Sankar Kumar Acharya

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya | BCKV · Department of Agricultural Extension

Farmer producer organizations (FPOs) help reduce risk, improve new corridors for entrepreneurship, and a new institutional expanse for redefining the value of agriculture for the 21st century. This organization has got the ability to usher a perennial impact on the farm community essential for their evolutionary growth. Economical communication of...

Value chain in enterprise ecology plays the pivotal role and it provides an arterial services to the enterprise ecosystem dynamics. Now almost 35-40 per cent of agricultural produce are damaged due to lack of value chain. If you want to enhance the marketability and consumer's preferences, this is the high time to focus on the value chain managemen...

Farmer producer organizations (FPOs) are the present and future generation institutional innovations focusing on all round development of farmers as well as farm enterprises. This is going to act as single channel delivery system of farm based services. FPO provides a new platform for engaging a new era of group dynamics among farmers as well asses...

A mathematical modelbased approach to assessing water pollution through the ecodynamics of freshwater zooplankton community and remediation strategies

Water resource susceptibility and sustainability

India is being increasingly characterized with high intensity agriculture. New alluvial zone is also highly depending on agriculture which in turn is both powerful and depletive by nature. Most of the blocks in West Bengal facing a major problem of arsenic contamination which affect on human being and livestock by entering into food chain. Due to m...

The role, perception and impacts of Farmers Producer Organization in transforming entrepreneurial behaviourof farmers in Odisha.

Farmer producer organisations (FPOs) are helping a much needed removal of economic fatigue of Indian agriculture by accelerating entrepreneurial growth and business communication at the grassroot farmer’s level. This extended summary gives details regarding the communication behaviour displayed by the farmers of FPOs.

Farmer producer organisations (FPOs) provides a necessary makeover to the micro-sociological agrarian community who have been facing farm distress over decades. These tend to have micro-sociological implications on various stakeholders involved with the farming ecosystem. Information seeking behavior of FPO members has been the prime movers for fur...

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) provides multifaceted and beneficial services in enabling the farmers with recent innovation and methodologies. The present study deals with the gender issues of Krishi Vigyan Kendra and both the adopted and non-adopted villages have been selected for the study. Following multistage sampling procedure, 150 respondents hav...

Social Entropy , chaos and disorder in Indian Farming. Therodynamics 2nd law has been extrapolated to estimate social entropy.

The sociology of agriculture has now built up a strong kinship with ecology of agriculture; and in between there have been income, productivity and livelihood for myriad of farmers with marginal land and fragile income. It is nearly difficult to drive the apparently conflicting issues of income, ecology, productivity and livelihood to form an organ...

Silence is the lethal catalyst in tranforing poverty into hunger. A mathematical model is being applied to elucidate the nexus

The agricultural production and entrepreneurship basically depends on micro level decision, macro level policy and strategy. Decision is the process to select the best alternatives in neo-modernization of agriculture and the concept of urbanization is the process that is becoming more complex and confusing. Human intuitive judgment and decision mak...

Migration is an integral part of social ecology as well as economic development. The four streams of internal migration are rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-rural, and urban-urban. Rural-urban migration has its inherent linkages to agricultural development. In recent years, COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of migration by humongous scal...

In order to produce competitive and healthy products, farmers must use analytics. In reality, farmers make a variety of judgments based on their thinking, which is not always realistic. Data mining, data analysis, and decision support systems have all developed into crucial tools for advancing business. An innovative technology called Agro DSS serv...

To generate an excellent research output, we need to train up our scholars with advanced and appropriate research methodology. Even with a big research project, the outputs are poor because of a fragile methodology or design. The book, Research Methodology: Techniques and methods, has been a well thought out book creation to serve the scholars and...

Conservation Agriculture (CA) has got the huge potential to address the issue of global food security with ecological resilience and replenishment. The present study was conducted across 40 counties of the state of Ohio in the United States of America to assess and prioritize the social-ecological factors operating at CA farms, using both qualitati...

