Sandro Parrinello

• Professor
• University of Florence

The paper presents the results of the research project 3D Sebenico, co-funded by the Veneto Region as part of the programme for the recovery, conservation, and enhancement of the cultural heritage of the Republic of Venice in Istria, Dalmatia, and the Mediterranean area. Aimed at the study, preservation, and promotion of Venetian fortification heri...

This research explores the use of fast-survey technologies and digital tools to document and preserve traditional earthen architecture, focusing on the Ksar of Tamnougalt in Morocco’s Drâa Valley as a case study. Situated along the historic Trans-Saharan trade route, this village holds significant historical and cultural significance despite its pa...

The paper explores two fortified systems, as case studies, to evaluate different modelling approaches, the parameterisation of architectural components, and semantic interpretation, to define a repeatable methodology for classifying, accessing, and sharing architectural information. The use of informational structures to categorise data and relatio...

The paper explores the potential of Scan-to-BIM procedures, carried out using fast-survey methodologies, for the construction of a representative digital model of historic architecture. Through its experimentation on a case study, the Castle of Almonecir in the Valencian Community, the research aims to produce an integrated and parametric informati...

La ricerca definisce strategie di rilevamento e di Disegno di alcune isole nella Laguna di Venezia per la realizzazione di un archivio digitale che ne preservi la memoria. Disegni e modelli tridimensionali costituiscono la base per lo sviluppo di un sistema informativo che possa narrare lo stato dei luoghi e delle isole, testimoniando l'evoluzione...

The issue of loss of heritage, whether caused by natural disasters or by human impact, has always involved challenges to the human possibilities and capabilities of safeguarding the memory and cultural identity that landscapes, cities, and architectures represent for our history. The chapter shows some output of an international research project, c...

The documentation and enhancement of Cultural Heritage require understanding and conveying the meaning of historical signs in a specific context. Today, this process leverages the most advanced digital representation systems, focusing on computer vision and information and communication technology. These systems open new horizons for the narrative...

La contribución pretende abordar la transposición digital, posibilitada por el dibujo, de la complejidad decorativa de bajorrelieves y aparatos escultóricos monumentales, a través del estudio de caso del Púlpito de Donatello en Prato. El Púlpito, cuyo parapeto original se encuentra actualmente en el Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, representa un importa...

La contribución pretende abordar la transposición digital, posibilitada por el dibujo, de la complejidad decorativa de bajorrelieves y aparatos escultóricos monumentales, a través del estudio de caso del Púlpito de Donatello en Prato. El Púlpito, cuyo parapeto original se encuentra actualmente en el Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, representa un importa...

The authors of this article explore the integration of remote sensing techniques, specifically laser scanning and photogrammetry, as well as immersive visualisation via different methods applied to architectural design processes, and its potential impact on the professional development of future architects. The study demonstrates the value of exten...

This paper focuses on the Venetian fort of Sant’Andrea, also known as Castel Nuovo, located at the entrance of Venice’s lagoon, in front of the inlet of San Nicolò del Lido. Redesigned in 1543 by the architect Michele Sanmicheli with the assistance of a series of military experts appointed by the Republic, at the time it represented the most releva...

This research explores the traditional architectures along the cultural route of James I of Aragon in the province of Valencia, with a particular focus on the implementation of Laser Scanning and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies for heritage management. The study centers on a prominent case study, the Almonecir Castle located in the...

This paper focuses on a research project for the acquisition and post-production of digital data to create informative virtual representations and digital twins of different European Cultural Heritage sites. The goal was to establish a reliable database for a multi-scalar web platform, also accessible through extended reality (XR) tools. This initi...

The presented research deals with the issue of data management in the field of rescue archaeology by using information systems. The project aims to develop an information system for documenting rescue archaeological campaigns. Experimental methods are used for the creation of reliable 3D models linked to cataloging sheets. The case study is the res...

This paper analyses data archiving procedures carried out during emergency archaeological excavations. It proposes a model for developing an information system capable of streamlining both the survey practices and the management of the excavation site. The opportunity to digitally acquire what emerged during an archaeological campaign as well as or...

The present contribution falls within the framework of the actions envisaged by the "SMART Bethlehem – Sustainable Management And Renewal of Technology in the City of Bethlehem" (2022 – ongoing) research project, scientifically coordinated by the University of Pavia and co-founded by the Italian Agency for Cooperation and Development (AICS). Among...

Thinking about architectural education, one must face the challenges of the ever-changing and digital world and bear in mind the figure of the architect of the future - the curator of digital data. Nowadays the aim is to train specialists who know how to manage the production of digital products and are able to face the challenges of digital change...

The variety of tangible Heritage in Europe comprises a wide field of knowledge and intervention purposes, considering history, identity, and policy of sites. The extension of Built Heritage, from single buildings and monuments to wider historical centres and cross-national landscapes, faces a required variety of technical and social expertise neces...

