Sandro Carniel

Sandro Carniel
Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) | CMRE · Research Dept.

Ph.D.

About

219
Publications
70,829
Reads
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4,868
Citations
Introduction
Head of Research at STO CMRE in La Spezia. As Director of Research at CNR-ISP, my main interests dealt with oceanography and climate, and air-sea interactions. More specifically, I have been dealing with coupled wave-atmosphere-ocean-sediment numerical tools, turbulence measurements, dense shelf water formation processes, coastal management, renewable energies, MSP and ICZM strategies.
Additional affiliations
September 2005 - October 2005
University of Colorado Boulder
Position
  • Visiting Scientist
Description
  • Hydrodynamic modeling- turbulence modeling
January 2010 - present
Italian National Research Council
Position
  • Senior Researcher
November 2001 - December 2009
Italian National Research Council
Position
  • Researcher

Publications

Publications (219)
Article
Full-text available
We propose a new point-prediction model, the DEep Learning WAVe Emulating model (DELWAVE), which successfully emulates the behaviour of a numerical surface ocean wave model (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN) at a sparse set of locations, thus enabling numerically cheap large-ensemble prediction over synoptic to climate timescales. DELWAVE was train...
Article
Full-text available
The Atlantic Niño is an important source of the year‐to‐year variability of the tropical Atlantic, consisting in an irregular oscillation of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The physical mechanism underlying this oscillation is topic of debate. Some theories, known as dynamical, suggest that the Atlantic Niño is d...
Preprint
Full-text available
With its complex and peculiar meteo-oceanographic dynamics and the coexistence of diverse socioeconomic activities and pressures with outstanding cultural heritage and environmental assets, the Adriatic basin (Mediterranean Sea) has traditionally been considered as a natural laboratory for marine science in its broadest meaning. In recent years the...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This paper aims to provide insights into the evolving dynamics of sound propagation in the High North sea region, influenced by climate change. Leveraging the high resolution Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3-GC31-HH), we project monthly sound speed profiles (SSPs) up to the year 2050 southwest of the Svalbard Islands, in an...
Article
The underwater environment poses numerous challenges and risks, making Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) an indispensable alternative to human operators. Numerous Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have been developed as a valuable resource in a broad spectrum of underwater operations. However, the deploym...
Preprint
The Atlantic Niño is an important source of the year-to-year variability of the tropical Atlantic, consisting in an irregular oscillation of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The physical mechanism underlying this oscillation is topic of debate. Some theories, known as dynamical, suggest that the Atlantic Niño is d...
Preprint
Full-text available
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a phenomenon that involves the redistribution of heat in the tropical Pacific Ocean, resulting in irregular oscillations in the sea surface temperature (SST) between warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) phases. While ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific, its impacts are global. In July 2023, the World Mete...
Article
The explosions on September 26th, 2022, which damaged the gas pipelines of Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2, have highlighted the need and urgency of improving the re- silience of Critical Undersea Infrastructures (CUIs). Comprising gas pipelines and power and communication cables, these con- nect countries worldwide and are critical for the global...
Article
Arctic Ocean is undergoing an “Atlantification” of its oceanographic properties. Sea ice retreat and reduction of sea ice age will affect its underwater soundscape, with anthropogenic noise expected to increase due to the exploitation of new maritime routes. The CMRE’s Environmental and Operational Effectiveness Programme conducted a study of the n...
Article
Full-text available
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest source of year-to-year climate variability, whose center of action, although being in the tropical Pacific, influences the global climate, impacting also security aspects. ENSO is commonly described as an irregular oscillation of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, which produces an osci...
Preprint
Full-text available
We propose a new point-prediction DEep Learning WAVe Emulating model (DELWAVE) which successfully emulates the behaviour of a numerical surface ocean wave model (SWAN) at a sparse set of locations, thus enabling numerically cheap large-ensemble prediction over synoptic to climate timescales. DELWAVE training inputs consist of 6-hourly surface COSMO...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Global warming affects the whole Earth's climate, particularly on polar regions, where large ice volumes are continuously melting at unprecedented rate. These phenomena are also monitored by satellite-based Climate Change Monitoring (CCM) methodologies contributing to depicting the global climate evolution. However, although remote sensing satellit...