The contribution of Indian women in agriculture is almost 80 %, while they are accessing benefits from agriculture till now is only 7-8%. This is a stark discrimination between contribution made and benefits accrued to. Krishi Vigyan Kendra in India is aiming at imparting training and capacity building programme for the desired empowerment of rural...

History of human civilization initiated with the struggle against hunger, it flourishes with the fight against poverty and turns oblivious with absence of voices being raised against these two bio-social lethal. If hunger is a pain, poverty is an agony, then, keeping silent against this carcinoma of civilization is no doubt a crime. Is it that poor...

The social ecology of tea gardens in north-eastern part of India has been characterized with polymorphic interactions amongst and between three sets of sub- ecological cybernetics viz. physical ecology, biological ecology and social ecology. Each of these sub- ecosystems is being comprised of sets of constituent characters. The present study has en...

Abstract: Anthropogenic plot-level disturbances may influence insect communities in an ecosystem. Documenting these small-scale disturbances through remote sensing in forested habitats of the developing world can be expensive. Disturbance indices can also be computed using visible signs of disturbance documented through ground-level surveys. In thi...

Climate has got a direct impact on global food production. Soil erosion, crop disease-pest outbreaks, and other problems are caused and accentuated by rapid climate change (or other factors), necessitating more resource surveillance and management in order to develop new adaptation techniques and strategies in the face of changing climate and resou...

Uncertainty is an inhabitable character of any system where most of the contradictory factors are either unpredictable or unfathomable. The higher the complexity, the lesser would be the resilience. The agricultural production system, as it is managed in Indian conditions is most vulnerable to a plethora of uncertainties. Mostly managed in open-air...

The impact of thermal power emissions on the environment is escalating day by day. Simultaneously, it is disrupting the resilience of the agroecosystem as well as the livelihood of farmers. So, the present study was carried out to investigate the eco-environmental impact of thermal power emission on operating agro-ecosystems and the livelihood of f...

Productivity, income, livelihood, and ecological resilience have got classical propensity to move in mutual contradiction. Albeit, an operational reconciliation has been possible when these are put into a process of synchronization. With the escalation of income in an expected situation, it is deemed that the livelihood will have a proportionate ch...

Everyone by nature remains in search of happiness, a mental state of well-being. As happiness is an expectation, entropy persists as a reality. Indian farmers are supposed to cope with the humongous responsibility of food security of millions but seldom do we care for their happiness. Happiness is the most adored goal for everyone on this planet an...

DSS, Decision Support System, can play a crucial role in coastal system agriculture and livelihood monitoring. It has been much more effective when gets blended with participatory data analysis and monitoring. This is a very innovative chapter to draw the attention of the international audience for effective data and decision monitoring in coastal...

Unlike other parts of the globe, small and marginal farmers in India have to confront with uncertainty and chaos. These uncertainties are relating weather, market, livelihood, productivity and functional knowledge in agriculture. These are more conspicuous for a coastal ecosystem of Bengal. The brunt of climate change, sea level rise, ingress of sa...

Farmers' analytics is inevitable for a competitive and healthy agricultural production. In the ground reality, various decisions are taken by the farmers considering their mindset, which are not always sound. Decision support systems, data mining, and data analysis have all become important instruments for enhancing business. AgroDSS is a unique sy...

Jute is a major commercial crop grown by the majority of the small and marginal farmers of West Bengal. To make this venture profitable ICAR-Central Research Institute of Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF) had developed innovative jute production technologies. The study was conducted in 2021 in villages of North 24 Parganas and Nadia districts of West...

Depleting natural resources, environmental pollution and climate change are the three major factors of concern simmering up with contemporary global agriculture. Conservation agriculture (CA) is being flagged up as a sustainable adaptation mechanism. Adoption of CA depends upon ecological as well as, farmers' level of perception, knowledge acquisit...

KVK can be considered as the lighthouse simply because it enlightens, directs and motivates the farming diasporas for the betterment of their livelihood as well as ecological growth. The present study deals with the gender issues of Krishi Vigyan Kendra and both the adopted and non-adopted villages have been studied. 150 respondents have been sele...

