Sang Hoon Kang

Pusan National University | PNU · Department of Business Administration

Purpose This study aims to examine the tail connectedness between the Chinese and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) stock markets. More specifically, the authors measure the return spillovers at three quantile levels: median (t = 0.5), lower extreme (t = 0.05) and upper extreme (t = 0.95). The connectedness at extreme upper and lower q...

This study examines the time-varying frequency spillovers and connectedness between U.S. sector stock markets and both crude oil and gold and their implications on portfolio management. Using the methodology of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (2018), the results show that oil, gold, financials, utilities, communications services,...

This paper examines quantile return spillovers and the connectedness between crude oil futures and key precious metals (PMs) using the approach developed by Ando et al. (2022). Our findings show that using the cross-quantilogram directional spillover method results in significant spillovers from oil to PMs under an extreme downside oil market scena...

This paper examines frequency dynamic spillovers in return and volatility and the hedging ability of Green Bonds, gold, silver, oil, the US dollar index, and volatility index against downside US stock prices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and for the short and long run. To do so, we use the Diebold and Yilmaz (2014), the TVP-VAR m...

In this study, we examine the static and dynamic connectedness between the conventional Chinese stock market and commodity futures (aluminum, gold, copper, steel rebar, natural rubber, and zinc). Our results show that both steel rebar and gold receive whereas zinc and copper transmit changes across all quantiles. However, spillover behavior of alum...

Purpose This study examines the extreme quantile connectedness and spillovers between West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures and ten Vietnamese stock market sectors. Knowledge of such links is important to both investors and policymakers in understanding the transmission of shocks across markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors em...

The study examines the implications of structural oil price shocks on one of the most widely observed and pervasive momentum anomalies. We use a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model to find the time-varying responses of momentum payoffs of India, Japan, the UK, and the US to different structural oil shocks—oil supply global aggregate deman...

This paper examines the asymmetric spillovers and connectedness between the spot prices of West Texas Intermediate crude oil and six popular currencies—the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Australian Dollar, Swiss Franc, and Canadian Dollar. We analyze the asymmetric realized volatility spillovers spot prices as well as the higher moments such as...

This paper examines the time-frequency spillovers and connectedness between the major precious metals futures markets (gold, palladium, platinum, and silver), the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil futures, the US stock market, the US 10-year Treasury Bond (T-Bond) market, and the US dollar index. Applying Barunik and Krehlik’s (2018) novel framewor...

Using the asymmetric Baba-Engle-Kraft-Kroner (BEKK)-GARCH model and the frequency spillover methodology by Baruník and Křehlík (2018), this paper examines spillovers and portfolio management between crude oil and US Islamic sector stocks. The results show significant time-varying spillovers between oil and Islamic sectors. The short-term spillovers...

This study examines the quantile connectedness between eight green bonds and the S&P 500 index using the methodology of Ando et al. (2022). We show that green bonds and the S&P 500 index exhibit stronger connectedness during crises (GFC, COVID-19, etc.). Furthermore, green bonds are relatively less volatile during extraordinary events. The distribu...

We examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the pricing efficiency and asymmetric multifractality of major asset classes (S&P500, US Treasury bond, US dollar index, Bitcoin, Brent oil, and gold) within a dynamic framework. Applying permutation entropy on intraday data that covers between April 30, 2019 and May 13, 2020, we show that effici...

Using the five-minute interval price data of two cryptocurrencies and eight stock market indices, we examine the risk spillover and hedging effectiveness between these two assets. Our approach provides a comparative assessment encompassing the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 sample periods. We employ copula models to assess the dependence and risk spillo...

In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear dependence dynamics among eight cryptocurrencies (Monero, Bitcoin, Dash, Litecoin, Stellar, XRP, Ethereum, and Nem) by applying time-varying copulas. We also examine the upside and downside spillovers between cryptocurrencies and equity markets by a conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) approach. We show that...

This study investigates the multifractality behavior, time-varying efficiency, and long memory in leading precious and industrial metals futures markets. We use Hurst exponent and an asymmetric multifractal detrended fluctuations analysis (A-MF-DFA). We show significant asymmetric multifractality. Moreover, gold has the lowest asymmetric multifract...

This study examines the volatility spillovers between the US stock market (S&P500 index) and both oil and gold before and during the global health crisis (GHC). We apply the FIAPARCH-DCC model to the 15-minute intraday data. The results showed negative (positive) conditional correlations between the S&P500 and gold (oil). The time-varying condition...

