Salman Siddique

This article presents an insight into the effects of amino acids on the moisture susceptibility, nanomechanical properties, and fracture properties of carbonated wollastonite composites. Paste samples containing various concentrations of amino acids were subjected to a CO 2-rich environment. The addition of amino acids resulted in the formation of...

Dolomite production waste is a by-product generated by dolomite mining, causing environmental pollution and other associated issues worldwide. In this experimental study, the use of the dolomite production waste in concrete was investigated, which has not been explored yet in any past literature studies. Natural river sand was substituted with the...

The negative environmental impacts of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)-based materials, including high carbon emission, energy-intensive manufacturing process, and freshwater consumption, can be minimized by capitalizing on the concepts of ancient Roman concrete. Accordingly, this study presents a pathway of producing durable and sustainable seawater...

The conventional disposal methods of waste tires are harmful to the environment. Moreover, the recycling/reuse of waste tires in domestic and industrial applications is limited due to parent product’s quality control and environmental concerns. Additionally, the recycling industry often prefers powdered rubber particles (<0.60 mm). However, the pro...

Mining and extraction of stones and minerals play a significant role in many countries economic growth in the world. The production of dolomite minerals in various industries in India and other countries produces vast amounts of waste in different fractions. Disposal of these types of industrial wastes in an immense quantity causes environmental po...

This research investigation has mainly focused on the development of cementless concrete, i.e., geopolymer concrete, along with the reutilization of industrial fine granite waste powder (FGWP). FGWP was re-utilized as fractional substitution of natural fine sand (NFS) in the manufacturing of geopolymer concrete in varying amounts—0%, 5%, 10%, 15% a...

Development of concrete as a construction material is most extensively used, around the world, leading to its inadvertent over exploitation. The extraction of the natural constituents of concrete, namely gravel and sand has a huge environmental impact. The insatiable demand for infrastructural development has led to the exploration of alternate con...

This study presented an insight into the mechanical and microstructural properties of carbonated composites produced using slag, wollastonite, and magnesia. Paste batches containing various dosages of slag, wollastonite, and magnesia were subjected to carbonation curing regime at a concentration of 20% CO 2 , 50 • C temperature, and 80% relative hu...

The present study aims to investigate the residual properties of carbonation-cured belite-rich cement mortar exposed to a high temperature. The mortar was carbonation-cured with a 10% CO2 concentration for 28 days and was then exposed to elevated temperatures of 300 °C, 600 °C, 900 °C and 1200 °C. The findings revealed that the heat resistance of a...

Construction industries consume a large part of the natural resources in the production of concrete. Utilization of the waste in concrete has gained interest due to the development in the construction structure and depletion of natural resources. This article reviews the utilization of dolomite industrial waste in sustainable concrete production. D...

This study presents an investigation of the effects of the precursor, alkalinity and temperature on the rheology and structural buildup of alkali activated materials. Here, 100% fly ash, 100% slag and blended mixes of fly ash and slag were activated by 4 M, 6 M, 8 M or 10 M (only for sodium hydroxide) solutions at 25 �C, 35 �C, 45 �C and 55 �C. The...

This study investigates the incorporation of circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash as an activator and CFBC bottom ash as fine aggregate in high-volume slag cement mortar. A series of investigations were carried out to analyze the influence of CFBC ash products on the properties of mortar. For comparison, control specimens of ordinary...

The production of cement concrete composites usually results in high emissions of CO 2 which results in severe damage to environment. Therefore, investigations are required to study and report materials that can be used as environmentally friendly binders. The present study is aimed at investigating and improving the supplementary cementitious beha...

In the present study, the efficiency of five different carbonation and/or water curing conditions on the properties of belite-rich cement mortar and ordinary Portland cement mortar was investigated. The hybrid curing of samples was carried out by submerging samples at different levels in water or in a lime-saturated solution kept under carbonation...

Lightweight aggregate concrete is an innovative building material used to reduce the self-weight of a high-rise building. Recently, the use of lightweight aggregate in construction is increasing immensely due to its performance during an earthquake. Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) is a solution for the achievement of sustainability in the con...

The present study investigates the microstructure and durability of alkali-activated fly ash made with seawater against acid and sulfate attacks. Seawater along with pure water and tap water was used as solvent to produce alkali-activated fly ash. Investigations were carried out to examine the effects of 3% acidic and 3% sulfate environments on the...

This article investigates the suitability of utilizing end of life rubber tyre particles in concrete as fine aggregate. Rubber ash and rubber fibers were used to develop two series of rubber ash concrete (series I) and hybrid concrete (series II) mixes. The natural fine aggregate was replaced by rubber ash (by volume of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) in ser...

This study assesses the characteristics of preplaced aggregate concrete prepared with alkali-activated cement grout as an adhesive binder. Various binary blends of slag and fly ash without fine aggregate as a filler material were considered along with different solution-to-solid ratios. The properties of fresh and hardened grout along with the prop...

