility should also affect internal structure of government administrations. This study tests the effects of political turnover of individual min...

In crisis, risk and disaster research, a variety of interpretations of the term resilience implies that studies on resilience might look either at preparedness and mitigation efforts before a crisis or disaster occurs, at causal factors explaining recovery in the aftermath, or at robustness and responsiveness during disaster. In this Spring issue o...

Transboundary crises, incidents and disasters, such as chemical spills, airplane crashes and critical infrastructure breakdowns, involving multiple levels and domains of governance pose a particular set of challenges. These challenges also pertain to the investigation and learning phase of a crisis. We study a typical transboundary case: the crash...

Man-made transboundary incidents and disasters, such as chemical spills, airplane crashes and critical infrastructure breakdowns are likely to occur more often in the future (Ansell et al, 2010; Kuipers and Boin, 2015). The transboundary character of such crises poses a new set of challenges (Boin 2019). These challenges also pertain to the investi...

The post-crisis accountability process is a purification ritual that serves to channel public emotions and enables re-equilibration after a severe disturbance of the sociopolitical order. Crisis accountability literature can be reviewed in terms of forums, actors, and consequences. This setup allows a systematic discussion of how crises impact: the...

Summits are potential “crises in the making.” In the context of continuous threats, urgency and conflicting interests, (often ad hoc) networks have to provide public safety and reliability of critical infrastructures and vital public services under conditions of high uncertainty. Yet not all summits become crises. Peaceful summits seem to depend on...

This review aims to map the literature on crisis and disasters by means of a machine-read assessment of the scholarly debate in these domains. The software analyzed abstracts of over 1,000 articles of four related crisis and disaster journals - to find out how the software categorizes their content in a set of topics, what the dominant topics of di...

Relevant safety issues are associated with hazardous materials transportation, especially when transport routes cross populated areas. On March 6th, 2015, a passenger train collided with the last rail car of a freight train in Tilburg, the Netherlands. The last car contained 50 t of liquefied 1,3-butadiene. As a result of the collision, the last ca...

Terrorism only poses a small risk to people but tends to be a major source of public fear. Through fear, terrorism has far-reaching impli-cations for public governance. ln this paper we look at trust in government as a potential mitigating factor of fear of terrorism. We discern between calculative trust, based on analytical assessment of previous...

Nuclear technology creates complex, international, intergenerational and multi-level risks. While these risks add to the institutional complexity of the global system, they also contribute to the emergence of new forms and practices of risk governance. From the outset, the literature on risk governance explicitly acknowledged the “transboundary, in...

This first issue of Risk, Hazards and Crisis in Public Policy (RHCPP) of 2019 reports on disaster consequences for citizens, and on the intricacies of collaboration in crisis response. With five excellent contributions, on victims' perspectives, on collaboration in disaster response and recovery phases, and on citizens' perception of terrorism risk...

On 5 January 2011, a fire broke out at a Dutch chemical company. A large cloud of toxic smoke drifted over two densely populated provinces. The incident was handled well at the operational level. First responders and emergency services did their job as they were trained to do. There was limited damage and there were no casualties. Yet, the incident...

Not so long ago, the Netherlands was a country where politics were dull and predictable. This all changed after Pim Fortuyn, a candidate for the LPF party, was assassinated on May 6, 2002 while campaigning for the upcoming national elections. This chapter aims to explore how failed crisis management can undermine the legitimacy of a political class...

This review article maps the shifts and trends in the risk literature regarding particular risk types across the past 30þ years. Not only does it address which hazards and risks receive scholarly attention, but also from which perspective. A similar review on crisis literature (Kuipers & Welsh, 2017) reported that on average only 14 percent of the...

How to prepare for unknown risks, or detect anomalies in complex organizations that may turn into negative surprises: unanticipated crises for the organization(s) at hand? In issue 9.3 of RHCPP Todd La Porte addresses that question head on, followed by contributions on emergency preparedness of public health facilities (Myers and Bearss), mental he...

Why do some public organizations survive for many decades, whereas others are terminated within a few years? This question of organizational survival has long intrigued public administration scholars. To explain longevity, public administration research has focused on organizational design features and adaptive capacities. The results have been inc...

Why do some public organizations survive and others do not? The bureaucratic retrenchment efforts since the 1980s showed public administration scholars that the structure of the state has its own demography. Yet studies on the survival of public organizations tested different hypotheses using different methods and definitions. This review article r...

Het is onduidelijk of en in hoeverre de aanslagen in nabijgelegen landen ook van invloed zijn op de risicobeleving van de Nederlandse bevolking Niet alleen aanslagen in buurlanden kunnen van invloed zijn op de risicoperceptie in Nederland,1 maar ook het, door de overheid ingeschaalde, dreigingsniveau. De vraag rijst of en in hoeverre het relatief l...

Crisis leadership challenges exacerbate when leaders have to deal with a structural resource shortages, public institutions in transition, ongoing deep-rooted ethno-political conflict, and a history and continued presence of clientelism in politics and administration. Yet media and the public display a strong tendency to arrive at quick and shallow...

This comparative case study probes into conditions for collaborative governance in the security organization of international summits. The security of Summits can be seen as latent crisis, for which collaboration amongst a variety of stakeholders is necessary. Managing collaboration in in preparation for latent crises is the focus of this paper. Th...

This comparative case study probes into conditions for collaborative governance in the security organisation of international summits. The security of summits can be seen as a latent crisis, for which collaboration amongst a variety of stakeholders is necessary. Managing collaboration in preparation for latent crises is the focus of this paper. The...