The research concerns a process of documentation and analysis for the development of guidelines useful for the conservation, maintenance and enhancement of a portion of the Magistral Walls of Verona. Within an agreement between the Municipality of Verona and the University of Pavia, numerous documentation campaigns were developed to define an overa...

The research project concerns the construction of an archive of three-dimensional data useful for the development of critical and interpretative considerations on the historical morphological design that characterized the construction of the hermitage of La Verna. The relationship between the built and the naturalistic system onstitutes one of the...

This volume takes his title from the Third International Seminar “Architectures of the Soul”, that took place (virtually) in 2020. The seminar intended to promote the study and discussion around the architecture and the landscape associated to spiritual practices linked to the search of solitude and seclusion from the world, in its various forms, w...

Heritage accessibility has been highlighted as a fundamental condition to convey multi-sphere values (social, artistic, economic, territorial), necessary for assigning the label of cultural heritage. Similarly, it permits to include new frontiers of educational processes for smart communities within digital data and VR systems developed from 3D sur...

This project proposes an automated approach to the census of technological and architectural el-ements from massive photography datasets. This use case is built on photogrammetric close-range acquisitions performed via UAV over the roofs of the centre of Bethlehem, in order to map the water tanks for civilian use that create loads on historical bui...

The volume consists of a collection of contributions from the second edition of the conference “D-SITE, Drones - Systems of Information on culTural hEritage. For a spatial and social investigation". The event, organized by the experimental laboratory of research and didactics DAda-LAB of DICAr - Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of U...

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, technology and interactive communication methods increased in importance. One of the sectors most affected by the lockdown was the tourism industry. It became necessary to apply a new approach to the research and development of this field using the virtual world. This paper presents the implementation of d...

The research, promoted by the DAda-LAB Laboratory of the University of Pavia, aims to structure a methodology and an operational protocol for the documentation of water canals in the Pavia territory. This protocol appears necessary to optimize the various phases that characterize both the documentation activities and thethree-dimensional graphic re...

The Complex of the Scaliger Arks comprises sev- eral Gothic-style funerary monuments built by the Della Scala family, lords of Verona, to keep the memory of the illustrious dynasty. Among the tombs of the open-air funerary complex, lo- cated in the very historic core of the city, the arks of Cangrande I, Mastino II and Cansignorio stand out for the...

Transferring the constructional and technological data of traditional architecture within a three-dimensional model of a historic centre is an opportunity to start reflections on the growth and development of our cultural heritage. Historic centres are living organisms whose qualities are constantly changing. Subjected to the pressures of progress,...

In the context of non-invasive documentation for the prevention of built heritage, digital surveying and the development of 3D models are widely applied. They have highlighted, with increasing reliability, the opportunities for knowledge and mapping on emerging damages related to safety and structural integrity. However, these processes can reach h...

The application of digital survey practices on Built Heritage has to face in different cases with singular typologies of architectural systems that have an out-of-scale proportion (as tower bells, minarets, civil towers), facing also with uncommon phenomena of structural instability and decay, due to their specific geometry. Their study shows intri...

The civil towers in Pavia are a distinctive element of the city’s architectural heritage, dating back to the Medieval Age as a statement of the lordship’s power and wealth. They constitute singularities in the urban landscape, with out-of-scale vertical development, whether in the original morphology or altered by subsequent actions. Furthermore, t...

The urban reality of Middle East cities defines a close coexistence between their resilient historical center and the contemporary areas of expansion. The case study of the city of Bethlehem identifies a complex social reality in which remarkable architectural complexes and building construction features emerge as unique traditional examples of the...

Cultural heritage and the attendant variety of built heritage demands a scientific approach from European committees: one related to the difficulties in its protection and management. This is primarily due to the lack of emergency protocols related to the structural knowledge and documentation pertaining to architecture and its ruins, specifically...

Within technological progress and the use of interactive systems for the enhancement of Cultural Heritage, the archaeological research is witnessing a growing digitization of acquired data during the excavation phase. Considered as a fundamental medium for the reconstruction of the events that characterize an archaeological area, three-dimensional...

In the megalopolis of Shanghai, small historical units, surrounded by skyscrapers and the constant expansion of buildings, remain, and convey the identity of a traditional China. Some of these units have been studied and detected to create means of enhancing the historical landscape. The aim is to collect and catalogue, in a census form, the identi...

The paper summarizes some research experiences conducted by the DAda-LAB laboratory, of the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Pavia, on the theme of the digitization of large monumental complexes and, in particular, on the development of databases and 3D models for Cultural Heritage management. The connection bet...

