Samantha Jamson

University of Leeds · Institute for Transport Studies (ITS)

Studies have exposed the confusion that drivers face interpreting system status when using different driving automation systems. The recent introduction of the automated lane-keeping system (ALKS), an SAE Level 3 partially automated driving system, raises the questions of whether drivers are equipped to welcome this new level of complexity in their...

Stakeholders play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth design and implementation of policies worldwide. this research presents the results of three focus groups carried out with stakeholders from different transport ministries and agencies involved in road safety in Nigeria. it aimed to understand their perception of road safety in Nigeria through...

Stakeholders play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth design and implementation of policies worldwide. This research presents the results of three focus groups carried out with stakeholders from different transport ministries and agencies involved in road safety in Nigeria. It aimed to understand their perception of road safety in Nigeria through...

The aim of this study is to provide strategic and practical advice to the European Commission General Directorate DG MOVE on the policy-related actions required to address disruptive digital developments, particularly the transition to automated driving and its effects on driver behaviour and performance. Automated driving brings a number of change...

This paper presents the results of a cross-cultural study to investigate the influence of traffic safety culture and infrastructure improvements on driver behaviour. To achieve this, the driving style of UK drivers was compared with that of Nigerians with and without experience of driving in the UK. A driving simulator experiment compared the actua...

For Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems to be accepted and used safely, the transitions from cruise control mode to necessary driver intervention need to be obvious to the driver. Previous research shows that drivers have natural boundaries for acceptable values for time headway and time to collision to a car in front, which define at what point...

Using naturalistic driving data, this study explored the prevalence of engagement in secondary tasks whilst driving through intersections, and investigated whether drivers manage and self-regulate such behaviour in response to variations in roadway and environmental conditions. Video recordings of in-vehicle and external scenes were coded for preci...

The aim of this study is to provide strategic and practical advice to the European Commission General Directorate DG MOVE on the policy-related actions required to address disruptive digital developments, particularly the transition to automated driving and its effects on driver behaviour and performance. Automated driving brings a number of change...

Driving safety relies on a driver’s ability to maintain their attentional focus and that mood is one of the factors which influences this ability. This driving simulator study used mind wandering theory to understand the changes in car following behaviour and driver glance patterns when affected by neutral, happy, sad and angry moods during car fol...

Although road users are aware of the possible risks of engaging in unsafe behaviours while driving, they continue to do so. These behaviours often contribute to traffic incidents and crashes involving them and other road users. This study set out to analyse the effect of road user type, location and time of day on unsafe driving behaviours observed...

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the safety performance in a steel industry and predicting the occurrence of incidents using Customized Predictive Risk Index (CPRI) technique. Materials and methods: 350 unsafe observations were recorded and scored based on risk factors of probability of danger, frequency of work exposure, numb...

Road traffic crashes are a major public health problem affecting those living in developing countries, exacerbated by the lack of available resources to tackle the issue (WHO, 2015). Whilst crash reduction measures have been developed and implemented, there has been limited success in developing countries and the crash rate keeps increasing. Partly...

The objective of this study was to evaluate a workload manager designed to supervise the presentation of in-vehicle information for two age groups of drivers during safety–critical situations. The benefits of a workload manager were compared in various dual-task conditions involving a preceding or a concurrent in-vehicle alert during critical traff...

International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Orlando, USA

Tangible incentives, training and feedback systems have been shown to reduce drivers’ fuel consumption in several studies. However, the effects of such tools are often short-lived or dependent on continuous cues. Several studies found that many drivers already possess eco-driving mental models, and are able to activate them, for instance when an ex...

Eco-driving campaigns have traditionally assumed that drivers lack the necessary knowledge and skills and that this is something that needs rectifying. Therefore, many support systems have been designed to closely guide drivers and fine-tune their proficiency. However, research suggests that drivers already possess a substantial amount of the neces...

This study examines the effect of traffic demand on driver workload by varying a range of characteristics of traffic behaviour, in particular focusing on the influence of a lane change performed by a neighbouring vehicle. To examine drivers’ ability to manage their own workload in these traffic situations, a self-initiated, surrogate mobile phone t...

