Sandeep Gopalakrishnan

• University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models are a new technological development with vast research use cases among medical subspecialties. These powerful large language models offer a wide range of possibilities in wound care, from personalized patient support to optimized treatment plans and improved scientific writing. They can also assist in...

Identifying individual tissues, so-called tissue segmentation, in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) images is a challenging task and little work has been published, largely due to the limited availability of a clinical image dataset. To address this gap, we have created a DFUTissue dataset for the research community to evaluate wound tissue segmentation al...

The global burden of acute and chronic wounds presents a compelling case for enhancing wound classification methods, a vital step in diagnosing and determining optimal treatments. Recognizing this need, we introduce an innovative multi-modal network based on a deep convolutional neural network for categorizing wounds into four categories: diabetic,...

Wound care professionals provide proper diagnosis and treatment with heavy reliance on images and image documentation. Segmentation of wound boundaries in images is a key component of the care and diagnosis protocol since it is important to estimate the area of the wound and provide quantitative measurement for the treatment. Unfortunately, this pr...

The objective of this study is to take an initial step to determine and interpret the extents to which biophysical wound dressing properties impact mechanotransduction within a wound tissue. Current experimental techniques make it challenging to investigate many of the complexities of the wound healing process. Thus, the purpose of this study is to...

The global burden of acute and chronic wounds presents a compelling case for enhancing wound classification methods, a vital step in diagnosing and determining optimal treatments. Recognizing this need, we introduce an innovative multi-modal network based on a deep convolutional neural network for categorizing wounds into four categories: diabetic,...

Literature review and case series of the use of biologically active chemical components in cannabis and their role in wound healing.

Using near infrared spectroscopic imaging for immediate intraoperative tissue assessment of skin flap tissue response to surgical intervention.

Using Near infrared spectroscopic imaging to evaluate effects of using the Vascular Boot (Rooke Vascular Boot, Osborn Medical Corporation) on tissue perfusion of lower extremities.

This presentation provides insight into the mentorship process and details the story of 3 pre-medical school applicants and their successes with a clinical mentorship. These promising professionals share their transformative experiences working as medical assistants in clinical environment, shedding light on the profound influence this mentorship h...

The proliferative phase of wound healing is associated with the formation of granulation tissue which represents the onset of neo-angiogenesis. Matrix formation is critical to support wound proliferation which then allows for fibroblast replication and function which is then followed by epithelialization, wound closure and healing. A novel biocompa...

Using Near infrared Spectroscopic imaging to track patient with atypical scalp wound in response to hyperbaric oxygen.

Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to evaluate tissue oxygen saturation and perfusion Pulsed Radio Frequency Energy (PRFE) is a noninvasive therapy promoted to decrease tissue inflammation and edema, while enhancing tissue perfusion. This case presentation demonstrates the effect of PRFE on enhancement of tissue oxygenation and perfus...

The global burden of acute and chronic wounds presents a compelling case for enhancing wound classification methods, a vital step in diagnosing and determining optimal treatments. Recognizing this need, we introduce an innovative multi-modal network based on a deep convolutional neural network for categorizing wounds into four categories: diabetic,...

Chronic wounds create tremendous clinical, social, and economic burdens that generate frustration within hospitals and outpatient clinics, impair the health-related quality of life of chronic wound patients, and enormously drain healthcare resources. Common wound care and treatment techniques involve the usage of wound dressings. However, although...

Chronic wounds are significant public health problems impacting the health-related quality of individuals’ lives (due to disability, decreased productivity, and loss of independence) and an immense economic burden to healthcare systems around the world. In this study, our main objective is to investigate how mechanotransduction can impact the heali...

Wound classification is an essential step of wound diagnosis. An efficient classifier can assist wound specialists in classifying wound types with less financial and time costs and help them decide on an optimal treatment procedure. This study developed a deep neural network-based multi-modal classifier using wound images and their corresponding lo...

Background: Current assessment standards in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) focus on macrovascular function while neglecting the microcirculation. Multispectral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides hemodynamic characteristics of the microcirculation (i.e., capillaries) and may be a powerful tool for monitoring CLTI and preventing ex...

Background: Although wound management is a major component of all domains of healthcare, conventional therapeutics have numerous limitations. The endocannabinoid system of the skin, one of the major endogenous systems, has recently been connected to wound healing. Cannabinoids and their interactions with the endogenous chemical signaling system ma...

Background : Autofluorescence (AF) spectroscopy is a potent yet non-invasive technique with diagnostic and therapeutic applications. It identifies and characterizes changes occurring in the human body based on the changes in the fluorescence signatures. Aim : The primary purpose of this systematic review is to address the question "Is it feasible...