We examine the quantile return spillovers between oil and international REIT markets (Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, UK, and US). Using a quantile connectedness approach, we show that the extreme oil–REIT nexus is heterogeneous and asymmetric. The return spillover is strong...

This study investigates relationships between US equity sector returns and energy commodity— crude oil, natural gas, gasoline, and gas oil—prices over short-run and long-run investment horizons. We decompose 22 years of daily raw return series on sampled US sectors and energy commodities into short-run and long-run components using variational mode...

Purpose: This paper examines asymmetric multifractality (A-MF) in the leading Middle East and North Africa (MENA) stock markets under different turbulent periods (global financial crisis [GFC] and European sovereign debt crisis [ESDC], oil price crash and COVID-19 pandemic). Design/methodology/approach: This study applies the asymmetric multifract...

There is a growing literature studying return spillovers between similar assets and assets of different classes during crisis periods. However, less is known about return spillovers across stock sectors under high and low volatility regimes and whether they are affected by oil price volatility. Using daily data from May 10th, 2007 to February 28th,...

We investigate the network structure of interdependence between bank returns from emerging and developed Asia Pacific and the Asia Pacific Financials index. We also examine the resource allocation and risk characteristics of bank equity portfolios from developed and emerging Asia Pacific countries. Our results are obtained through the application o...

This study examines the multiscale spillovers and nonlinear causalities between the crude oil futures market and the stock markets of the United States (US), Canada, China, Russia, and Venezuela before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the wavelet coherency method, we find strong co-movement between the oil futures market and these five stock...

This study examines the dynamic asymmetric return spillovers between gold and oil commodity futures and 22 European equity sectors using the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) approach. The results show that gold and oil markets are the net recipients of return transmissions from the system, whereas the majority of equity sectors are the net transmitters of...

This paper examines the dynamic and frequency spillovers between global Green Bonds (GBs), WTI oil and G7 stock markets using the time-frequency spillover index by Baruník and Křehlík (2018) and wavelet coherency approach. The results show that the spilllovers is dynamic and crisis-sensitive. Furthermore, adding GBs and oil futures to stock portfol...

We examine the spillovers and resource allocation characteristics of a portfolio of precious metal commodities and global/regional equity markets using a directional spillover index and portfolio optimization methods. Spillover index results show that the largest spillovers among precious metals occur between gold and silver and between zinc and le...

Recent literature supports the view that returns of most of the international equity markets are significantly integrated. However, diversification based across different regions remains a focus of attention for the investment community. We examine the presence of returns integration among BRICS, Latin American, and emerging and frontier Asian equi...

This study examines the connectedness among 28 commodity futures markets comprising precious metals, industrial metals, energy, agriculture, and livestock. We use the frequency-domain spillover method of Baruník and Křehlík (2018) and wavelet approach to account for investment horizons. The results show evidence of time-varying spillovers, which is...

Gangnam is a prime district in Korea known for its expensive real estate market due to convenient transportation, shopping and business centers, and elite schools and academies in the area. This paper examines spillovers and network connectedness in the Korean regional markets using the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (J Econom 182:119–134, 2...

This paper examines the dependence structure between precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) and industrial metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, and nickel) futures under different market statuses and time investment horizons. Using the quantile cross-spectral approach, we show evidence of a significant symmetric positive depe...

This paper examines the volatility spillover effects between precious metals futures (gold, palladium, platinum, and silver), Brent oil futures, and ASEAN stock markets (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) at multiple time horizons and during bear and bull market periods. The results show that precious metals, crude...

This paper examines the frequency dynamics of volatility spillovers between Brent crude oil and stock markets in the US (S&P500 index), Europe (STOXX600 index), Asia (Dow Jones Asia index) and five vulnerable European Union (EU) countries known as the GIPSI (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy). We use the methodologies developed by Diebold...

This study investigates the time-varying volatility and risk measures of ethical and unethical investments. We apply the Bayesian Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (MS-GARCH) approach to compute the value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) of ethical and unethical indices returns, which allows for det...

Purpose This paper examines dynamic return spillovers and connectedness networks among international stock exchange markets. The authors account for asymmetry by distinguishing between positive and negative returns. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) to measure the volatility spillover i...

This paper examines the time–frequency connectedness between major precious metals markets (gold, palladium, platinum and silver) and their importer and exporter countries’ stock indices (China, Germany, Japan, Korea, UK, Australia, Bulgaria, Mexico, and Russia). We use the time-frequency domain spillover index methodology of Baruník and Křehlík (2...