L’architettura è la più alta espressione culturale dell’uomo, non ne descrive soltanto la capacità di vivere un luogo, ma esplicita ogni espressione culturale definendo l’identità e rappresentato chi vi abita. La perdita dell’architettura storica comporta la perdita di un’identità culturale di un frammento della nostra civiltà. La perdita di tale f...

Studiare e rendere note le tracce della cultura materiale, riscontrabile nelle architetture militari che testimoniano l’identità dello Stato da Mar veneziano nel Mediterraneo orientale, apre la strada a numerosi processi di connessione tra luoghi e paesi. L’intento è di ricucire, attraverso il disegno e la rappresentazione, un legame storico che ha...

The contribution addresses the definition of a methodological protocol for the documentation and digitization of mosaic systems in the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem. To obtain a computable digital model of the mosaic systems, attention is paid to the restitution and discretization of the chromatic variation of tiles. The sequence of actions...

La modellazione tridimensionale, finalizzata alla rappresentazione di contesti urbani, è strettamente legata al tema della comunicazione delle informazioni inerenti alle caratteristiche costruttive, tipologiche e tecnologiche della città storica. In particolare, la definizione di protocolli metodologici per la creazione di modelli 3D è al centro de...

Procedure di analisi e modellazione urbana per la gestione dei centri storici. Betlemme, Solikamsk, Cattaro e Santo Domingo. Il tema della documentazione dei centri storici viene affrontato e declinato mediante una riflessione volta a definire banche dati affidabili e strumenti rappresentativi in contesti territoriali profondamente diversi tra loro...

The volume consists of a collection of contributions from the conference “D-SITE, Drones - Systems of Information on culTural hEritage. For a spatial and social investigation". The event, organized by the experimental laboratory of research and didactics DAda-LAB of DICAr - Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of University of Pavia, an...

Cartagena de Indias, one of the main Spanish commercial ports in the Caribbean Sea, was strategically built on a system of islands and peninsulas that formed a lacustrine system along the coast of Tierra Firme, known today as Colombia. For several centuries, Cartagena fortifications have been at the forefront of Spanish military technologies. This...

In the procedures regarding built heritage documentation, the process of representing the object in a digital environment is characterized by a high level of complexity. In fact, the need to process heterogeneous information, referring to quantity, quality and format is one of the main emerging issues. Recent technologies of digitization of our bui...

La modellazione tridimensionale, finalizzata alla rappresentazione di contesti urbani, è strettamente legata al tema della comunicazione delle informazioni inerenti alle caratteristiche costruttive, tipologiche e tecnologiche della città storica. In particolare, la definizione di protocolli metodologici per la creazione di modelli 3D è al centro de...

Il progetto per l’allestimento espositivo riflette la volontà di instaurare un dialogo tra luogo, esposizione e visitatore. La scelta di allestire la mostra temporanea all’interno degli spazi di Porta Vescovo, nasce dall’idea di sottolineare lo stretto legame storico che lega la cultura veneta a quella montenegrina che diviene manifesto nell’opera...

The text proposes a reflection on drawing and architectural survey as a tool for the study of archaeological sites. The description of the Masada site and the events that have characterized its most recent history till to the definition of the documentary strategies have established a system for the development of a path of knowledge developed in s...

The Upper Kama Region, located north of the city of Perm in the Volga Federal District of Russia, represents a frontier territory between the East and the West and an important crossroad for trade. The numerous religious complexes and industrial settlements scattered throughout the entire territory, buildings of considerable architectural interest,...

Cultural Heritage and its variety of Built Heritage is increasing a scientific cognitive approach from European Committees, related to the difficulties of its protection and management. This is primarily due to the lack of emergency protocols of structural knowledge and documentation on architecture and ruins, for the protection and intervention on...

Originally composed of two courtyards, the buildings of the Central Complex of University of Pavia are divided into a fifth-teen century part, deriving from the ancient San Matteo hospital, and an eighteenth-century part, integrated with the previous one without a solution of continuity. This is the largest building in the historic center of the an...

The presented research illustrates an experimental analysis conducted on the historic center of Bethlehem. Investigating the complexity of the urban fabric with on-site documentation actions, the project is configured as an experience of international cooperation whose scientific responsibility is entrusted to the Experimental Laboratory DAda LAB o...

The present paper illustrates the documentation activities developed since 2013 on Upper Kama territories, preliminary to an extensive and joint research action within the European project “PROMETHEUS” (2019–2021), which aims to produce digitized databases and models for the management of the main religious monuments present on this Russian area, n...

The aim of the research is the creation of three-dimensional models to be inserted into informative databases to establish networks and virtual connections on Native American craftworks. In this paper we compare data acquisition and post-production methodologies for the development of information models on complex elements.

The will to preserve and enhance cultural heritage imposes reflections on databases as containers of information for the accessibility of dispersed heritage. The aim of the research is to validate methodological approaches in order to create 3D models and information systems. These tools improve accessibility to the artifact, according to different...