Article
Full-text available
The bimodal oscillating system (BiOS) consists in an oscillation of the Ionian Sea surface structure with period of 12–13 years, which reflects in a near-surface circulation inversion. BiOS regimes are deeply interconnected with the circulation patterns of the Eastern Mediterranean, and it is a dominant process governing water masses formation, air...
Preprint
Full-text available
The explosions on September 26th, 2022, which damaged the gas pipelines of Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2, have highlighted the need and urgency of improving the resilience of Underwater Critical Infrastructures (UCIs). Comprising gas pipelines and power and communication cables, these connect countries worldwide and are critical for the global ec...
Article
Today, the maritime domain is at the cusp of a new era, driven by technological advances in automation, robotics, multisensor perception, and artificial intelligence (AI), together with digitalization and connectivity. Smart ship infrastructure and technology, remotely controlled and autonomous ship operation to improve safety, security, cost effic...
Conference Paper
Maritime heterogeneous sensor networks (HSN), which are widely used in support of marine monitoring, maritime security and safety applications, combine diversified sensing systems and platforms observing the state of environmental features of interest or the status of anthropogenic objects to achieve awareness on the situation. To model the informa...
Article
Full-text available
To prevent the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), many countries around the world went into lockdown and imposed unprecedented containment measures. These restrictions progressively produced changes to social behavior and global mobility patterns, evidently disrupting social and economic activities. Here, using maritime traffic data co...
Article
In this paper we present how automatic maritime anomaly detection tools can be successfully applied in real-world situations such as the major event of the container vessel Ever Given, which grounded in the Suez Canal on March 23rd 2021. The anomaly detector is designed to process the available sequence of Automatic Identification System (AIS) repo...
Article
Full-text available
On the morning of September 26, 2007, a heavy precipitation event (HPE) affected the Venice lagoon and the neighbouring coastal zone of the Adriatic Sea, with 6-h accumulated rainfall summing up to about 360 mm in the area between the Venetian mainland, Padua and Chioggia. The event was triggered and maintained by the uplift over a convergence line...
Article
Full-text available
Recent advances in numerical modeling, satellite data, and coastal processes, together with the rapid evolution of CMEMS products and the increasing pressures on coastal zones, suggest the timeliness of extending such products toward the coast. The CEASELESS EU H2020 project combines Sentinel and in-situ data with high-resolution models to predict...
Article
Full-text available
The model initialization with high-resolution SAR wind data provided by the Sentinel-1 mission and its impact on the meteorological model WRF-ARW simulations is discussed. The activity is performed within the Horizon 2020 CEASELESS project, focusing on one of the target areas, the northern Adriatic Sea (northern-central Mediterranean). The Sentinel...
Preprint
Maritime surveillance (MS) is of paramount importance for search and rescue operations, fishery monitoring, pollution control, law enforcement, migration monitoring, and national security policies. Since ground-based radars and automatic identification system (AIS) do not always provide a comprehensive and seamless coverage of the entire maritime d...
Preprint
Maritime surveillance (MS) is crucial for search and rescue operations, fishery monitoring, pollution control, law enforcement, migration monitoring, and national security policies. Since the early days of seafaring, MS has been a critical task for providing security in human coexistence. Several generations of sensors providing detailed maritime i...
Article
Maritime surveillance (MS) is crucial for search and rescue operations, fishery monitoring, pollution control, law enforcement, migration monitoring, and national security policies. Since the early days of seafaring, MS has been a critical task for providing security in human coexistence. Several generations of sensors providing detailed maritime i...
Article
Maritime surveillance (MS) is of paramount importance for search and rescue operations, fishery monitoring, pollution control, law enforcement, migration monitoring, and national security policies. Since ground-based radars and automatic identification system (AIS) do not always provide a comprehensive and seamless coverage of the entire maritime d...
Preprint
Full-text available
To prevent the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), numerous countries around the world went into lockdown and imposed unprecedented containment measures. These restrictions progressively produced changes to social behavior and global mobility patterns, evidently disrupting social and economic activities. Here, using maritime traffic dat...