We examine the co-movement of the G7 stock returns with the numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and causalities based on daily data from December 31, 2019 to November 13, 2020. We employ the wavelet coherence approach to measure the impact of the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths on the G7 stock markets. Our findings reveal that both the number...

This paper investigates the direction and extent of volatility connectedness between fluctuating oil prices and the stock returns of international transportation or logistics companies. The dynamic equicorrelation, and the spillover index are employed to identify the correlation and volatility transmission between oil prices and the stock returns o...

This paper examines the frequency of spillovers between crude oil futures and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) stock markets. We use the methodologies proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (2018) and the wavelet coherency approach. The results show time-varying volatility spillovers in the considered markets. The shor...

This study examines the short-, intermediate-, and long-term volatility spillovers between developed (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, UK, and US) and emerging BRICS (Brazil, Russia, China, India, and South Africa) stock markets and strategic commodity futures markets (oil and gold). Using Baruník and Křehlík's (2018) methodology, we find...

This study investigates dynamic frequency connectedness for volatility differences among eight popular cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dash, Monero, Ripple, Nem and Stellar). It employs the methodologies of Diebold and Yilmaz (2014; 2016) and Baruník and Křehlík (2018). Furthermore, an analysis of diversification benefits and downsid...

This paper examines the frequency of spillovers between crude oil futures and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) stock markets. We use the methodologies proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (2018) and the wavelet coherency approach. The results show time-varying volatility spillovers in the considered markets. The shor...

This study examines frequency volatility spillovers, connectedness and the nonlinear dependence between the European emission allowance (EUA) prices and renewable energy indices. For this purpose, we use a time-scale spillover index and different copula functions. The results show a dominance of short-term volatility spillovers between carbon price...

We investigate the nonlinear spillover and portfolio allocation characteristics of the US and Canadian energy equity portfolios. Our empirical study based on directional spillover index and non-convex portfolio optimization show that the spillover effects in the aggregate are smaller for the US portfolio across time. However, when only the largest...

This paper examines the asymmetric return spillovers between crude oil futures, gold futures and ten sector stock markets of China. The results show using the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014) time-varying asymmetry spillovers among commodity and the ten sectors. Industrials and consumer discretionary sectors are the largest contri...

This paper examines the volatility transmission between crude oil and four precious metals (i.e., gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) and investigates whether oil can be considered as a hedge or safe-haven asset against four precious metals. Our empirical analysis reveals several important findings. First, we determine that the volatility transm...

This paper investigates the upward and downward multifractality and time-varying efficiency of green bonds (GBs) using the asymmetric MF-DFA method and Hurst exponents. The results reveal significant asymmetrical multifractality for all GB markets, which increased as the scale increased. Moreover, GB markets are inefficient and vary across market t...

We examine the volatility spillovers and hedging characteristics between four major precious metals futures (gold, palladium, platinum, and silver) and seven major currencies (Australian dollar, British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, Euro, Japanese yen, and Swiss franc) at three time horizons (short term, intermediate term, and long term). W...

We investigate the portfolio allocation and risk contribution characteristics of agricultural commodities, and the volatility spillovers between agricultural commodities and global and regional equity markets. We draw our results by applying a directional spillover index and a nonlinear portfolio optimization method. We find that the largest transm...

This study used hourly data to examine the dynamic conditional correlations and hedging strategies in the main cryptocurrency markets: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Litecoin (LTC), and Ripple (XRP). Multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity family models provided evidence of significant positive dynamic conditional cor...

This study examines time–frequency relationship between Bitcoin prices and Bitcoin mining based on daily data from January 2013 to October 2018. Bitcoin mining is measured through Bitcoin hashrate, which represents the completion speed of the Bitcoin code. We also include three energy commodities, i.e. oil, coal, and gas in a multivariate model emp...

It is crucial for investors to manage their investment risk. This paper examines the dynamic equicorrelation relationship between Bitcoin and four major investment assets, namely, US stock (S&P 500), US dollar, Treasury bonds and gold futures. Our empirical analysis reveals an asymmetric causality between Bitcoin and other asset classes. The result...

This paper examines the impacts of COVID-19 on the multifractality of gold and oil prices based on upward and downward trends. We apply the Asymmetric Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (A-MF-DFA) approach to 15-min interval intraday data. The results show strong evidence of asymmetric multifractality that increases as the fractality scale...

We examine the spillovers, portfolio allocation, and diversification potential of bank equity portfolios from developed and emerging countries in Europe (henceforth, developed and emerging Europe) using a directional spillover index and nonlinear portfolio optimisation methods. Empirical results indicate that in developed Europe the largest spillov...