The paper through an excursus on the technological development of virtual fruition systems, intends to reflect on the methods of communication and dissemination of cultural heritage, taking as a reference part of the results of research recently conducted on some case studies. The museum, configured in its new immaterial form and no longer as an ex...

The research proposes analytical methods to assess the structural instability and damages endured by a building when it is hit by induced earthquakes. The building built on a 1:2 scale duplicates the characteristics of buildings in the old centre of Basel. The virtualisation of the seismic sequence in digital databases, configured as 3D models, mak...

In recent years, DAda Laboratory of University of Pavia has conducted numerous research activities in Holy Land aimed at defining operational strategies for the testing of documenting systems useful for the development of tools for the management and enhancement of historical heritage. The translation of the urban image into complex drawings is acc...

The present paper illustrates a part of the methodological process of image-based acquisition developed for the documentation of the historical city center of Bethlehem, in the Middle East territory. The first mission of research activities, developed inside the international cooperation project “Management and control of urban growth for the devel...

he project here presented is the result of the collaboration established between the Laboratory DAda Lab (Drawing and Architecture DocumentAction Laboratory) of the University of Pavia and the Laboratory SMlab (Survey and Modeling Lab of Architectural Heritage) of the University of Granada, together with the invaluable support received from the Boa...

The research deals with the different image vectorialization techniques for the development of reliable drawings on mosaic systems. Following the restoration of the floor mosaics of the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem, surveys were conducted with digital technologies that produced a 3D database on considerable mosaic surfaces. The problem of...

The complex structure of landscape has motivated recent research into representative systems capable of expressing the complex relationships present within an urban place. Updating the ways of its reading, research has attempted to identify more or less complex urban scenarios, profoundly different from each other both from a formal, cultural and p...

La ricerca indaga il rilievo digitale quale strumento di documentazione di lesioni e dissesti inerenti l’architettura storica, per la diagnostica strutturale mediante risorse metodologiche non invasive di monitoraggio e tutela dei centri storici urbani. La definizione di banche dati 3D e modelli morfologici reality-based consente un aggiornamento d...

The Rock of Gibraltar rises on the West, on the European side, closing the Mediterranean basin, and corresponds to the Phoenician Calpe, one of the two Hercules’ columns that in antiquity bordered the limit of the world. Inhabited since prehistoric times, the small peninsula is characterized by a promontory with cliffs overlooking the sea and it ha...

The paper deals with the documentation of the traditional architecture of Upper Kama in order to develop large-scale renewal plans. The territory represents a border between Eastern and Western Russia and a meeting point for European and Asian culture. The Region preserves several examples of a distinctive provincial architecture, rich in orthodox...

In December 2016 it was presented by the Joint Laboratory LS3D of Dicar - Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, the project “Productivity and Urban Renewal Programme in East Jerusalem (PURE)” promoted by United Nations. The project, developed in a year of activities and research carried out by the laboratory of Pavi...

Italian architectural scene is center of research and intervention campaigns for its preservation, due to its location in a territory of natural hazards which since ancient times have denoted the issue of transmission. Investigations performed a great variety of studies, through multidisciplinary approaches within centuries in analysis and monitori...

Urban morphology and its study for the preservation of the image of city centers represents a topic of increasing scientific interest in the representation of cultural and perceptive values of landscape, especially in a context such as the Italian one where the rich architectural heritage requires a use of innovative monitoring technologies for mor...

La ricerca si concentra sui complessi Certosini in Italia, analizzando nel dettaglio le Certose di Pavia e di Firenze. Il confronto vuole individuare analogie e differenze di sviluppo architettonico e degli apparati decorativi, con metodi di documentazione digitale Range Based affiancati da processi Structure from Motion per modelli 3D dettagliati,...

The complex structure of landscape has motivated recent research into representative systems capable of expressing the complex relationships present within an urban place. Updating the ways of its reading, research has attempted to identify more or less complex urban scenarios, profoundly different from each other both from a formal, cultural and p...

The city of Pavia, longbard capital, is characterized between its historical and artistic values also in the identity of fortified city. The presence of a military wall system originates from the Roman foundation, evolving through the Middle Ages and the Spanish domination with the development of three different circles around the historic center,...

This article presents research activities conducted on several rooms as part of the extension project of the Grandi Uffizi Museum in Florence (Italy). The research addresses survey methods for monitoring the static performance and evaluating the structural plastic deformations of vaulted systems and architectural elements, mostly subjected to struc...

The research proposes analytical methods to assess the structural instability and damages endured by a building when it is hit by induced earthquakes. The building built on a 1:2 scale duplicates the characteristics of buildings in the old centre of Basel. The virtualisation of the seismic sequence in digital databases, configured as 3D models, mak...