Sambit Prasanajit Naik

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Assistant) at University of Petroleum and Energy Studies

This study focuses on the stone-made temples that were constructed in the Western Himalayas between 700 and 1200 AD in the Gomati River valley to determine the damage caused by historic earthquakes. The destruction and collapse of these monuments are attributed to historic earthquakes that occurred in the Western Himalayas during the years 1338, 15...

The Arun and Tista Rivers, which flow across the Himalayas, are commonly known as antecedent valleys that overcame the rapid uplift of the Higher Himalayan ranges. To clarify whether the idea of antecedent rivers is acceptable, we investigated the geomorphology of the Himalayas between eastern Nepal and Bhutan Himalayas. The southern part of Tibeta...

Deformed soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) can indicate polyphase deformation events and provide valuable insights into the inversion process of a basin. Herein, we present the Miocene–Quaternary deformation inversion history of the Bomun sub-basin in the Gyeongju area of SE Korea. The inferred ENE compression direction (σHmax) based on p...

The Yangsan fault is the most prominent NNE-SSW−striking active right-lateral strike-slip fault crossing the Korean Peninsula, with a continuous trace of ∼200 km. It can likely generate large earthquakes; however, the paleoseismic information on slip per event, slip rate, and timing of past ruptures along this fault remains sparse. To explore these...

On 26th May 2021, an earthquake with a moment magnitude Mw 5.1 hit the densely populated cities of Gisenyi (Rwanda) and Goma (D.R. Congo) which sit on the active East African Rift System. It was one of the largest earthquakes associated with the 2021 Mount Nyiragongo eruption. Although of moderate magnitude, the earthquake substantially damaged man...

The macroseismic intensity of the February 6, 2012, Negros Oriental earthquake (MW 6.7), which affected the islands of Negros and Cebu, central Philippines, has been reassessed in this study using the Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI-2007). This earthquake caused a ∼75-km-long surface rupture along a previously unmapped fault and resulted...

The seismic shaking observed around Delhi and the surrounding region due to near-field and far-field earthquakes is a matter of concern for the seismic safety of the national capital of India, as well as the historical monuments of the region. Historical seismicity indicates that the Delhi region has been affected by several damaging earthquakes or...

The morphological characteristics and distribution of volcanic cones of Jeju Island in Korea could be controlled by several factors, including stress field in the substrate and subsurface fractures. Controlling fractures, however, might not be visible on the outcrop volcanically active areas like Jeju Island, because of the layer of volcanic rocks...

Two recent moderate earthquakes in South Korea, the 2016 MW 5.5 Gyeongju earthquake and 2017 MW 5.4 Pohang earthquake, caused damages to modern residential buildings. These events occurred with almost the same magnitude and duration in the same seismotectonic environment but exhibited remarkably different focal depths, faulting types, surface defor...

Regardless of numerous paleoseismological studies along the active front of the Himalayas, it still lacks precision with respect to earthquake recurrence, rupture, slip mechanism, etc. which hinders understanding of the region's seismic hazards. Considering the seismic hazard posed by the previous Himalayan earthquakes, for instance, from Kashmir,...

Evaluating and predicting the occurrence and spatial remarks of climate and rainfall-related destructive hazards is a big challenge. Periodically, Sinai Peninsula is suffering from natural risks that enthuse researchers to provide the area more attention and scientific investigation. Extracted information from the morpho-metric indices aids in unde...

The 28th September 2018 Sulawesi Supershear earthquake (MW 7.5) was one of the deadliest earthquakes in the recent history of Indonesia causing ~4000 causalities. The earthquake caused a ~ 177 km long surface rupture along the Palu-Karo fault. Apart from surface rupture, the earthquake caused extensive earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) around...

On April 28 2021, an earthquake of MW 6.4 occurred near Sonitpur, Assam, India. The epicenter was 43 km away from Tezpur, Assam with a focal depth of 34 km. The National Center for Seismology (NCS), Delhi reported the maximum intensity of MMI–V whereas the United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported the maximum intensity of MMI–VII. Preliminary...

Dual-hazard assessments are being designed as a new approach to effectively support and aid decision-makers in minimizing negative impacts from natural risks. The Sinai Peninsula periodically suffers from natural risks that enthuse researchers to give it more attention and scientific investigation. Although the seismic risks and weather-related haz...

The macroseismic intensity of the February 6, 2018, Mw 6.4, Hualien earthquake, which caused extensive damage around the Hualien area of eastern Taiwan is reassessed using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) scale. We compiled data on earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) caused by the 2018 Hualien earthquake, which includes surface rupt...