We examine the spillover dynamics between the U.S. and BRICS stock markets using the multivariate DECO-GJR-GARCH model and spillover index method. We identify time variations in volatility equicorrelation and significant dynamic spillovers between these stock markets, as well as an increased impact of uncertainty on spillovers. Spillovers between m...

This study (i) compares the performance of 22 Islamic and conventional Dow Jones stock market indices during the recent pre-crisis and post-crisis periods, namely, the global financial crisis (GFC) and the European sovereign debt crisis (ESDC); (ii) analyzes the time-frequency co-movements between conventional and Islamic stock sectors; and (iii) e...

We examine the network spillovers, portfolio allocation characteristics and diversification potential of bank returns from developed and emerging America. We draw our results by applying a directional spillover index, the tail-event driven network (TENET) and nonlinear portfolio optimization methods on bank returns. We find that the spillovers and...

The emergence of new asset classes offers avenues to international investment community however understanding relationship between any two assets in a single portfolio is important. We investigate the risk dependence between daily Bitcoin and major Islamic equity markets spanning over from July 2010 to March 2018. We start by examining long memory...

In this research, we study the multifractality, long-memory process, and efficiency hypothesis of six major cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, Dash, Litecoin, and Ripple) using the time-rolling MF-DFA approach. For an in-depth analysis, this study uses the quantile regression approach to examine the determinants of efficient markets. The...

Although fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices appear to be a source of risk to the US restaurant sector, the effect that volatility of food price has on the performance (returns) of that sector receives little or no attention in the relevant literature. We fill this gap by modeling the price and returns of corn and wheat and the volatiliti...

This study examines the characteristics of the risk spillover under extreme market scenarios between the US stock market and precious metals (gold, silver, platinum) and oil using a copula approach for tail dependence and conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) spillover measures. The results indicate asymmetric tail dependence of the US stock market wit...

This study investigates whether the US and Brazilian ethanol markets are globalized or regionalized (i.e., whether they are interdependent or independent) using weekly frequency data from July 2006 to December 2017. The empirical results indicate that the US ethanol market is unlinked to the Brazilian one in the short-run, however in the long-run t...

We investigate the pairwise causality of inflation rates across time and frequencies, inflation cycle synchronization and network structure of causality between five ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. We draw our empirical results and conclusions by implementing dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs), a...

This paper examines the return links and volatility transmission between Chinese stock and commodity futures markets and draws implications for portfolio risk management. To these ends, we consider three vector autoregression‐multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity‐class models with which to model volatilities and con...

This study examines portfolio management and risk spillovers between four major precious metals (gold, silver, palladium and platinum) and 20 important U.S. exchange markets. To this end, we employ the multivariate DECO-GARCH model and the spillover index developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2014, 2016) to examine the spillovers between those metal pri...

We investigate the impact of geopolitical risk, global and US economic policy uncertainty on the structure of Bitcoin correlation with various financial and commodities asset classes. We further investigate the impact of the aforementioned factors on the volatility and risk premium of Bitcoin investment. We find that both geopolitical risk and glob...

This paper investigates co-influences between inflation cycles of the economies of four Eurozone countries (France, Germany, Spain, and Italy), the United Kingdom (U.K.), and four non-Eurozone countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland) by fitting a wavelet-based measure of synchronisation and a directional spillover index. We find evidenc...

We investigate dynamic spillovers between ASEAN-5 and world stock markets using a dynamic equicorrelation (DECO) model and the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012), which identifies net directional spillovers for each one of the markets. The DECO model uses more information to calculate dynamic correlations between each pair of returns than...

We examine the frequency domain connectedness among international crude oil and agriculture commodities, covering the period of 1990M1-2017M5. The frequency domain connectedness is examined at three frequencies, which roughly correspond to one to six months, six to twelve months, and a period of more than twelve months. We also use a network based...

This study examines the time-varying correlations between six cryptocurrency and S&P 500 index markets using a copula-ADCC-EGARCH model. The increasing influence and usage of cryptocurrencies has led the notion in which it is regarded as risky assets. In order to maximize returns on investment, there must be hedging options to protect investors aga...

This paper replicates estimates according to Sapkota and Bastola (2017) and provides additional insights for the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), income and environmental pollution in Latin America. To this end, we address the heterogeneity in terms of economic development and environmental pollution, heterogeneity that charact...