Granite mining, cutting and processing generates huge amount of waste which is dumped in open landfills. The objective of this research is to fabricate mortar incorporating granite production dust which would be sustainable and durable. A detailed experimental outline was planned to fabricate 1:4 and 1:6 cement mortar mixes as partial/full substitu...

Increased efficacy of fiber incorporation in self-compacting cementitious mixes (SCM) (mortar and concrete) has resulted in increased demand for virgin fibers. Production of virgin fibers consumes natural resources, which is an environmental concern. Researchers have investigated different waste originated fibers as an alternative to virgin fibers...

The present study demonstrates the mixing process of lime stabilized fly ash bricks. In India, fly ash bricks are gaining popularity against fired clay bricks due to their green benefits. However, the lack of technical guidelines on mixing methodology, and disproportionate moisture content in raw materials adversely affect the performance and produ...

The improper disposal of waste rubber tires leads to severe environmental and health issues, which can be mitigated through the use of waste tire rubber particles as construction material. In the present study, use of fiber shaped rubber particles has been explored as fine aggregates (up to 25%) in self-compacting mortar (SCM). Fresh state properti...

The present study deals with the investigation of durability properties of reinforced concrete fabricated by incorporating fiber type rubber shreds as fine aggregate in concrete and silica fume as a supplementary cementitious material. Concrete designs were produced to replace natural fine aggregate and cement by rubber shreds, and silica fume, res...

The present study investigates the effect of partial replacement of conventional pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash with circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) ash in alkali activated material. The alkali activated material was produced by using sodium hydroxide (4M, 5M and 6M) and sodium silicate solution. The characteristics of alkali...

The present study investigates the effect of water to cement ratio on the physiochemical and microstructural properties of carbonation cured belite-rich cement. Five varying water to cement ratio for belite-rich cement were carbonation cured for 28 days. It is observed that distinct form of behavior is exhibited on variation of water to cement rati...

Application of concrete for pavement and barrier purposes demands ample energy absorption capacity and impact resistance characteristics. These attributes were investigated for concrete produced by using waste plastic shredded fibers (WPSF), which were obtained by shredding waste plastic bags. The WPSF were incorporated in concrete at an amount of...

The rapid infrastructure development in India has given rise to problems regarding management of construction and demolition waste. On the other hand, the negative impact of mining for natural resources has raised serious concerns about the environment. The government of India recognising the need of alternative aggregates for concrete permitted th...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential of sea water as a feasible alternative to produce alkali-activated fly ash material. The alkali-activated fly ash binder was fabricated by employing conventional pure water, tap water, and sea water based alkali activating solution. The characteristics of alkali-activated materials were e...

The present study investigates the mechanical properties and durability of cement mortar incorporating molybdenum mine tailings as a filler material in an effort to report any suitable recycling potential. Molybdenum mine tailings are a type of mineral waste obtained from the mining industry. The proper disposal of mine tailings is an important cha...

The productive utilization of the vast amount of industrial ash generated is of economic and environmen-tal importance. The use of industrial ash in brick manufacturing gives the two-fold advantage of thereduced cost of fly ash bricks as well as efficient disposal of industrial ash. However, due to variationsin chemical characteristics in the vario...

Plastic bags (PB) have become a requisite part of human beings in the present time. Hundreds of varieties of plastic bags are used for packing and protecting general things. The disposal of PB is a prime environmental problem which significantly threatens the environment, as its disposal affects fertility of land due to its non-biodegradable nature...

The proper management of a vast amount of fly ash generated by various industries is of economic and environmental importance. The current study characterizes six different types of fly ash to understand their potential as a building material. The different types of fly ash were characterized by employing X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and identifying the...

The effect of waste glass as fine aggregate in concrete mixes was investigated at nano-level by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. In this technique, cantilever arm was operated in tapping mode on concrete samples to classify different phases such as CSH gel, un-hydrated cement particles and voids. The present study also examines the ro...

The present study investigates the effect of calcined waste oyster shell powder as additive on the fresh, hardened and microstructural properties of high volume slag cement. The results provide that addition of calcined oyster shell powder enhanced the early age compressive strength. The hydration of calcined oyster shell powder resulted in additio...

The current study focusses on the utilisation of stone processing dust (SPD) on the properties of concrete. The stone processing dust was used as a fine aggregate (up to 100%) for reducing the requirement of river sand in the production of concrete. The incorporation of 30% stone processing dust was found to improve the mechanical and durability pr...

Considering scarcity of natural sand, waste rubber tyre can be an alternate ingredient for replacement of conventional fine aggregates in the production of concrete. Use of the waste rubber tyre in building materials is beneficial from sustainable and economical points of view. A systematic and comprehensive experimental study was conducted earlier...

Waste rubber tyres in crumb aggregate form have been extensively studied (mechanical and durability performance) to produce reinforced structural elements. Rubber powder (incinerated tyres) and rubber fibers (shredded tyres) are two different forms of aggregate that require similar durability based evaluations for structural applications. Hence in...