The co-seismic deformation of the 28th April 2021 Assam earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 has been investigated using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR). The results obtained from the PSInSAR are validated with the results of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is observed that the co-seismic deformatio...

The co-seismic deformation of the 28th April 2021 Assam earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 has been investigated using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR). The results obtained from the PSInSAR are validated with the results of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is observed that the co-seismic deformatio...

Biochar is an environment friendly material that has been widely adopted in various fields, such as agricultural, environmental and energy. On the contrary, the use of biochar in geoengineering infrastructure is still rare. The review critically summarizes the influence of biochar on soil strength in the context of geoengineering infrastructure. Fo...

In seismic hazard assessment, subsurface geophysical surveying has gained popularity in recent years towards fault mapping and determining seismic deformation parameters such as fault offset, recurrence, and depth of fault, locating proper trench sites based on the subsurface information. In the present study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT...

According to the records of historical and instrumental earthquakes, the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula is considered the highest seismic activity area. Owing to recent reports of numerous Quaternary faults along the Yangsan and Ulsan fault zones, paleoseismological studies are being actively conducted in these areas. The study area is l...

The A.D. 1803 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal border earthquake affected Indo-Gangetic Plain with evidences of liquefaction in cities like Patna, Varanasi, Agra, and Delhi in historical past. Recent strong shaking all along the Indo-Gangetic Plains and seismic induced damage to the buildings in Bihar during Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake raises the concern for si...

Recently, biochar has been widely used in geotechnical and environmental engineering to solve various engineering problems. However, very few studies have been carried out to understand the cyclic behavior of the biochar treated soil. This study explores the possibility of using environment-friendly and stable carbon material (i.e., biochar) for en...

Earthquakes are one of the most destructive and unpredictable natural hazards with a long-term physical, psychological, and economic impact to the society. In the past century, more than 1100 destructive earthquakes occurred, and caused around 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Some recent studies have suggested that a future earthquake in the Himalayan...

Keywords: coseismic scarps surface rupture paleoseismic trenching fault mechanics recurrence interval earthquake magnitude We present the results of detailed mapping and paleoseismic investigations along a section of the complex fault scarp array associated with the Cañada David detachment, a low-angle oblique normal fault that controls the southwe...

Based on historical earthquakes and paleoseismical data, the Ulsan fault zone has a higher potential of large earthquakes in Korea. Thus, it is very important to understand the paleoseismic characteristics of the Ulsan fault in order to reduce future earthquake hazards. The NNW-trending Ulsan fault has been known as a reverse dominant fault. Howeve...

Earthquake prediction is currently the most crucial task required for the probability, hazard, risk mapping, and mitigation purposes. Earthquake prediction attracts the researchers' attention from both academia and industries. Traditionally, the risk assessment approaches have used various traditional and machine learning models. However, deep lear...

The earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) around the epicentral area of the Pohang earthquake (Mw-5.4) that occurred on 15 November 2017 have been collected and classified using the Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI-07 scale) proposed by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) focus group. The shallow-focus 15 November Po...

Studies on earthquake-induced liquefaction and identification of source unit for causing liquefaction have been a major concern in sustainable land use development especially in low to moderate seismic areas. During the 2017 Mw 5.4 Pohang earthquake, widespread liquefaction was reported around the Heunghae basin, which was the first ever reported c...

In Danyang area, various geological structures as well as various lithology and strata are well developed, which are useful for studying paleo-environment and structural movements, and also typical karst landforms, wethering landforms and river landforms. If geologically and geomorphologically valuable resources are used in terms of geotourim persp...

In this study, soils from two locations namely Rudrapur and Khatima from Uttarakhand, India adjacent to Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) have been considered for response analysis. The in-situ and dynamic soil properties determined from undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for earthquake response analysis. Three moderate magnitude earthqu...

On 26th January 2001, an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.7 occurred near Bhuj, in northwestern India, resulting in severe environmental effects. No unequivocal primary surface rupture was observed for the earthquake, but it caused widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in the Rann of Kachchh and Little Rann. After the earthquake, several resear...

The Ulsan Fault is the one of the major active fault in SE Korean Peninsula. The NNW-SSE trending Ulsan Fault is a reverse dominant oblique slip fault dipping to the east and extends ~50 km on land. Along the central part of the Ulsan Fault, especially Singye-ri area, several sub-parallel faults and dome-shaped hills are developed. To understand th...

