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Introduction
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Publications
Publications (413)
Epigenetic modifications regulate critical biological processes that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of the Polycomb-Repressive Complex 2, catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27 (H3K27) involved in gene silencing. EZH2 is amplified in human cancers and has roles in regulatin...
Objective: Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) are highly invasive and 46% of patients develop distant metastases, leading to higher mortality. Chemotherapy remains the most efficacious option, however, there is still a largely unmet need to identify novel therapeutic targets in TNBC to increase treatment options and improve patient outcomes, sur...
Prostate cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease that affects millions of males worldwide. Despite rapid advances in molecular biology and innovation in technology, few biomarkers have been forthcoming in prostate cancer. The currently available biomarkers for the prognosis of prostate cancer are inadequate and face challenges, thus having limite...
Introduction and objective To examine the dynamic changes in the formative factors of nephrolithiasis and the final micromorphological changes in an obesity-initiated metabolic syndrome (MS) rat model.Methods Forty five-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: the regular diet group (RD), high-fat diet group (H...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with minimal treatment options. In the present work, Withaferin A (WA), a natural steroidal lactone found in Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), was studied to deduce the miRNA expression modulation mediated anticancer mode of action in TNBC cells. Small RNA next generation...
Preclinical and human studies on the relationship between obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) are inconsistent. We compared the temporal effects of feeding four different diets used to induce obesity/MetS, including 60% fructose, 2% cholesterol 10% lard, 30% fructose 20% lard, or 32.5% lard diet, up to 42 we...
Signal peptide, CUB, and EGF-like domain-containing proteins (SCUBE) are secretory cell surface glycoproteins that play key roles in the developmental process. SCUBE proteins participate in the progression of several diseases, including cancer, and are recognized for their oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions depending on the cellular context....
Background:
The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical recurrence among Black and White American men with grade group 2-5 prostate cancer managed primarily by radical prostatectomy (RP).
Methods:
This was a single-institution, retrospective study evaluating biochemical recurrence by self-identified race. 163 patients who underwent RP...
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for advanced-stage prostate cancer; however, this treatment eventually fails, leading to an incurable disease subtype known as metastatic castration-resistant...
Background:
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment modality for locally advanced, high-risk, and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Long-term ADT treatment likely develops side-effects that include changes in cognition or onset of dementia. However, the molecular understanding of this effect remains elusive. We attem...
Enzalutamide (XTANDI®), an antiandrogen, is used for the treatment of advance-stage prostatecancer. Approximately, 60% of patients receiving enzalutamide show initial remission followedby disease relapse with the emergence of highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer.Solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a critical role in cancer drug...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a commonly used clinical treatment for non-metastatic and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Long-term ADT treatment results in adverse side-effects in patients including depression, frailty, cognitive impairment and dementia. Studies have reported increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and i...
Treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer remains a challenge due to its aggressive behavior; poor clinical outcome and disposition to therapeutic resistance. The diverse clinical and molecular characteristics drives high level of heterogeneity in breast cancer. Overall change in the epigenome triggers oncogenic activity of enhancer of zeste homo...
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected approximately 26 million people and caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Spike (S)-protein on the outer surface of the virus uses human trans-membrane serine protease-2 (TMPRSS2) to gain entry into the cell. Recent r...
The majority of bladder cancers present with non-muscle invasive disease (NIMBC) confined to the superficial layers of the bladder wall, however, 50-70% of patients will subsequently progress to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that will require more aggressive treatment. For patient stratification, the current prognostication relies on tumor...
Abiraterone acetate has been clinically approved for treatment of patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer. It reduces testosterone production by blocking the enzyme cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase. Despite exhibiting improved survival outcomes, almost all patients with advance-stage disease relapse, progressing to a more aggressive and le...
Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease with variable prognosis and therapeutic response. Approximately, 70% of diagnosed breast cancer represents the luminal A subtype. This subpopulation has a fair prognosis with a lower rate of relapse than the other clinical subtypes. Acquisition of stemness in luminal A subtype modifies the phenotype plasticity...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care treatment for advance stage prostate cancer. Treatment with ADT develops resistance in multiple ways leading to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Present research establishes that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care treatment for advance stage prostate cancer. Treatment with ADT develops resistance in multiple ways leading to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Present research establishes that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of...
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected approximately 26 million people and caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Spike (S)-protein on the outer surface of the virus uses human trans-membrane serine protease-2 (TMPRSS2) to gain entry into the cell. Recent r...
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of atypical cell populations that share stem cell‐like characteristics associated with therapeutic resistance, disease relapse, and poor clinical outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNA), and small noncoding RNA, are pivotal in the regulation of self‐renewal, stemness, and cellular differentiation. Withaferin A...
Drug-resistance-associated mutation in essential proteins of the viral life cycle is a major
concern in anti-retroviral therapy. M46I, a non-active site mutation in HIV-1 protease has been clinically associated with saquinavir resistance in HIV patients. A 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-PBSA calculations were performed to study th...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, metastatic/invasive sub-class of breast cancer (BCa). Cell surface protein-derived multi-epitope vaccine-mediated targeting of TNBC cells could be a better strategy against the disease. Literature-based identified potential cell surface markers for TNBC cells were subjected to expression patter...