Article
To prevent the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), numerous countries around the world went into lockdown and imposed unprecedented containment measures. These restrictions progressively produced changes to social behavior and global mobility patterns, evidently disrupting social and economic activities. Here, using maritime traffic dat...
Article
Full-text available
The coasts of the Mediterranean Sea are dynamic habitats in which human activities have been conducted for centuries and which feature micro-tidal environments with about 0.40 m of range. For this reason, human settlements are still concentrated along a narrow coastline strip, where any change in the sea level and coastal dynamics may impact anthro...
Article
Full-text available
Wave climate projections at global scales are often of little direct use for local or regional coastal applications, where bathymetric gradients and coastal geometry dominate onshore wave propagation and transformation. In such systems, and even more in the case of semi‐enclosed basins where coastal orography can play a major role in wind modulatio...
Poster
Full-text available
Climate change is widely acknowledged as a major threat for coastal and transitional systems. In this contribution we present some results and ongoing progress in the assessment of climate change impacts on the main physical drivers of coastal and metocean dynamics in the Adriatic Sea, characterised by different coastal landscapes and strong anthro...
Article
Full-text available
Coastal erosion is an issue of major concern for coastal managers and is expected to increase in magnitude and severity due to global climate change. This paper analyzes the potential consequences of climate change on coastal erosion (e.g., impacts on beaches, wetlands and protected areas) by applying a Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology to...
Article
Full-text available
Climate scenarios produce climate change-related information and data at a geographical scale generally not useful for coastal planners to study impacts locally. To provide a suitable characterization of climate-related hazards in the North Adriatic Sea coast, a model chain, with progressively higher resolution was developed and implemented. It inc...
Article
Full-text available
Between 19 and 22 January 2014, a baroclinic wave moving eastward from the Atlantic Ocean generated a cut-off low over the Strait of Gibraltar and was responsible for the subsequent intensification of an extra-tropical cyclone. This system exhibited tropical-like features in the following stages of its life cycle and remained active for approximate...
Chapter
Until the 1970s it was a commonly accepted solution to dispose of fused but not functioning, damaged, obsolete, or captured munitions (generally known as munitions and explosives of concern, MEC), by dumping them in the oceans, a practice considered safe and inexpensive. The risks associated with this practice have been underrated for several decad...
Article
Full-text available
The evolution of coastal and transitional environments depends upon the interplay of human activities and natural drivers, two factors that are strongly connected and many times conflicting. The urge for efficient tools for characterising and predicting the behaviour of such systems is nowadays particularly pressing, especially under the effects of...
Article
Full-text available
Microplastic research has mainly concentrated on open seas, while riverine plumes remain largely unexplored despite their hypothesized importance as a microplastic source to coastal waters. This work aimed to model coastal accumulation of microplastic particles (1–5 mm) emitted by the Po River over 1.5 years. We posit that river-induced microplasti...
Article
Full-text available
This work presents the results of the numerical study implemented for the natural area of Lido di Spina, a touristic site along the Italian coast of the North Adriatic Sea, close to the mouth of River Reno. High-resolution simulations of nearshore dynamics are carried out under climate change conditions estimated for the site. The adopted modeling...
Article
Full-text available
Occasionally, storms that share many features with tropical cyclones, including the presence of a quasi-circular “eye” a warm core and strong winds, are observed in the Mediterranean. Generally, they are known as Medicanes, or tropical-like cyclones (TLC). Due to the intense wind forcings and the consequent development of high wind waves, a large n...
Conference Paper
The effects of inter-annual waves on the beach at Jesolo, Italy, are analysed by means of MIKE Shoreline Morphology Model by DHI, that combines 2D modelling with 1D shoreline evolution, and in-situ observations from video camera installation and ADCP are used to calibrate the performed simulations .
Article
In the long term development of the research on wind waves and their modelling, in particular of the inner and coastal seas, the present situation is framed with a short look at the past, a critical analysis of the present capabilities and a foresight of where the field is likely to go. After a short introduction, Chapter 2 deals with the basic pro...
