Sandra Oliveira

University of Lisbon | UL · Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning

Neste trabalho usamos processamento morfológico de imagens para classificar os padrões espaciais ao nível do pixel em mapas binários (floresta e não floresta) de uso e ocupação do solo. O padrão de ocupação do solo é classificado como “perfurado”, “margem”, “mancha” e “núcleo” com grande resolução espacial e exatidão temática em comparação com abor...

The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), where vegetation and built-up structures intermingle, encompasses a variety of territorial elements that interact spatially, being variable both in space and time. Mapping the WUI at finer scales is paramount to assess wildfire exposure and define tailored mitigation strategies. Our aim was to develop a semi-auto...

As características ecológicas das fronteiras florestais têm vindo a ser estudadas, mas a ocorrência e a intensidade dos incêndios como efeitos de margem em larga escala são menos conhecidas, assim como o papel das diferentes características do uso e ocupação do solo na modificação dessa relação. Um aspeto importante na descrição do padrão espacial...

Open Acess: https://www.intechopen.com/books/1003209 Time series analysis describes, explains, and predicts changes in a phenomenon through time. People have utilized techniques that add a distinctive spatial dimension to this type of analysis. Major applications of spatiotemporal analysis include forecasting epidemics, analyzing the development o...

The latest advancements in TSA have focused on addressing the challenges posed by the increasing amount of data and the need for more efficient algorithms for accurate forecasting. These advancements offer more efficient ways of analyzing and predicting data compared to traditional approaches. These advancements have been driven by the demand for a...

Exposure and vulnerability analysis are valuable tools for wildfire management, especially important for local communities that suffer from very destructive events and that require mitigation approaches adjusted to their abilities and needs. We present a methodological procedure to analyze wildfire exposure levels, social vulnerability conditions a...

Introduction In Portugal, the 2017 fire season was particularly extreme, leading to an unprecedented large number of fatalities, injured people, destruction of houses and infrastructures. These dramatic outcomes have contributed to raise awareness regarding the importance of ensuring the safety of people and assets from high intensity uncontrollabl...

Interface urbano-rural; área edificada; incêndios; mapeamento; base cartográfica

The mosquito Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive species, which continues to widen its range worldwide. International trade is a major driver of its dispersal, in particular the imports of tyres and live plants. As a competent vector of numerous diseases, among which Zika and dengue, the spread of this species raises public health concerns. Based...

Neste capítulo, descrevem-se os conceitos associados à análise de risco, que inclui diversas componentes interligadas e representativas de aspetos específicos dos processos perigosos e/ou dos seus impactos. Depois apresentam-se alguns dos perigos que afetam as áreas urbanas, em particular os que são induzidos por fenómenos naturais, cuja ocorrência...

This study aimed to assess wildfire risk specifically for human settlements, testing the procedure in three regions of mainland Portugal, representing the west coast (Oeste), the south coast (Algarve) and a central inland sector (Viseu-Dão-Lafões).

We characterize fire regimes in central Portugal and investigate the degree to which the differences between regimes are influenced by a set of biophysical drivers. Using civil parishes as units of analysis, we employ three complementary parameters to describe the fire regime over a reference period of 44 years (1975–2018), namely cumulative percen...

Landscape patterns and composition were identified as key drivers of fire risk and fire regimes. However, few studies have focused on effective policymaking aimed at encouraging landowners to diversify the landscape and make it more fire-resilient. We propose a new framework to support the design of wildfire mitigation policies aimed at promoting l...

Fire regimes in Mediterranean countries have been shifting in recent decades, including changes in wildfire size and frequency. We sought to describe changes in fire regimes across two periods (1975-1995 and 1996-2018) in a fire-prone region of central Portugal, explore the relationships between these regimes and territorial features, and check whe...

Nearly half of the natural disasters in the world are due to hydro-geomorphological hazards. Therefore, rainfall forecast is a key parameter for the implementation of landslides and flash-floods early warning systems. In this work we developed a routine in R software that enables the validation of a 3-day rainfall forecast by comparison with the da...