The Covid-19 impacted the world in many ways, firstly it shattered human health and then it showed ill some effects on the economy and agriculture. In India the farmers faced many constraints in utilizing technology in agriculture during pandemics. This study has been done in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh with a sample size of 60 respondent...

The role of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the development of entrepreneurship especially for women in the rural areas is vital. SHG is a village-based financial intermediary committee normally consist of 10-20 local women or men. Self-help group is basically group of individual members who by free alliance come together for a common communal purpose....

India is a country of agriculture and rivers. Nearly 70 per cent of its population is directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. Having 2/3rd of its population in villages, India’s economy and its problems is largely affected by its people residing in villages. The villages of India are quite wholesome in nature and it has a proper comprehensiv...

India is a country of an agrarian economy. Nearly 70 percent of its population directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. Having 2/3 rd of its population in villages, India's economy and its problems are largely affected by its people residing in villages. The villages of India are quite wholesome in nature and it has a proper comprehensive eco...

The excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers and the negligence shown to the conservation and use of organic manures (OM) have led to the exhaustion of organic carbon level, soil moisture level, and retention of microorganism population in the soil. The present study reveals that the farmers merely have any perception or they are not technically...

The application of a collection of tools and techniques to direct the use of diverse resources towards the accomplishment of a unique, complex, one-time task within time, cost, and quality constraints. Its origins lie in World War II when the military authorities used the techniques of operational research to plan the optimum use of resources. One...

A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population” (Field, 2005) Why sample? Resources (time, money) and workload Gives results with known accuracy that can be calculated mathematically The sampling frame is the list from which the potential respondents are dra...

Communication in an organization carries innumerable kinds of messages which may be difficult to map out, but it may be possible to classify communications in regard to how to transmit, or who communicates to whom, or what kinds of relationships communication develops. Thus, Communication may be grouped on the following basis.

“Entrepreneurs” are people who create and grow enterprises. “Entrepreneurship” is the process through which entrepreneurs create and grow enterprises. “Entrepreneurship development” refers to the infrastructure of public and private policies and practices that foster and support entrepreneurship

Despite incredible success of technology revolution in agriculture….. we have the story of unhappiness and agony�80 percent of farmers are owners of small, marginal, and fragmented holding, with a fragile economy, most of them are disillusioned and adding to the tally of migrant workers.�140 million holdings and a total of 143 million ha of lands a...

Communication is the process by which a source sends a message to a receiver by�means of some channels in order to produce a response from the receiver in accordance with�the intention of the source (IRRI publication on communication process, 1992)

Can’t you see that for mighty thoughts and heroic aims, the words themselves must be�appropriate” Aristophanes

On one side, there is a population pressure of a size 1,300 million, the other, an availability of 143 million hectares of land available so far, and this is what we may call a land support of 1.04 ha farm in India. This tiny size of land has further been disintegrated into five to six fragmented landholding to add more misery and stress to the ope...

What is personality? How does it influence organizational behavior? Different types of personality..personality and behaviour

Personality, self confidence and communication

The excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers and the negligence shown to the conservation and use of organic manures (OM) have led to the exhaustion of organic carbon level, soil moisture level, and retention of microorganism population in the soil. The present study reveals that the farmers merely have any perception or they are not technically...

Global agriculture since past few decades has been seriously suffering from yield decline, resource erosion and economic impoverishment. A paradigm shift is essentially imminent to save the resource base of agriculture in order to save the existence of small and marginal farmers, especially from South East Asian countries. The present book concerns...

Stewardship and Conservation in Agriculture: The Small farm Reality. Global agriculture since the past few decades has been seriously suffering from yield decline, resource erosion, and economic impoverishment. A paradigm shift is essentially imminent to save the resource base of agriculture in order to save the existence of small and marginal farm...

Transformation of agricultural lands into non-farm lands or plantations has got tremendous ecological chaos and ripples. Northern part of West Bengal is undergoing rapid changes in rural areas where new opportunities are emerging in the form of demand-driven and market-driven agriculture. Due to persistent low returns from traditional rice cultivat...