Article
Full-text available
Dense waters (DW) formation in shelf areas and their cascading off the shelf break play a major role in ventilating deep waters, thus potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycles. However, whether DW flow across shelves may affect the composition and structure of plankton communities down to the seafloor and the particles t...
Article
Full-text available
In this work we assess the quality of the wind fields provided over the Adriatic Sea by the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM with reference to a control (CTR) period from 1971 to 2000 and to a future period from 2071 to 2100 under IPCC RCP 8.5 scenario (SCE), focusing on the implications for wave climate characterisation. Model skills have been ass...
Article
Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa are the two main ecosystem engineering, scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC) found in Mediterranean canyons. Factors controlling CWC distribution in the Mediterranean Sea are not yet fully understood in spite of such ecosystems being recognized as sensitive habitats by the General Fisheries Commission for the...
Article
Full-text available
Continental Shelf Waves (CSWs) are oscillatory phenomena migrating along the continental margins, controlled by the interplay of rotation and bathymetric gradients. Here we combine observational data from five moored current meters and high-resolution hydrodynamic model fields for describing the generation and propagation of CSWs along the Southern...
Article
Full-text available
In November 2011, an Atlantic depression affected the Mediterranean basin, eventually evolving into a Tropical-Like Cyclone (TLC or Mediterranean Hurricane, usually designated as Medicane). In the region affected by the Medicane, mean sea level pressures down to 990 hPa, wind speeds of hurricane intensity close to the eye (around 115 km/h) and inte...
Conference Paper
Predictive habitat modeling is gaining momentum because of its usefulness to recognize potential distributional patterns of ecosystems thus facilitating their proper governance when required, as it is for instance the case of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This holds particularly true for the deep-sea in front of its overwhelmin...
Article
In this study, we present the analysis of the temporal profile and height of space-time (ST) extreme wind waves. Wave data were gathered from an observational ST sample of sea surface elevations collected during a mature and short-crested sea state, and they were examined to detect the highest waves (exceeding the rogue wave threshold) of specific...
Article
Full-text available
A novel implementation of parameters estimating the space-time wave extremes within the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III (WW3) is presented. The new output parameters, available in WW3 version 5.16, rely on the theoretical model of Fedele (J Phys Oceanogr 42(9):1601-1615, 2012) extended by Benetazzo et al. (J Phys Oceanogr 45(9):2261–2275, 2015) t...
Article
Full-text available
p>Small rivers, particularly those draining mountainous terrain, discharge disproportionately large quantities of sediment to the globalocean. Because small mountainous rivers are more susceptible to catastrophic events, they tend to discharge their sediments over relatively short periods of time, such as during floods. The impact of small mountain...
Article
In the last few years we faced an increased popularity of stereo imaging as an effective tool to investigate wind sea waves at short and medium scales. Given the advances of computer vision techniques, the recovery of a scattered point-cloud from a sea surface area is nowadays a well consolidated technique producing excellent results both in terms...
Article
Full-text available
The paper presents an application of shoreline monitoring aimed at understanding the response of a beach to single storms and at identifying its typical behaviour, in order to be able to predict shoreline changes and to properly plan the defence of the shore zone. On the study area, in Jesolo beach (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy), a video monitoring...
Article
Full-text available
Coastal areas host a large fraction of the world’s population and are exposed to natural extreme events, which are a serious threat to human life, as well as to economies. For this reason, sea storms are increasingly the object of studies, and the design of traditional coastal defenses is being carried out in conjunction with modeling analyses. Rel...
Conference Paper
The Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) is a strategic platform about the covering all European sea basins with 21 EU participating countries and the European Commission as an observer ( www.jpi-oceans.eu). In November 2015, JPI Oceans launched the joint action named “Munitions in the Sea”, which is bein...
Article
Full-text available
The oceanographic campaign CARPET2014 (Characterizing Adriatic Region Preconditionig EvenTs), (30 January–4 February 2014) collected the very first turbulence data in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) under moderate wind (average wind speed 10 m s−1) and heat flux (net negative heat flux ranging from 150 to 400 W m−2). Observations consis...