Salah I. Yahya

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Verified

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• Ph.D. in MW & Communication Engineering
• Professor (Full) at Koya University

This paper proposes an intelligent photonic crystal-based optical sensor designed for the first time to accurately measure glycerol-water concentration and temperature. The proposed sensor features a novel two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal structure with an optimized waveguide configuration to enhance refractive index sensitivity. The sensor st...

In this paper, a compact hybrid ring coupler is designed, simulated, and fabricated to achieve both size reduction and unwanted harmonic suppression in the L-band frequency range. As the demand for miniaturized and high-performance microwave components increases, reducing the footprint of passive devices such as couplers has become a key objective...

In this paper, design and modeling of an all-optical 2×1 multiplexer based on 2D photonic crystals and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are presented. The proposed structure aims to maximize the difference between the output powers in logical states, which is critical for enhancing the system ability to distinguish between these states. In this st...

This paper presents the design and optimization of a compact 900 MHz hybrid ring coupler using lumped reactive components, aimed at achieving harmonic suppression and size reduction for Radio Frequency (RF) applications. Traditional hybrid ring couplers rely on quarter-wavelength transmission lines, resulting in large size device and limited harmon...

In this paper, a new structure, to our knowledge, for an optical half-subtractor using periodic photonic crystal structures is presented. The difference between this structure and previous ones is that a deep neural network (DNN) is used to optimize the proposed structure. A network composed of silicon rods in air is utilized to achieve the desired...

The optical half-adder is one of the important components in the design of optical digital circuits. In this study, an optical half-adder based on two-dimensional photonic crystals with a square lattice has been designed, optimized, and simulated. A feedforward neural network model is used to achieve the optimal state by selecting the defect rod di...

In this paper, a microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) with a wide stopband and a sharp transition band is presented using a windmill-shaped resonator. Traditional LPF designs often face challenges such as narrow stopbands, high insertion loss, and large physical sizes, which limit their performance in modern communication systems. To address these chal...

The power splitter, also known as power divider, is a microstrip component that typically has one input and two or more outputs. The initial design of Wilkinson power splitter for use in modern circuits faces challenges, such as large dimensions, harmonic generation issues, high overall cost, and limited bandwidth and frequency range. In this paper...

In this paper, a novel approach to design a photonic crystal exclusive-OR (XOR) gate with high performance using recurrent neural network (RNN) is proposed, integrating the principles of symmetry and asymmetry inherent in photonic structures. The proposed model realizes the nonlinearities and dispersion properties in photonic systems, optimizing th...

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of microstrip passive components for energy harvesting and 5G applications. The paper covers the structure, fabrication and performance of various microstrip passive components such as filters, couplers, diplexers and triplexers. The size and performance of several 5G and energy harvester microstr...

In this paper, a new microstrip triplexer is designed to work at 2.5 GHz, 4.4 GHz and 6 GHz for mid-band 5G applications. All channels are flat with three low group delays (GDs) of 0.84 ns, 0.75 ns and 0.49 ns, respectively. Compared to the previously reported works, the proposed triplexer has the minimum group delay. The designed triplexer has 18....

In wireless communication, the microstrip triplexer is considered a promising solution for efficiently transmitting large quantities of data by enabling the combination or separation of three signals on the same transmission channel. In this context, this paper presents a new octagonal triplexer, which operates at 3.5, 5 and 6 GHz. The proposed str...

This research presents a novel microstrip configuration for a lowpass-bandpass triplexer. To design this triplexer, first a lowpass filter (LPF) with some empty spaces is designed. Then, two microstrip sections are embedded inside the empty spaces to create bandpass (BP) channels. Therefore, this triplexer occupies a very small size of 0.003 λg 2 ....

In this paper, a compact and simple structure of an elliptic microstrip lowpass flter (LPF) is designed for harmonic suppression in microwave quadrature hybrid coupler (QHC) applications. A radial resonator and a rectangular resonator are used to produce an elliptic LPF. Te proposed LPF is used on the outer sides of the branch line coupler, which h...

Based on stub loaded meandrous coupled lines, a novel microstrip coupler is designed, fabricated and measured for wireless applications. It is very compact with high performance. The size of this coupler is only 0.0028 λg <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where it operates at 87...

Microstrip couplers play a crucial role in signal processing and transmission in various applications, including RF and wireless communication, radar systems, and satellites. In this work, a novel microstrip 180° coupler is designed, fabricated and measured. The layout configuration of this coupler is completely new and different from the previousl...

This paper introduces a new method for creating an all-optical AND gate by utilizing a two-dimensional photonic crystal configuration for the first time. This gate design is intended for applications in optical computing and all-optical logic, offering the potential for rapid computation and parallel processing. The described gate is characterized...