Previous research shows that negative emotions have a detrimental effect on cognitive processes in general and on driving safety in particular. However to date, there has been no empirical investigation of the impact that positive emotions might have on driving safety. This research examined the influence of mood on driving safety using hazard perc...

Introduction In 2013 a BTS survey showed substantial variability in the advice that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) would be likely to receive from clinicians with regard to whether they were fit to drive or not. Since then the BTS has issued guidance and the DVLA changed its emphasis to sleepiness “likely to impair safe driv...

Road sign comprehension plays an important part in road safety management, particularly for those drivers who are travelling in an unfamiliar country. Previous research has established that comprehension can be improved if signs are designed to adhere to ergonomic principles. However, it may be difficult for sign designers to incorporate all the pr...

Introduction Some OSAS patients are at higher risk of being involved in traffic accidents.There is significant variation in the advice given by the clinicians.Using a continuously measured variable (SDLP) on the MiniUoLDS the at risk patients can be identified.We have now compared real time events,MiniUoLDS outcome and performance based on SDLP in...

Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) are at increased risk of involvement in road traffic accidents (RTAs) [1]. Clinicians diagnosing OSAS need to advise patients about driving but there are no validated tools and no robust objective data about which factors are important [2]. There are position statements, based solely on expert...

A high percentage of serious accidents occur on sharp horizontal curves, especially on two-lane rural roads. A growing body of literature has examined driving behaviour on horizontal curves, with most research relating the effect of curve radius on driver’s speed and steering behaviour. There is an agreement that increasing degrees of road curvatur...

A high percentage of serious accidents occur on sharp horizontal curves, especially on two-lane rural roads. A growing body of literature has examined driving behaviour on horizontal curves, with most research relating the effect of curve radius on driver’s speed and steering behaviour. There is an agreement that increasing degrees of road curvatur...

This driving simulator study was the second of two studies investigating the most effective and acceptable in-vehicle system for the provision of guidance on fuel efficient accelerator usage. Three eco-driving interfaces were selected for test (a second-order display visual display with auditory alerts and two haptic accelerator pedal systems) foll...

Eco-driving has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and therefore emissions considerably. Previous research suggests that drivers have a certain level of eco-driving knowledge and skills, which they refrain from practising in their everyday lives. At the same time misconceptions and ambiguous messages from eco-driving support systems can confu...

Whilst driving is inherently a safety–critical task, awareness of fuel-efficient driving techniques has gained popularity in both the public and commercial domains. Green driving, whether motivated by financial or environmental savings, has the potential to reduce the production of greenhouse gases by a significant amount. This paper focusses on th...

Introduction Some patients with OSAS are at higher risk of being involved in road traffic accidents. No objective tests have been shown to predict reliably whether an individual is safe to drive or not and there is significant variation in the advice given by the clinicians. Using continuously measured variables in an advanced PC-based driving simu...

We evaluated clinicians' current practice for giving advice to patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Clinicians were invited to complete a web-based survey and indicate the advice they would give to patients in a number of scenarios about driving; they were also asked what they considered to be residual drowsiness and adequate compliance...

This deliverable provides a report of the work conducted for EC FC7 Project ecoDriver in Work Package 42.1: Adapting tool for assessing acceptance. The tasks required the identifications of the state-of-the art in the field of acceptance and the development of tools for assessing the performance indicators related to acceptance with respect to the...

Traffic density has been shown to be a factor of traffic complexity which influences driver workload. However, little research has systematically varied and examined how traffic density affects workload in dynamic traffic conditions. In this driving simulator study, the effects of two dynamically changing traffic complexity factors (Traffic Flow an...

Introduction Clinicians are often asked to complete forms about patients with OSAS by the DVLA. We evaluated the current practice of assessing residual drowsiness, CPAP compliance and whether objective testing is undertaken by clinicians to assess an individual’s fitness for driving. Methods Clinicians who complete the DVLA medical forms (SL1 and S...