There is a broad consensus in the academic and policy communities over the need to shift the focus from fire suppression to fire prevention. To inform policies that effectively promote this shift, we distinguish between prevention actions aimed at more fire-resilient landscapes and those focused on the protection of people, i.e., wildfire mitigatio...

A presente obra resulta das contribuições de quase 1000 investigadores internacionais sobre questões relacionadas com os incêndios florestais. A obra tem a sua origem na “9th International Conference on Forest Fire Research”, uma conferência internacional sobre a mesma temática, que reúne de 4 em 4 anos na região de Coimbra os mais prestigiados e r...

Wildfire risk assessment provides important tools to fire management, by analysing and aggregating information regarding multiple, interactive dimensions. The three main risk dimensions hazard, exposure and vulnerability, the latter considered in its social dimension, were quantified separately at the local scale for 972 civil parishes in central m...

Commuting flows and long-distance travel are important spreading factors of viruses and particularly airborne ones. Therefore, it is relevant to examine the association among diverse mobility scenarios and the spatial dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 cases. We intended to analyze the patterns of virus spreading linked to different mobility scenarios, in...

A propagação de doenças transmitidas por vetores causa grandes preocupações ao nível da saúde pública. A dispersão de vetores é fomentada pelos fluxos comerciais internacionais, em particular o comércio de pneus e plantas. Neste trabalho, foi investigada a potencial relação entre fluxos comerciais internacionais e o potencial de dispersão de Aedes...

Wildfires in Portugal have been increasingly affecting urban areas, putting people and property at risk. With the fires of 2017, several measures were proposed to increase the protection of settlements and the population. Therefore, this study analyzes the implementation of the "safe villages and safe people" program, considering the spatial distri...

The spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires and their effects over a given area can be described using the concept of fire regime. Here, we characterize fire regimes Central Portugal and investigate the degree to which the differences between regimes are influenced by a set of biophysical drivers. Using civil parishes as units of analysis, we em...

O consenso entre modelos de adequabilidade para a presença do mosquito-tigre na Europa foi analisado, utilizando 7 modelos representando condições atuais e 5 com projeções climáticas futuras. A partir da harmonização e conversão dos resultados dos modelos, foram definidas três classes: elevada adequabilidade, baixa adequabilidade e incerteza, tendo...

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. Global surface temperatures are rising and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, floods and storms, are expected to increase in the upcoming decades. Humans, animals, and the overall environment, will be impacted by clima...

There is actually a broad consensus over the need to shift from fire suppression to fire prevention strategies. To inform policies that effectively promote this shift, we distinguish between actions aimed at more fire-resilient landscapes and those focused on the protection of people, i.e., wildfire mitigation and adaptation (WM&A), respectively. W...

The spatial and temporal properties of burned areas are a major component of fire regimes. We analyse three parameters related to burned area within central Portugal, and then investigate the degree to which their variation is influenced by a set of biophysical drivers. Using civil parishes as units of analysis, we study three complementary paramet...

The concept of fire regime can be used to describe, with different degrees of complexity, the spatial and temporal patterns of fires and their effects within a given area and over a given period. In this work, we explore the relations between fire regime and a set of potential biophysical controls at a local scale, for 972 civil parishes in central...

Large volumes of data are becoming increasingly available and can be very valuable for the analysis of different phenomena. These data can originate from multiple sources and be recorded in diverse formats, requiring preliminary scrutiny in order to be further used in scientific analyses. This first crucial phase of filtering and cleansing data is...

A disseminação rápida do SARS-CoV-2 levou à implementação de restrições à mobilidade em inúmeros países. Estas medidas incluem a suspensão de atividades não essenciais ou a redução do limite máximo de passageiros nos transportes públicos, entre outras (Linka et al., 2020). Neste estudo, foi analisada a dinâmica de disseminação do vírus SARS-CoV-2 e...