The classification of wound severity is a critical step in wound diagnosis. An effective classifier can help wound professionals categorize wound conditions more quickly and affordably, allowing them to choose the best treatment option. This study used wound photos to construct a deep neural network-based wound severity classifier that classified t...

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are among the most frequently observed diseases in ambulatory and hospital settings. Resistance of diverse bacterial pathogens to antibiotics is a significant cause of severe SSTIs, and treatment failure results in morbidity, mortality, and increased cost of hospitalization. Therefore, antimicrobial surveilla...

Acute and chronic wounds with varying etiologies burden the healthcare systems economically. The advanced wound care market is estimated to reach $22 billion by 2024. Wound care professionals provide proper diagnosis and treatment with heavy reliance on images and image documentation. Segmentation of wound boundaries in images is a key component of...

We present an automated wound localizer from 2D wound and ulcer images using a deep neural network as the first step towards building an automatic and complete wound diagnostic system. The wound localizer is developed using the YOLOv3 model, which is then turned into an iOS mobile application. The developed localizer can detect the wound and its su...

Wound prognostic models not only provide an estimate of wound healing time to motivate patients to follow up their treatments but also can help clinicians to decide whether to use a standard care or adjuvant therapies and to assist them with designing clinical trials. However, collecting prognosis factors from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of pa...

Significance: Accurately predicting wound healing trajectories is difficult for wound care clinicians due to the complex and dynamic processes involved in wound healing. Wound care teams capture images of wounds during clinical visits generating big data sets over time. Developing novel artificial intelligence (AI) systems can help clinicians diag...

Wound classification is an essential step of wound diagnosis. An efficient classifier can assist wound specialists in classifying wound types with less financial and time costs and help them decide an optimal treatment procedure. This study developed a deep neural network-based multi-modal classifier using wound images and their corresponding locat...

Hemorrhagic shock is one of the leading causes of prehospital death in the armed forces. In this state, the body begins to shut down because of blood volume depletion. In both civilian and military trauma, a significant number of hemorrhage deaths occur in the first several hours after injury. Researchers all over the globe are working to develop r...

Acute and chronic wounds are a challenge to healthcare systems around the world and affect many people’s lives annually. Wound classification is a key step in wound diagnosis that would help clinicians to identify an optimal treatment procedure. Hence, having a high-performance classifier assists wound specialists to classify wound types with less...

Wound prognostic models not only provide an estimate of wound healing time to motivate patients to follow up their treatments but also can help clinicians to decide whether to use a standard care or adjuvant therapies and to assist them with designing clinical trials. However, collecting prognosis factors from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of pa...

Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health problem. Self-management (SM) of HF is an important component of chronic disease management. Guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory (IFSMT), we examined the associations among complexity of condition, self-regulation, and self-efficacy mediation of SM behaviors in a population of HF...

Millions of people are affected by acute and chronic wounds yearly across the world. Continuous wound monitoring is important for wound specialists to allow more accurate diagnosis and optimization of management protocols. Machine Learning-based classification approaches provide optimal care strategies resulting in more reliable outcomes, cost savi...

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated to accelerate diabetic wound healing in preclinical and clinical studies. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play key roles in impaired diabetic wound healing, and the effect of PBM on the metabolic state of diabetic wounds remains t...

Acute and chronic wounds have varying etiologies and are an economic burden to healthcare systems around the world. The advanced wound care market is expected to exceed $22 billion by 2024. Wound care professionals rely heavily on images and image documentation for proper diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately lack of expertise can lead to improper...

Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated to restore the function of damaged mitochondria, increase the production of cytoprotective factors and prevent cell death. Our laboratory has shown that FR PBM improves functional and structural outcomes in animal models of retinal injury and retinal degener...

Objective: Recent clinical evidence has suggested that certain wound dressings may play a significant role in protocols to prevent or reduce pressure injury in patients at risk by modifying the pressure, friction and shear forces that can contribute to the development of pressure injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the pressure reducti...

Acute and chronic wounds are a challenge to healthcare systems around the world and affect many people's lives annually. Wound classification is a key step in wound diagnosis that would help clinicians to identify an optimal treatment procedure. Hence, having a high-performance classifier assists the specialists in the field to classify the wounds...

Acute and chronic wounds have varying etiologies and are an economic burden to healthcare systems around the world. The advanced wound care market is expected to exceed $22 billion by 2024. Wound care professionals rely heavily on images and image documentation for proper diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately lack of expertise can lead to improper...

We present an automated wound localizer from 2D wound and ulcer images by using deep neural network, as the first step towards building an automated and complete wound diagnostic system. The wound localizer has been developed by using YOLOv3 model, which is then turned into an iOS mobile application. The developed localizer can detect the wound and...