Introduction Advice about driving is a key component of the management of OSAS patients. No objective tests have been shown to predict reliably whether an individual is safe to drive or not and therefore the advice given will depend upon the opinion of clinicians. We evaluated the current practice of advice given regarding fitness to drive in OSAS...

This reports carefully analysis the accident record ot powered two-wheelers (PTW) throughoutn the European Union Member States. Strictly based on scientific evindence, this report develops a set of 16 recommendations to improve PTW's road safety.

Despite being an accepted construct in traffic and transport psychology, the precise nature of behavioural adaptation, including its causes and consequences, has not yet been established within the road safety community. A comprehensive collection of recent literature, Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety: Theory, Evidence, and Action explores be...

Real-world studies of driving behaviour and safety have face validity and have the distinct advantage of focussing on driving in its natural habitat. But their very naturalism can lead to problems with confounds and with noise in the data. This paper reviews the three major categories of on-road studies - controlled observation, field operational t...

Nomadic devices are portable technologies that drivers are able to use as means of navigation, entertainment or communication. Behavioural studies indicate that using nomadic devices while driving can result in visual, cognitive and manual distraction leading to poorer vehicle control and reduced attention to critical events. Legislative attempts h...

Modern driving involves frequent and potentially detrimental interactions with distracting in-vehicle tasks. Distraction has been shown to slow brake reaction time and decrease lateral and longitudinal vehicle control. It is likely that these negative effects will become more prevalent in the future as advances are made in the functionality, availa...

Introduction Tiredness while driving is potentially fatal and it is recommended that a driver who starts to feel tired should stop and have a rest, but some may use various strategies to try to stay alert. We devised a questionnaire that assessed various commonly used coping strategies and explored whether there is a difference between patients wit...

Introduction A wide range of cognitive deficits has been identified in patients with untreated OSAS and there has been a growing interest in the evaluation of cognitive deteriorations. The CFQ (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) is a measure of self-reported deficits in the completion of simple everyday tasks that a person should normally be capable...

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) plus moral norms, anticipated regret, past behaviour, self-identity and perceived susceptibility was applied to predicting motorcyclists' intention to ride above the speed limit and ride at inappropriate speeds. Past behaviour, control beliefs, attitudes, moral norm, normative beliefs, age and self-identity exp...

This driving simulator study investigated how mandatory and voluntary ISA might affect a driver's overtaking decisions on rural roads, by presenting drivers with a variety of overtaking scenarios designed to evaluate both the frequency and safety of the manoeuvres. In half the overtaking scenarios, ISA was active and in the remainder ISA was switch...

Given the burden of injury, economic, environmental and social consequences associated with speeding, reducing road traffic speed remains a major priority. Intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) is a promising but controversial new in-vehicle system that provides drivers with support on the speed-control task. In order to model potential system uptake,...

The aim of the present research was to investigate whether individuals with a common cold showed impaired ability on a simulated driving task and the ability to detect potential collisions between moving objects. The study involved comparison of a healthy group with a group with colds. These scores were adjusted for individual differences by collec...

Some patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome are at higher risk of being involved in road traffic accidents. It has not been possible to identify this group from clinical and polysomnographic information or using simple simulators. We explore the possibility of identifying this group from variables generated in an advanced PC-based driving...

The main purpose of this study was to measure the impact of lane changes on driver workload. The characteristics of a lane change were manipulated in order to evaluate workload measures and examine the possible implications for road safety. The effects of the lane changes on driver workload were obtained via 1) subjective workload ratings and 2) pr...

Driver distraction from in-vehicle tasks can have negative impacts on longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. The distraction problem is increasing due to advances in the functionality, availability, and number of in-vehicle systems. One approach to a solution is managing in-vehicle task presentation to reduce associated distraction. This paper r...

Introduction Currently advice about an OSAS patient's fitness to drive is based upon the severity of the condition, with or without objective measure of daytime sleepiness and their account of their driving. Although there is a trend towards increased likelihood of accidents with more severe OSAS, this is not sufficiently robust data. There are con...