A freguesia de Alvares foi gravemente afetada em 2017, tendo ardido cerca de 70% da sua área, tornando-se necessário melhorar a sua capacidade de resposta. Para isso, foram aplicadas duas metodologias: com recurso a ferramentas SIG (cost path e cost distance) e com o Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst Tool (PEAT). Comparando ambas as abordagens, a popul...

Resumo Um índice de risco de incêndio foi aplicado às 972 freguesias da região Centro de Portugal Continental, integrando três dimensões: perigosidade, exposição e vulnerabilidade social. As freguesias do setor centro-sul apresentam níveis de risco mais elevados. Os padrões espaciais variam para cada dimensão; a vulnerabilidade mais elevada ocorre...

A freguesia de Alvares, no concelho de Góis, foi muito afetada pelos incêndios de junho de 2017, tendo ardido 70% da sua área. Para melhorar a proteção das comunidades locais e aumentar a sua capacidade de resposta, é fundamental avaliar o nível de exposição das povoações a grandes incêndios. Neste sentido, foi avaliado o nível de exposição das pov...

The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), a vector of dengue, Zika and other diseases, was introduced in Europe in the 1970s, where it is still widening its range. Spurred by public health concerns, several studies have delivered predictions of the current and future distribution of the species for this region, often with differing results. We p...

Wildfires occur worldwide and affect different territories in diverse ways. New challenges in wildfire management are emerging, fueled by climatic, land cover, and sociodemographic changes, fostering wildfire science to respond with advanced and inclusive approaches. Supported by technological improvements, wildfire risk modeling is earning relevan...

Wildfire susceptibility and hazard models based on drivers that change only on a multiyear timescale are considered of a structural nature. They ignore specific short-term conditions in any year and period within the year, especially summer, when most wildfire damage occurs in southern Europe. We investigate whether the predictive capacity of struc...

Wildfire susceptibility maps are a well-known tool for optimizing available means to plan for prevention, early detection, and wildfire suppression in Portugal, especially regarding the critical fire season (1 July − 30 September). These susceptibility maps typically disregard seasonal weather conditions on each given year, being based on predispos...

We present new wildfire susceptibility and hazard maps for mainland Portugal. • Predisposing factors are landcover, slope angle and elevation. • We applied the Likelihood Ratio method and used fire history from 1975 to 2018. • Landcover favourability scores are obtained for different timeframes. • Structural maps can support spatial planning and ri...

The large wildfires of June 2017 disturbed many communities in central Portugal. The civil parish of Alvares was severely affected, with about 60% of its area burnt. Assessing the risk of large wildfires affecting local communities is becoming increasingly important, to reduce potential losses in the future. In this study, we assessed wildfire risk...

Understanding the characteristics of wildfire-affected communities and the importance of particular factors of different dimensions, is paramount to improve prevention and mitigation strategies, tailored to people's needs and abilities. In this study, we explored different combinations of biophysical and social factors to characterize wildfire-affe...

Debris flows are one of the most hazardous types of landslides in mountain regions. In the upper part of the Zêzere valley (Serra da Estrela, Portugal) several debris flows events occurred in the last 200 years, some of them causing loss of lives andmaterial damages. In thiswork, amethodology for pedestrian evacuationmodelling, in a debris flow haz...

Resumo: As ameaças impostas devido ao aquecimento global fazem com que Portugal tenha um risco elevado para o desenvolvimento de novas doenças transmitidas por mosquitos. A espécie Culex pipiens quando infetada com o Vírus do Nilo Ocidental é de extrema importância pois a sua presença é generalizada a todo o território, fazendo isto com que haja um...

Wildfires are a major environmental hazard in Portugal and cause deep social and economic disruption, demanding urgent actions for risk mitigation and people's protection. We aimed to understand if the personal characteristics of people, such as age, gender or education level, influenced their knowledge and perception regarding specific topics rela...