Efficient and effective assessment of acute and chronic wounds can help wound care teams in clinical practice to greatly improve wound diagnosis, optimize treatment plans, ease the workload and achieve health related quality of life to the patient population. While artificial intelligence (AI) has found wide applications in health-related sciences...

Background: Diabetes is known to cause delayed wound healing, and chronic non-healing lower extremity ulcers may end with lower limb amputations and mortalities. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, it is critical to focus on underlying mechanisms of these debilitating wounds to find novel therapeutic strategies and there...

Diabetes is known to cause delayed wound healing, and extremity diabetic ulcers may end with lower limb amputations and mortalities. We examine the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the diabetic mice wound healing. On-line label-free optical images of metabolic indices (including NADH and FAD) were captured in the in vivo wounds over 5 days. The...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LHV55tVCEw

Targets: Individuals with multiple chronic conditions, including cognitive impairment. Intervention description: The Present in the Now (PIN) intervention is a mindfulness intervention with three components: attentional skill exercises, body awareness activities, and compassion meditation. Mechanisms of action: Mindfulness acts to decrease emo...

Evidence is growing that exposure of tissue to low energy photon irradiation in the far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) range of the spectrum, collectively termed “photobiomodulation” (PBM) can restore the function of damaged mitochondria, upregulate the production of cytoprotective factors and prevent apoptotic cell death. PBM has been applied cli...

Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to photoreceptor cell loss in retinal degenerative disorders. The metabolic state of the retina in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was investigated using a cryo-fluorescence imaging technique. The mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and...

The existence of arterial myogenic tone was first described by Bayliss in 1902, however, its association with pressure-dependent membrane depolarization was not observed until 1984. The factors that mediate myogenic arterial constriction remain unknown. One possible clue was a finding by our laboratory that cerebral arterial muscle cells express CY...

Background: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly studied animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies currently approved for the treatment of MS slow disease progression, but do not prevent it. A g...

Irradiation by light in the far-red to near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (photobiomodulation, PBM) has been demonstrated to attenuate the severity of neurodegenerative disease in experimental and clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 670 nm PBM would protect against the loss of retinal function and imp...

Oxidative stress (OS), which increases during retinal degenerative disorders, contributes to photoreceptor cell loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the metabolic state of the eye tissue in rodent models of retinitis pigmentosa by using the cryofluorescence imaging technique. The mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes NADH...

Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to photoreceptor cell loss in retinal degenerative disorders. The metabolic state of the retina in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was investigated using a cryo-fluorescence imaging technique. The mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and...

The approved immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are only partially effective. It is thought that the combination of immunomodulatory and neuroprotective strategies is necessary to prevent or reverse disease progression. Irradiation with far red/near infrared light, termed photobiomodulation, is a therapeutic approa...

In spite of the array of synthetic bone grafts available, the pursuit for an ideal graft continues. In view of this, a synthetic bioactive calcium phosphosilicate composite (HABGS) has been developed combining the properties of hydroxyapatite and silicate system. The in vivo performance of HABGS granules in goat femur defect stimulated a favorable...

Diabetic hyperglycemia increases ROS and depletes glutathione (GSH). Near‐infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to protect against antioxidant depletion in animal models of chronic degenerative disease. We tested the hypothesis that NIR PBM would protect gastrocnemius muscle (G) from hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress (OxS) in...

Diabetes‐induced hyperglycemia disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism and increases oxidative stress. 670 nm light‐emitting diode photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to protect mitochondria, attenuate oxidative damage and improve cell survival in experimental and clinical investigations. We tested the hypothesis that 670 nm photobiomodulation...

Oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of diabetes‐induced muscle atrophy. Low energy photon irradiation with 670 nm light has been shown to attenuate oxidative stress following ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the heart. PURPOSE: To determine if 670 nm LED treatment (NIR) would attenuate oxidative damage in a model of type I diabetes, the...

Frailty is defined as a decline in the neuromuscular system, abnormal aging, and loss of physiological reserve. It is difficult to conduct research in this population, therefore we sought to identify an animal model that would recapitulate many of the characteristics of frailty. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that streptozotocin‐induced diabetes i...

INTRODUCTION: Glutathione (GSH) is an inter‐ and intra‐cellular antioxidant, and is essential in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to prevent cellular damage. Photobiomodulation using 670 nm light has been shown to reduce oxidative damage in several animal models of degenerative disease. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of photobiomodulatio...

Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Photobiomodulation by light in the red to near‐infrared (NIR) range (630–1000 nm) using low energy lasers or light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays accelerates wound healing, improves recovery from ischemic injury and attenuates degeneration in the injured optic nerve. Purpose...

The retinal degenerative disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), is the most common cause of inherited blindness in the developed world and is caused by the progressive degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells preceding cone degeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RP...