Recycled fibers (RF) have demonstrated a sustainable solution in the generation of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), but their flexural performance is still under study. This paper shows the flexural behavior of 15 FRC´s specimens with different aspect ratio and dosage of RF, to understand how these parameters affect their performance. In addition,...

The invention of plastic was a ground-breaking phenomenon which revolutionised the industrial output of the world. However, low rate of biodegradability and poor waste management practices led to accumulation of huge amount of plastic waste. The current study is focussed on the development of fine aggregate by shredding poly-ethylene terephthalate...

Rubber fibers are manufactured by mechanical shredding of waste rubber tyres. The disposal of waste tyres is becoming a concern in developing countries witnessing an automobile boom. The current studies considers replacement of natural fine aggregate in concrete by rubber fibers. Investigation regarding the influence of elevated temperature on prop...

The rapid infrastrucutre development in India has given rise to problems regarding management of construction and demolition waste. On the other hand the negative impact of minning for natural resources has raised serious concerns about the environmnet. The government of India recognising the need of alternative aggregates for concrete permitted th...

This study focuses on the acid resistance of fine bone china ceramic aggregate (FBCA) concrete. Natural sand was partially and fully replaced by FBCA. The concrete specimens were exposed to 3% sulphuric acid solution up to 180 days. The main parameters identified were change in mass, compressive strength and microstructural changes. The changes in...

The accumulation of waste plastic worldwide creates serious environmental concerns. In the present study, efforts were made to utilize shredded plastic bags as concrete additive materials. Therefore, the workability, density, compressive and flexural strength, water permeability, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity and abrasion resistance prop...

This study deals with the results of sulphate attack on concrete containing fine bone china ceramic aggregate (BCFA). Natural river sand in concrete was substituted by 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% fine bone china aggregate. The concrete specimens were submerged in 3% MgSO4 solution for 7, 28, 90 and 180 days. The influence of sulphate solution w...

A large amount of ceramic waste is produced in the form of deformed or broken ceramic products. A suitable waste recycling outlet for ceramic waste is to replace natural fine aggregates in concrete. One of the concerns with using alternative building materials is the durability performance under adverse environmental conditions. The present researc...

Fine ceramic aggregates prepared from various types of tableware bone china ceramic was used in concrete. The raw fine bone china aggregates were evaluated for pozzolanic activity using the Frattini test, saturated lime test, and strength activity index test. The com-pressive strength results showed that up to 60% of the fine bone china ceramic agg...

Lateral force microscopy was employed to study the influence of rubber ash on the microstructure of concrete. Tapping mode LFM images of microstructure were obtained to observe the calcium silicate hydrate gel in concrete mixes. The roughness parameters and roughness distribution of the scanned area were also determined. The results show that incor...

PET (Polythene terephthalate) bottles and cans are mostly discarded after a single use cycle, creating environmental and waste management concerns. This study reports an experimental work carried out, in which PET bottles were shredded and used as aggregate (fine and coarse) in concrete at various replacement percentages, i.e., 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%...

To suggest an alternative raw material for concrete, its role in the hydration mechanism and water durability characteristics is required to be understood. This article assesses the water based durability properties of concrete containing bone china ceramic fine aggregates (BCCFA). For this study, BCCFA was utilised as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 10...

The residual properties of concrete subjected to elevated temperature are of importance to assess the stability of the structure. This paper investigates the performance of concrete containing white ware ceramic sand exposed to elevated temperature. Concrete mixes containing 0%, 50%, and 100% ceramic sand were prepared. The specimen were exposed to...

This article examines the mechanical and impact resistance properties of concrete incorporating fine bone china ceramic aggregate. Three different concrete mixes with varying water-to-binder ratios containing different substitutions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of fine bone china ceramic aggregate as fine aggregate were prepared. The mechanica...

The effects of fine bone china ceramic aggregate on the nanostructure properties of concrete were studied through Lateral Force Microscopy (LFM). The LFM tapping mode technique was used on concrete samples to observe the different phases of concrete such as CSH and pores. Roughness of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregate and ceme...

Accumulation of the waste tire is a major problem as degradation of these tires is extensively difficult. The results of experimental studies available for rubberized concrete provide a strong recommendation for the use of this waste where strength is not a major concern. The effect of partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste rubber fiber on...

Dynamic loading may severely compromise the functional performance of concrete. The present study examined the effects of the partial replacement of fine aggregates with rubber ash (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and hybrid rubber waste (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% of rubber fiber with 10% constant rubber ash) on the response of concrete to impact and fatigu...

This study investigated bone china ceramic waste as fine aggregates and its effect on the fresh state properties of concrete. The workability, fresh density, bleeding, air content and compressive strength were examined to assess the effect of bone china ceramic fine aggregate on the properties of concrete. The water absorption of bone china aggrega...