Conservation agriculture (CA) is the combination of environmental management, modern and scientific agriculture, which employs farmers’ ability to utilize, innovate, and adapt to changing situations, as well as their holistic acceptance of knowledge along with ensuring sustainability. Farm-level adoption of CA is related to reduced labour and agric...

Conservation agriculture (CA) is about conserving natural resources through optimum usage along with adopting proper management measures to cut down on excessive use of inputs. Minimum tillage and retention of crop residues on the field help in the conservation of soil moisture and will result in the saving of irrigation water. To inculcate the ben...

Uncertainty is an inevitable characteristic of any system where most of the contradictory factors are either unpredictable or unfathomable. The higher the complexity, the lesser would be the resilience. The agricultural production system, as it is managed in Indian conditions, is the most vulnerable to a plethora of uncertainties. Mostly managed in...

Agriculture plays an important role in India’s economy. Many rural households depend on agriculture. There is a scope for innovation and improvement, and here Agricultural Extension acts as an approach to development and strategic management. It can analyze the problems and can direct a path to get success by mitigating risk. Here communication als...

Migration is an integral part of human civilization. It can be occurring due to perceived benefits or it can be a result and consequence which is inhabitable. The present study aims at delineating the social ecology of migration, perceived benefits of migration and ecological factors of migration. The rural areas of Chakdah and Haringhata C.D. bloc...

History of human civilization initiated with the struggle against hunger, it flourishes with the fight against poverty and turns oblivious with absence of voices being raised against these two bio-social lethal. If hunger is a pain, poverty is an agony, then, keeping silent against this carcinoma of civilization is no doubt a crime. Is it that poor...

Keywords: Climate-smart Conservation Energy conservation Knowledge Social-ecology A B S T R A C T Conservation agriculture (CA) is shimmering up as a potential solution to food security, biodiversity, mitigating climate change effects on agriculture and water scarcity challenges. Adoption of CA found to be related not only ecological factors, but a...

Conservation agriculture (CA) is shimmering up as a potential solution to food security, biodiversity, mitigating climate change effects on agriculture and water scarcity challenges. Adoption of CA found to be related not only ecological factors, but also depends on the characteristics of the adopter, their level of perception and the decision-maki...

The social ecology of waste recycling implies the structural, functional and managerial intervention of waste generation process. The present study was conducted in Kalyani and Jalpaiguri municipalities of West Bengal. Twenty one (21) independent variables and one dependent variable i.e. motivation of waste recycling (Y 3) have been selected for th...

Migration is an inevitable process in human civilization; it can go and happen in innumerable forms and ways. Sometimes people migrate to harvest better and more happiness or, they are forced to accept more agonies and drudgeries for a poor survival even. So, either push or pull factor initiates and sustains migration. The present book goes deeper...

In evolving extension science, the incubation of geospatial dimensions are of recent trends across the world. The application of methods and strategy of new-age extension need to address the socioecological characters, more beyond margin. The terrains of Himalayas are unique by provoking altitude based extension interpretation and execution. The bo...

Time will speak one day, the present pandemic disaster has been ironically possible due to a score of mindless anthropogenic behaviour and factors, pollution of environment caused by human activity is certain to find an inclusion there. We are destroying forest, water, soil, bio-diversity, natural habitats and foolishly expecting to live a hazard f...

Rural to urban migration is a very common phenomenon as far as the social, economic and demographic changes are concerned. There are various causes regarding massive rural to urban migration which create a subsequent impact on urban population imbalance and extreme urban decay in India. The present study is conducted in Sira block of the Tumkur dis...

The present study assessed perception, practices, and impact, resultant to a process of seamless exposure to cognitive, affectional, and actionable pursuits to health, nutrition, and hygiene-related stimuli,. The study was conducted in Barrackpore-II block of North 24 Parganas district in West Bengal, India. One hundred and ninety-four (194) School...