This paper presents the implementation in QGIS of spatial informations for two case studies in Italy and Portugal by the conceptualization proposed in MOVE (Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability assessment in Europe, www.move-fp7.eu). The chosen areas are in Turin (Italy) and Porto – Vila Nova de Gaia (Portugal). The conceptual model MOVE de...

Os incêndios florestais são um dos riscos ambientais mais gravosos em Portugal. O ano de 2017 foi particularmente desastroso, devido à elevada extensão de área ardida e, principalmente, pelas elevadas perdas humanas derivadas dos incêndios de junho e outubro. A freguesia de Alvares, no concelho de Góis, foi fortemente afetada pelos incêndios de jun...

A probabilidade de uma catástrofe, natural, antrópica ou mista, ter um efeito des-truidor sobre a habitação e os elementos do espaço público envolvente é muito significativa, sobretudo em áreas de forte densidade populacional, como os espa-ços urbanos. O facto de a função residencial ocupar a maior área das cidades, asso-ciada à evolução longa e au...

Fires are a major disturbance to forest ecosystems and socioeconomic activities in Mazandaran province, northern Iran, particularly in the Hyrcanian forest sub-region. Mapping the spatial distribution of fire hazard levels and the most important influencing factors is crucial to enhance fire management strategies. In this research, MODIS hotspots w...

Historical landslide inventory maps are frequently incomplete and this is usually pointed out as a source of uncertainty affecting the predictive ability of data-driven landslide susceptibility models. Nevertheless, the concept of having a complete landslide inventory seems far from reaching a consensual definition, both from the theoretical and pr...

Vulnerability assessment is a vital component of wildfire management. This research focused on the development of a framework to measure and map vulnerability levels in several areas within Mediterranean Europe, where wildfires are a major concern. The framework followed a stepwise approach to evaluate its main components, expressed by exposure, se...

Wildfires cause different impacts, depending on the conditions and resilience level of the exposed communities. Wildfire occurrence in mainland Portugal was assessed with regard to socioeconomic and demographic parameters, to identify the most distinctive conditions of fire-affected areas, without implying the existence of causal relationships. The...

The socioeconomic context of wildfire distribution is paramount to understand the conditions that influence the vulnerability and resilience levels of different communities exposed to wildfire risk. This research had the main purpose to assess the social and economic dimensions of fire occurrence in Portugal, the country most affected by wildfires...

Quercus robur L., (pedunculate oak) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., (sessile oak) are common broadleaved tree species in Europe, found from Scandinavia to the Iberian Peninsula. The two species are quite similar in appearance and have a broadly overlapping range. Oak trees have cultural significance for people throughout Europe and the trees or...

The European Atlas of Forest Tree Species is the first comprehensive publication of such a unique and essential environmental resource, that is, our trees. Leading scientists and forestry professionals have contributed in the many stages of the production of this atlas, through the collection of ground data on the location of tree species, elaborat...

The maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is a widespread medium-size tree native to the western Mediterranean basin. Its genetic variations, associated with a natural and artificial wide range of geographical locations, result in several subspecies that show a versatile adaptation to ecological factors. This pine dwells well in temperate-warm locati...

The stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) is a medium-sized tree with an umbrella-shaped, large and flat crown, scattered around the Mediterranean basin, mainly in coastal areas, and particularly abundant in south Western Europe. It occupies a broad range of climate and soil conditions, although it shows a low genetic variation. It thrives in dry weather, st...

Durante o VII Encontro de Geografia Física e Ambiente, subordinado ao tema grandes incêndios florestais e erosão e degradação dos solos, que decorreu em Guimarães, nos dias 10 e 11 de outubro de 2013, no debate com que finalizou uma das sessões, abordou-se a questão da terminologia, tendo-se gerado alguma discussão em torno do conceito de perigosid...

People living in different climatic regions have adapted to specific weather conditions and their tolerance to high temperatures and wind speeds is diverse. This study analyses the effect of thermal adaptations on the thermal perception of users of outdoor spaces in two different regions: Taichung (Taiwan) and Lisbon (Portugal), by means of field s...