Enzalutamide (XTANDI®), an antiandrogen, is used for the treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer. Approximately, 60% of patients receiving enzalutamide show initial remission followed by disease relapse with the emergence of highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Solute carrier (SLC) proteins play a critical role in the develop...
Existing tools for post-radical prostatectomy (RP) prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (BCR) prognosis rely on human pathologist-derived parameters such as tumor grade, with the resulting inter-reviewer variability. Genomic companion diagnostic tests such as Decipher tend to be tissue destructive, expensive, and not routinely available in most c...
Bladder cancer prognosis remains dismal due to lack of appropriate biomarkers that can predict its progression. The study aims to identify novel prognostic biomarkers associated with the progression of bladder cancer by utilizing three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1516 DEGs were...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and associated coronavirus disease 2019 is a newly identified human coronavirus has imposed a serious threat to global health. The rapid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its ability to spread in humans have prompted the development of new approaches for its treatment...
Background:
Intraprostatic inflammation is frequently observed in the prostate and linked to prostatic diseases, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and cancer. The etiology of prostate diseases is unclear. Periodontal diseases are associated with an increased risk of prostate diseases. In men, chronic prostatitis and moderat...
Loss of tumor suppressors leads to acquisition of metastatic capability during prostate cancer progression leading to higher mortality. Maspin (SERPINB5) is a unique member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family shown to regulate cell motility, migration and invasiveness. Loss of maspin is frequently identified in clinical prostate cancer...
Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is dominant survival pathway for prostate cancer cells, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) through medical or surgical castration is the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer patients. Enzalutamide (Xtandi®),...
M2 macrophages are associated with deposition of interstitial collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins during the course wound healing and also inflammatory response to biomaterials. Developing advanced biomaterials to promote the M2 subtype may be an effective way to improve tissue reinforcement surgery outcomes. In this study, the effect...
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are remarkably higher in African-American (AA) men as compared to the Caucasian-American (CA) counterparts. Despite these recognitions, precise causes underlying such prevalent racial disparities remain poorly understood. Understandably, socioeconomic factors accounts for such differences, whoever the m...
Coronaviruses are deadly and contagious pathogens that affects people in different ways. Researchers have increased their efforts in the development of antiviral agents against coronavirus targeting Mpro protein (main protease) as an effective drug target. The present study explores the inhibitory potential of characteristic and non-characteristic...
The zinc finger and BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack and bric a brac) domain containing protein 7A (ZBTB7A) is a pleiotropic transcription factor that plays an important role in various stages of cell proliferation, differentiation, and other developmental processes. ZBTB7A is a member of the POK family that directly and specifically binds to short DN...
Background:
The presence of invasive cribriform adenocarcinoma (ICC), an expanse of cells containing punched-out lumina uninterrupted by stroma, in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens has been associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, ICC identification has only moderate inter-reviewer agreement.
Objective:
To investigate quantitat...
Coronaviruses are known to infect respiratory tract and intestine. These viruses possess highly conserved viral macro domain A1pp having adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose binding and phosphatase activity sites. A1pp inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation in the host and promotes viral infection and pathogenesis. We performed in silico s...
Background and purpose
We previously demonstrated the safety of doses up to 48 Gy in 4 fractions with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in poor surgical candidates with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In an additional expansion cohort, we aimed to assess the safety of further dose escalation to 48–60 Gy in 3 fractions.
Material and metho...
The human genome transcribe an array of RNAs that do not encode proteins and may act as mediators in the regulation of gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs consisting of more than 200 nucleotides of RNA transcripts that play important role in tumor development. Numerous lncRNAs have been characterized as fu...
This book highlights the concordance between signaling pathways that are involved in obesity and cancer cross-talks. It describes the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, insulin, and adipokines in the development of obesity-associated cancers.
The book reviews the role of inflammatory signaling pathways such as estrogen-mediated signalin...
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. The disease is heterogeneous in nature exhibiting various clinical subtypes and genetic/transcriptomic features. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides that does not encode any protein and play...
BACKGROUND
Haemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal conditions encountered in
clinical practice and are recognised as a common cause of rectal bleeding, perianal
itching and anal discomfort. Therapeutic treatment of haemorrhoids needs to be
tailored according to grades and complication of haemorrhoids, patient preference
and expertise of p...
Enzalutamide, an antiandrogen, is approved for therapy of castration resistant prostate cancer. Clinical applications have shown that approximately 30% of patients acquire resistance after a short period of treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance is not completely understood. To identify transcriptomic signatures ass...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is standard-of-care for advanced-stage prostate cancer, and enzalutamide (Xtandi®, Astellas, Northbrook, IL, USA), a second generation antiandrogen, is prescribed in this clinical setting. The response to this medication is usually temporary with the rapid emergence of drug resistance. A better understanding of ge...
Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor (AR) signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer. The use of second-generation antiandrogens, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, has improved the survival of prostate cancer patients; however, a majority of these patients progres...
Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are both important minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of renal stones. With the progress of technology, the application of procedures has been extended. Current surgery choices are made base on stone size, burden and its locations that might limit the predicta...
Androgen deprivation therapy is standard care for advanced-stage prostate cancer. Enzalutamide (Xtandi®), a second-generation antiandrogen is the most clinically prescribed drug that has prolonged survival in men. However, this response is temporary and results in the rapid emergence of resistance. The underlying mechanisms of enzalutamide resistan...
p>Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) continues to be the mainstay therapy for advance-stage prostate cancer. Although malignant cells respond to ADT initially, subsequently colonize and re-emerge as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Enzalutamide (ENZU), a second-generation AR antagonist exhibits survival advantage in CRPC patients, howev...
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) emerges after androgen withdrawal therapy and remains incurable due to the lack of effective treatment protocols. Treatment with enzalutamide, a second generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, offers an initial response followed by drug resistance and tumor relapse. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)...
Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health issue throughout the world affecting millions of children despite the availability of vaccines, prophylactic measures and improved sanitation. The objective of the study was to analyze the etiology, clinical features, laboratory parameters and sonological findings of Acute Viral Hepatitis in pedi...
Activation of Notch signaling is associated with tumor aggressiveness, poor clinical outcome and drug resistance in breast cancer patients. Targeting Notch signaling with small molecule inhibitors may be a better strategy for anticancer drug development. We identified 3-O-(E)-p-Coumaroylbetulinic acid (CB) as a lead compound and potent inhibitor of...
Coronaviruses are contagious pathogens primarily responsible for respiratory and intestinal infections. Research efforts to develop antiviral agents against coronavirus demonstrated the main protease (Mpro) protein may represent effective drug target. X-ray crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV2 Mpro protein demonstrated the significance of Gl...
Maspin repression is frequently observed in prostate cancer; however, the molecular mechanism(s) causing the loss is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediates re‐expression of maspin which plays an essential role in suppressing proliferation and migration capability in prostate...
ZBTB7A is a member of the POK family of transcription factors that possesses a POZ-domain at the N-terminus and Krüppel-like zinc-finger at the c-terminus. ZBTB7A was initially isolated as a protein that binds to the inducer of the short transcript of HIV-1 virus TAT gene promoter. The protein forms a homodimer through protein-protein interaction v...
Purpose:
Between 30%-40% of patients with prostate cancer experience disease recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Existing clinical models for recurrence risk prediction do not account for population-based variation in the tumor phenotype, despite recent evidence suggesting the presence of a unique, more aggressive prostate cancer phenotype...
The oxidant/antioxidant balance has been implicated in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. We investigated oxidative damage and antioxidant status in high-risk prostate cancer subjects. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in erythrocytes, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in leukocytes and plasma levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione...
Development of resistance to anti-androgen therapy limits the usefulness of second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists including enzalutamide and abiraterone in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Recent genomic studies reveal that AR-regulated genes contribute to CRPC emergence. Several reasons for the development of re...
Dysregulation of miRNAs has been demonstrated in several human malignancies including prostate cancer. Due to tissue limitation and variable disease progression, stage-specific miRNAs changes in prostate cancer is unknown. Using chip-based microarray, we investigated global miRNA expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP, PC3, DU145 and 22Rv1 cells...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs primarily in the mitochondria as a byproduct of cellular metabolism. ROS are also produced by NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases in response to growth factors and cytokines by normal physiological signaling pathways. NADPH oxidase, a member of NOX family, utilizes molecular o...
Tumor metastasis is a sequential event accounting for numerous cancer-related fatalities worldwide. The process of metastasis serially involves invasion, intravasation, extravasation and tumor growth at the secondary site. Migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) is a membrane associated protein overexpressed in various human cancers. Biological a...
Metastasis is responsible for more than 90% of prostate cancer-associated mortality in the United States. One of the distinctive reason for metastasis has been the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a result of reduced expression of RECK (reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) a novel tumor suppressor. RECK has be...
Prostate cancer remains a major public health problem and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. Despite widespread screening efforts and advancement in therapeutic regimens, incidence of prostate cancer remains steady in the past two decades. Although serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been used as a scre...
p>Metastasis is responsible for more than 90% of prostate cancer-associated mortality in the United States. One of the distinctive reason for metastasis has been the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a result of reduced expression of RECK (reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) a novel tumor suppressor. RECK has...
Prostate cancer remains a major public health problem and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. Despite widespread screening efforts and advancement in therapeutic regimens, incidence of prostate cancer remains steady in the past two decades. Although serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been used as a scre...
Purpose To investigate the role of chronic inflammation in prostatic carcinogenesis with an emphasis on cancers of grade group 2 or above.
Methods The presence/absence and extent of chronic inflammation and other relevant pathological findings were assessed using prostate needle biopsies obtained from patients with clinical parameters with suspic...
Drug resistance is a complex phenomenon that frequently develops as a failure to chemotherapy during cancer treatment. Malignant cells increasingly generate resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs through distinct mechanisms and pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance remains an important area of research f...