In an era of unstable ecology and fragile environment, a sustainable cultivation approach is gaining gradual importance in place of conventional input-intensive agricultural production systems along with non-judicious use of agrochemicals and irrigated water. Many international development projects have started to promote Conservation Agriculture g...

Non-descript green leaves, edible and consumable, when naturally grown in a non-descript land ecosystem , retain the immense possibility of immunizing the human body following its consumption. Any biodiversity, having huge edible leaves, keeps growing in an undisturbed ecosystem, non-descript ecology can be the saviour of human life as a provider o...

Communication is the process that transfers and receives messages, shares and creates opinions; while entrepreneurial communication incubates, mentors and propagates enterprises. The way a teacher communicates to the students is equally important the way an investors talks to the customers, because, in a sense, both are entrepreneurs and behaves th...

Agriculture is the part and parcel in the process of economic development in India. Besides providing food to the nation, agriculture releases labor, provides saving, contributes to market of industrial goods, and earns foreign exchange. Agricultural development is an integral part of overall economic development. In India, agriculture was the main...

Different Initiatives under Agricultural Extension since independence.

CAAST on Conservation Agriculture Social Science Module Presented by Prof S K Acharya

Aims: The major objectives of the study are to estimate and elucidate health, nutrition and calorie Intake of farmer in their perspectives of relation and interaction, the general status of the operating factors of the research locale in terms of nutrition and food accessed by the target respondents, the variables as well as factors, in the forms o...

Farm Women are the backbone of Indian Agriculture and cater more than seventy-five percent of farm operations, at home or on field. But they are unsung contributors and mostly remain overlooked. The nutritional management and healthcare of farm women merit an epitomized attention so that both food security and social security can be ensured for all...

Energy is the main text of agricultural modernization as well as civilization as a whole. The energy consumption pattern is an indicator on the kind and nature of energy balances in 'social ecology' where we have to organize all sets of factor productions. The indiscriminate consumption of energy, as has been reflected in water management, soil and...

Occupational migration is a form of mobility in which migrants pursue the freely chosen aim of working temporarily in a different place. The present study has aims to describe the farm ecology of occupational migration, perceived benefits, and different factors of occupational migration. Basically, the study was conducted on the rural background in...

Migration is inevitable in the process of economic development (Afsar, 2003; Ballard, 2005). There exists a two-way caution between migration and economic development. Migration induces economic development while economic development induces further migration. Migration can be of two types: international migration and internal migration. Internatio...

6 Abstract “A good quality land yields good results to everyone, confers good health on the entire family, and causes growth of money, cattle, and grain.” As a source of livelihood, agriculture remains the largest sector of the Indian Economy. While its output share fell from 28.3% in 1993-94 to 14.4% in 2011- 12 and employment share declined from...

The new alluvial zone of Eastern India is characterized by high-intensity agriculture which in turn is both coercive and depletive by nature. Almost 120 blocks in West Bengal are under the clutch of arsenic contamination which is enjoying a pervasive passage through the food chains to kill both human beings and livestock. High-intensity mechanizati...

Information caters a key role in enhancing agricultural production and productivity in the study area. Identifying information needs and information-seeking behavior of farmers is helpful to inform information service providers on what strategies to adopt for agricultural information dissemination and the improvement of agricultural productivity th...

Any transformation or change in the ecosystem has got a rippling effect. It invites a reciprocal cha nge in the landscape, life, and livelihood of hundreds and more hundreds for the visible and invisible life for ms. Tea gardening in North Bengal, covering Hill area of Darjeeling, is an internationally recognized ecosystem and with a unique cultura...

Many developing countries, including India are characterized by non-uniformity in level of education, poverty, awareness, socioeconomic development, practices and rituals which add to the complexity of getting proper sanitation and hygiene. One of the most neglected aspects of Indian agriculture is that it seldom ignores the health and hygiene issu...

Krishi Vigyan Kendra was established initially to impart training to the different stake holder of the farming community as a method of technology delivery system. As the time passed by this grass root institution has undergone a tremendous change, starting from technology generation, testing, verification and ultimately onwards transmission to the...