On 15th November 2017, the Pohang earthquake (M w 5.4) had strong ground shaking that caused severe liquefaction and lateral spreading across the Heunghae Basin, around Pohang city, South Korea. Such liquefaction is a rare phenomenon during small or moderate earthquakes (M W < 5.5). There are only a few examples around the globe, but more so in the...

Almost all large earthquakes occur due to reactivation of pre-existing active faults. Over the past decades world have witnessed several devastating earthquakes due to reactivation of pre-existing faults. Seismic hazard. From the reactivated faults is very difficult to assess because of their complex structure, reversal of slip sense across the fau...

In the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, huge fault valleys, including the Yangsan and Ulsan faults, are recognized. These NNE-SSW trending lineaments are called as a whole Yangsan Fault System. However, this fault system is relatively poorly studied except the Yangsan and Ulsan faults. This study deduced the paleostress history based on t...

NASA/ADS Estimation of horizontal displacement by 3D-trench investigation on the northern part of the Yangsan fault at Dangu-ri, Gyeongju, SE Korea Show affiliations Jeong, S. H.; Naik, S.; Rockwell, T. K.; Kim, Y. S. We performed 3D trench to estimate horizontal displacement and further potential earthquake magnitude along the Yangsan fault, which...

Seismic activity of a region is directly related to information known about earthquakes (EQs) occurred in the region. An uncertainty may always be associated with determination of seismic activity due to incomplete information about historic EQs. For reliable estimation on return period of major to great EQs, accurate information on seismic history...

Towards assessing historical seismicity of an area, it is important to study the evidences of paleo-earthquakes particularly in areas of low seismicity like Korean Peninsula. This can be achieved by studying primary and secondary evidences of seismic events. Seismites are one of those indicators for understanding paleo-seismicity. Seismites are def...

The Pohang Earthquake(Mw=5.4)occurred on 15th of November 2017 produced many building damages including tilting, cracking, and distortion. The south-eastern part of the Korean Peninsula is affected by E-W to ENE-WSW direction of horizontal compressive tectonic force resulted from the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Japanese island arcs. T...

Gyeongju city is situated at the confluence point of major fault systems Yangsan and Ulsan along with several other minor faults. The ML 5.8 2016 September Gyeongju earthquake is the largest instrumental earthquake in Korea which has caused moderate damage around the city. Previous studies based on historical seismicity and Archeoseismolgy suggest...

Kanpur City and Allahabad City are the most populous city and the largest urban agglomeration among other north Indian cities. Both the cities are situated along Ganga and Yamuna River. The study areas are one of the growing urban centers in Northern India. Two large Himalayan earthquakes experienced by this area during 1803 A.D. and 1934, and larg...

Although it is not easy to understand and predict earthquake damage patterns, several examples associated with earthquake damage show the importance of earthquake surface ruptures and fault damage zones as well as seismic shaking. The characteristics of earthquake fault (rupture) propagation, which is recorded as along-fault slip (or displacement)...

The 04 April 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8) killed more than 20,000 people, caused total damage to the towns of Kangra and Dharamsala in NW Himalaya. The 1905 Kangra earthquake occurred along a newly identified the ‘‘Kangra Valley Fault’’ (KVF) with prominent right lateral strike-slip movement. KVF striking WNW-ESE and E-W extends for ~60 km, cutt...

Empirical correlation between standard penetration resistance (SPT-N) and shear wave velocity measured by seismic downhole techniques are prepared of the alluvial soil of quaternary age for the Kanpur city. The Kanpur city is having seismic threat from Himalaya and it falls in seismic zone III according to seismic zones of India. Standard penetrati...

The Kumaun Sub-Himalaya region is one of the most active regions falling into Seismic Zone V along the Himalaya. The geomorphology and drainage patterns in the area of active faulting and related growing fold provide significant information on the ongoing tectonic activity. The Kaladungi Fault (KF), an imbricated thrust fault of the Himalayan Front...

The present work deals with 1D and 2D ground response analysis and liquefaction analysis of alluvial soil deposits from Kanpur region along Indo-Gangetic plains. Standard penetration tests and seismic down hole tests have been conducted at four locations namely IITK, Nankari village, Mandhana and Bithoor at 1.5 m interval up to a depth of 30 m belo...

In the present study seismic hazard assessment in terms of ground response analysis and liquefaction potential has been carried out for the Allahabad city, India. The study area is having threat to seismic damage due to Himalayan Frontal Thrust earthquake. Three sites under the study have been characterized by means of in-situ SPT and laboratory te...