Introduction Road traffic accidents (RTA) are known to peak at certain times of the day especially early afternoons. OSAS patients are at higher risk of being involved in RTA. Recently we have established that it is possible to identify with high degree of certainty a group of OSAS sufferers who perform significantly worse than others using specifi...

In this paper we report the results of a field study conducted for the EU project HASTE, in which the effect of IVIS task difficulty on driving performance was assessed by three concurrent methods. These included objective vehicle-related measures, subjective ratings from drivers and expert observers’ evaluations. Results showed that all three tech...

This study explored the validity of using a low-cost simulator for the assessment of driver distraction arising from the use of an in-vehicle information system. Eighteen participants drove on a rural road whilst carrying out distractor tasks of various levels of difficulty, in both a low-cost simulator (with gaming console steering wheel and pedal...

Introduction Advising patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) about whether they are safe to drive is challenging. Driving simulator studies have shown that OSAS patients perform poorly (Hack et al, 2001) but most simulators are simple, not realistic and in particular lack face validity, for example, multiple off road events during a...

Road authorities considering the implementation of speed management interventions should have access to the results of scientifically robust evaluations on which to base their decisions. However, studies that evaluate a diverse range of interventions with comparable metrics are rare, with most focussing on one type, for example, types of signage, p...

Driver distraction by in-vehicle tasks has a negative impact on driving performance and crash risk. This paper describes a study investigating the effect of interacting with a surrogate in-vehicle system task -- requiring a two-choice speeded response -- in close temporal proximity to a subsequent lead vehicle braking event. The purpose of the stud...

Notable increases in motorcycling activities since the mid-1990s have been reported in a number of countries worldwide. Governments and enforcement agencies have begun to recognise that not only has this mode of transport been neglected in terms of safety interventions, but also that the reasons behind the increase in popularity are poorly understo...

Whilst empirical evidence is available concerning the effect of some aspects of driving behaviour on safety (e.g. speed choice), there is scant knowledge about safety thresholds, i.e. the point at which behaviour can be considered unsafe. Furthermore, it is almost impossible to ascertain the interaction between various aspects of driving behaviour....

Active pedestrian protection systems can mitigate the outcome of a collision. This study investigated whether an active bonnet could have any negative impacts on the driver as, when deployed, it partially occludes the driver's visual field. When the bonnet was deployed, drivers decreased their speed. On straights, drivers maintained their speed and...

Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) is one of the most promising new technologies for reducing the prevalence and severity of speed-related accidents. Such a system could be implemented in a number of ways, representing various “levels of control” over the driver. An ISA system could be purely advisory or could actually control the maximum speed of...

Variable message signs (VMS) can provide immediate and relevant information to road users and bilingual VMS can provide great flexibility in countries where a significant proportion of the population speak an alternative language to the majority. The study reported here evaluates the effect of various bilingual VMS configurations on driver behaviou...

This study evaluated a number of techniques that could be employed to reduce the amount of time drivers spend searching and reading bilingual signs. Using a tachistoscope, monolingual and Welsh bilingual participants were presented with various configurations of bilingual signing. The amount of information was varied (i.e. the number of lines) and...

Rural A roads in the UK (speed limit typically 100 km/h) have a higher accident involvement rate than motorways and the highest accident involvement rate for fatal accidents compared to all other road types. A high proportion of these accidents occur on curves. This study developed and tested four speed-reducing methods (Variable Message Sign, in-c...

It has been suggested that speed limiters will have the most impact on vehicle speeds and hence road safety in general. Whilst it is technically feasible to develop a functional speed control system, it may be more difficult to design a system that drivers actually wish to use. It is essential that drivers’ acceptability towards speed limiters is g...

Traditional methods of speed reduction such as traffic calming and enforcement tend to have only local effects. A global speed reducing measure, Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) which restricts drivers to the posted speed limit is being considered as an alternative. This paper reports a driving simulator study that evaluated the effects of such a...