This study examines the asymmetric volatility connectedness between Bitcoin and major precious metals markets (gold, silver, palladium, and platinum). We use high-frequency data with methodologies introduced by Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) and Baruník, Kočcenda, and Vácha (2017). The results show evidence of significant volatility spillover effects be...

This study examines the dynamics of return and volatility spillover across Chinese stock and four commodity futures, namely, CSI 300 index, aluminium, copper, fuel oil, and natural rubber, by employing both the multivariate DECO-GARCH model and the spillover index model. In particular, we investigate the dynamics of return and volatility spillover...

We analyze dynamic return and risk spillovers between commodity futures (energy & precious metals) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets. Utilizing dynamic equicorrelation (DECO) models and the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz, we show the existence of significant return and risk spillovers between the commodities and the GCC st...

In this paper, we use dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs)and wavelet coherence to examine the hedging and diversification properties of gold futures vis-à-vis Bitcoin prices. Our research aims to reveal whether the bubble patterns of behavior in gold futures prices can be used to hedge against the bubble behavior in the Bitcoin market in the sh...

We apply a three-variable VAR model with probabilistic variability using a time-varying parametric approach to determine the dynamic interactions among GDP growth, energy use by renewable energy sources (RES, wind, solar, or hydro) and non-renewable energy sources (NRES, hydroelectric or coal) and CO2 emission. Further, we characterize and quantify...

This study investigates the extent of time-varying volatility and correlations between crude oil, natural gas, and stock prices in India using various multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) models with and without asymmetry. Our empirical results reveal that there is no long-run coin-tegration between crude...

This study examines the diversification and hedging properties of Bitcoin (BTC) and gold assets for oil and S&P GSCI investors. We model and forecast the volatility performance of the pairs BTC–oil, gold–oil, BTC–S&P GSCI, and gold–GSCI using five bivariate DCC-GARCH family models, two popular forecasting measures (MSE and MAE), the Diebold and Mar...

This paper analyzes the dynamic volatility spillovers and network connectedness between stock index and commodity futures markets using the multivariate DECO-FIGARCH model and the spillover index method of Diebold and Yilmaz (2014). We estimate a positive equicorrelation between the index and commodity futures and find the highest level of spillove...

This paper uses wavelet coherence and cross wavelet transform approaches to examine co-movement between Bitcoin and five major cryptocurrencies (Dash, Ethereum, Litecoin, Monero and Ripple) and their portfolio risk implications. The results show evidence of co-movements in time frequency space with leading relationships of Bitcoin with Dash, Monero...

This paper examines the dynamic risk spillovers and hedging effectiveness between two important commodity markets (oil and gold) and both the Islamic and conventional bank stock indices for five GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE), using the DECO-FIGARCH model and the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014). The...

The cost-effectiveness measures for production, processing, and transportation adopted by wheat, rice, and corn farmers, as well as the price fluctuations of gold and silver, doubtlessly depend on the downside and upside price trends of global economic factors such as the oil market. This dependence between oil and agricultural commodities motivate...

This study empirically investigates the statistical characteristics and predictability of Bitcoin return and volatility. The distribution of Bitcoin returns and volatility display a fat right tail and high central parts. Bitcoin does not show the dynamic property of volatility persistence, contrary to stylized facts in financial time series. Also,...

We extend the prior literature on market connectedness and spillover by quantifying the size of return connectedness across markets (assets). Applying the network spillover methodology, we perform both static and dynamic analyses to quantify the net spillover shock transmission from one market to another market (stock, bond, currency, and commoditi...

We present an empirical study of renewable energy stock returns and their relation to four major investment asset classes—stocks, currency, US Treasury bonds, and oil—and several sources of uncertainty. Applying nonlinear causality and connectedness network analysis on data covering the period 2004–2016, we investigate the directionality and connec...

This study investigates the dynamic connectedness across nine economic policy uncertainty indexes. Our results indicate that the total spillover index is on average 67.4%, indicating a high level of interconnectedness across the nine indexes. In particular, the EU is the largest transmitter of uncertainty connectedness. In addition, China becomes a...

This study contributes to the literature on metal commodity market co-movement by studying its dynamics in the time-frequency domain. The novelty of our approach lies in the application of wavelet coherence analysis to nonferrous metal futures markets in Shanghai and London. We show that London's nonferrous futures market generally leads Shanghai's...

This paper investigates the volatility spillover and connectedness among global and regional stock markets and those of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy (GIPSI). For this investigation, we perform a static and rolling-window analysis to measure volatility spillovers using the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014) methodology. We also examine t...