Disaster researchers do not make much use of the term “crisis” and when they do, it is often used as a synonym for “disaster”. We argue that the use of these terms implies differences in analytical perspective. In this chapter, we outline the crisis approach and explain how it is different from a disaster approach. The crisis approach is fundamenta...

This survey of the literature on crises and disasters reveals that crisis and disaster scholars remain focused on ‘classic’ natural disaster types and on our ability to prepare and respond to the threat they pose. The prevalence of natural disasters as a crisis type and the dominance of preparedness as a crisis theme indicates that the literature r...

This enclyclopedia chapter asks why some public organizations survive and others do not. Public administration scholars found since the 1980s that the structure of the state has its own demography. Yet studies on the survival of public organizations tested different hypotheses using different methods and definitions. This chapter reflects on the co...

Debate on the newly released second edition of The Politics of Crisis Management (Boin, 't Hart, Stern and Sundelius, 2nd edition, 2016, Cambridge University Press) with crisis management experts from practice.

Key note speech, presentation

Public administration scholars tend to take for granted that organizational adaptation is important. This common notion that public organizations must adapt to stay alive has not been put to the test in the field of public administration, however. Intriguingly, organization ecologists find that adaptation does not matter and might even be counterpr...

A series of transboundary crises and disasters has increased pressure on European states to cooperate in the realm of crisis and disaster management. The European Union has taken an active role to connect national capacities of member states. Little is known, however, about the compatibilities of national civil protection systems. This article atte...

In recent years, nation-states have encountered a rapidly changing environment marked by the onset of various threats. These threats range from terrorism to epidemics, from shifting international relations to the breakdown of the financial system, from climate change to cyber attacks. We live in a world where ‘black swans’ and ‘mega crises’ can str...

"Looking more specifically at the functional needs, capacities and challenges for crisis management in Europe, Arjen Boin and Sanneke Kuipers stress that once a threat crosses geographic and system borders, capacities to deal with these threats tend to be insufficient at the national level. This means that national authorities will have to cooperat...

The security challenges that European states face – now and in the future – are daunting. Increased complexity of critical infrastructures, climate change, extraordinary technological innovation, international power shifts, cyber-attacks, energy shortages and environmental degradation create new and unforeseen challenges. In addition, Europe...

Not so long ago crises and disasters were likely to enter collective memory as an unfor-tunate incident or "Act of God. " Such unfortunate incidents challenged or defeated available administrative and political repertoires of prevention and response (Boin etal. 2009, 85). Academic research primarily focused on operational response and mass behavior...

The deeply rooted belief in the importance of public leadership is accompanied by quick and often shallow assessments of leadership performance. Such assessments never arrive more quickly than in the wake of crises and disasters-these episodes make for instant winners (Giuliani) and losers (Bush). These assessments are necessarily shallow, as the p...

Why do some public organizations grow old and others die young? Since Herbert Kaufman first posed this question, considerable research has been devoted to answering it. The findings of that research suggest that the design of new public organizations affects, to a significant degree, their survival chances. In this article, we test whether and how...

Why do some public organizations grow old and others die young? Since Herbert Kaufman first posed this question, considerable research has been devoted to answering it. The findings of that research suggest that the design of new public organizations affects, to a significant degree, their survival chances. In this article, we test whether and how...

This chapter studies the institutionalization trajectories of two US agencies: the Tennessee Valley Authority and the New York Port Authority. We examine whether path dependency affected the institutionalization of these agencies.

In contrast to what many critics claim, path dependency theory can explain both policy stability and change. It explains how public policy and institutions get increasingly consolidated, legitimated and protected by the elites governing a policy sector, and that precisely this rigidity preludes inevitable large-scale reform. Reform is the result of...

This article discusses the politics of policy evaluation and approaches this in two ways, each with its own shortcomings and crucial strengths. The first approach looks at the roles and functions of policy evaluation and puts them in the wider politics of public policy making. The second looks at how the key schools of policy analysis propose to de...

This chapter discusses how institutional theory (especially the Selznick's version) can help us understand policy processes and performance.

Introduction On Boxing day 2004, an earthquake in the Bay of Bengal triggered tsunamis that flooded the coasts of India, Indonesia, Burma, Sri Lanka and Thailand, killing hundreds of thousands and leaving millions homeless and destitute. The involvement of citizens from other continents gave this crisis a truly global dimension. Governments in Euro...

Social security reform in Belgium and the Netherlands Social security reform in Belgium and the Netherlands The record levels of benefit dependency and labor market inactivity rates in the Netherlands and Belgium induced a political crisis in both countries in the early 1990s. Policymakers announced drastic interventions in the Dutch disability ins...

Belgium and the Netherlands were perfect examples of the “welfare without work” policy that characterized European welfare states — until a political crisis in both countries during the early 1990s produced a surprising divergence in administration. While Belgium’s government announced major reforms, its social security policy remained rela...

div>Belgium and the Netherlands were perfect examples of the 'welfare without work' policy that characterized European welfare states-until a political crisis in both countries during the early 1990s produced a surprising divergence in administration. While Belgium's government announced major reforms, its social security policy remained relatively...

This paper analyses the roles of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden in the area of EU legislative decision-making. After reviewing the literature, a research design is presented which incorporates information on the policy preferences of these three political states for seventy recent EU legislative decisions. The findings of the analysis are that the po...

This article aims to enhance understanding of selective politicization processes in policy failures and examine the attempts of policy-makers to use framing strategies to allocate blame. The policy response to alleged submarine intrusions in Sweden and Dutch military involvement in the fall of Srebrenica are the two case-studies used in this articl...