In this paper, a new structure of the quadrature hybrid coupler (QHC) with compact size is proposed using capacitive composite lines and meandered open stubs. The proposed coupler works at 1.6 GHz with a 0.4 GHz bandwidth, which shows 25% fractional bandwidth (FBW). The proposed QHC occupies only 15 mm × 15 mm (0.12 λ × 0.12 λ), while the typical Q...

In this paper, several types of microstrip power divider are studied and compared in terms of harmonics suppression and size reductions. The importance of this research lies in the fact that power dividers are critical components in various communication systems, and their performance directly affects the overall system efficiency. The conventional...

As one of the important components of internet of things (IOT) systems, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags need to be improved in terms of power consumption, size reduction and coding capacity. In conventional methods, designers focus on optimizing resonators, but by focusing on the use of phase coding, a new method can be presented that re...

In this work, a microstrip diplexer with 0.004 λg2 (10.1 × 23 mm) overall size is designed, analyzed and fabricated. The proposed diplexer has the smallest size compared to the previously reported microstrip diplexers. The proposed diplexer has a simple and novel structure, wide flat channels and very low \(\left| {S_{11} } \right|_{dB}\). An innov...

In this paper, a compact filtering coupler is presented using a new microstrip configuration. To improve the frequency response, achieve good phase balance and reduce the losses of the proposed coupler, an optimization method is used along with a mathematical analysis method. Our coupler works at 1.9 GHz, which is suitable for 5G and GSM applicatio...

A novel compact microstrip diplexer based on spiral cells is presented in this paper. The proposed resonator primarily consists of two spiral thin lines connected to a pair of coupled lines. This novel resonator is analyzed mathematically to find its behavior and tune the dimensions of the final layout easily. Using the analyzed resonator, two band...

Symmetry in designing a microstrip coupler is crucial because it ensures balanced power division and minimizes unwanted coupling between the coupled lines. In this paper, a filtering branch-line coupler (BLC) with a simple symmetrical microstrip structure was designed, analyzed and fabricated. Based on a mathematical design procedure, the operating...

This paper presents a novel approach to reducing undesirable coupling in antenna arrays using custom-designed resonators and inverse surrogate modeling. To illustrate the concept, two standard patch antenna cells with 0.07λ edge-to-edge distance were designed and fabricated to operate at 2.45 GHz. A stepped-impedance resonator was applied between t...

A new microstrip triplexer with a compact size of 0.007 λ g 2 is proposed in this work, where designing a microstrip triplexer with a size less than 0.01 λ g 2 is a big challenge. In addition to the compact size, it shows a high performance i.e. its channels are wide with low insertion losses. Moreover, the channels are flat with three low group de...

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for designing a low-pass filter (LPF) and a microstrip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) using a neural network surrogate model. The proposed algorithm is applicable to various microwave devices, enhancing their performance and frequency response. Desirable output parameters can be achieved for the designed LPF a...

In this paper, a compact microstrip rat-race coupler at a 950 MHz operating frequency is designed, simulated, and fabricated. New branches are proposed in this design using high-/low- impedance open-ended resonators. In the conventional rat-race coupler, there are three long λ/4 branches and a 3λ/4 branch, and they occupy a very large area. In the...

In this letter, novel spiral-coupled transmission lines are used to obtain a high-performance microstrip coupler. The advantages of the proposed microstrip coupler are novel structure, filtering frequency response, suppressed harmonics up to second harmonics, transmission poles, low losses, compact size, and good phase balance. The proposed structu...

Global concerns regarding environmental preservation and energy sustainability have emerged due to the various impacts of constantly increasing energy demands and climate changes. With advancements in smart grid, edge computing, and Metaverse-based technologies, it has become apparent that conventional private power networks are insufficient to mee...

Symmetry is essential in the design of complex systems like the Metaverse Transportation Sys-tem (MTS) and helps ensure that all components work together effectively. In the development of a microstrip diplexer for 5G-enabled IoT and MTS, maintaining symmetry is crucial to achieving flat responses with low group delays. By integrating transportatio...

The higher heating value (HHV) is the main property showing the energy amount of biomass samples. Several linear correlations based on either the proximate or the ultimate analysis have already been proposed for predicting biomass HHV. Since the HHV relationship with the proximate and ultimate analyses is not linear, nonlinear models might be a bet...

In this paper, two novel dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) and a compact quad-channel diplexer working at 1.7/3.3 GHz and 1.9/3.6 GHz are proposed. In the proposed diplexer design, triangular loop resonators and rectangular loop resonators are used together to reduce the circuit size and improve diplexer performances. Insertion loss (IL) and return...

Implementation of neural networks in case of hardware helps us to understand the different parts of the human brain operation, using artificial intelligence (AI). This paper presents a new model of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) Neuron that is based on basic polynomial functions called Nyquist‐look up table‐Hindmarsh–Rose (N‐LUT‐HR) based on an accurate s...

In this paper, several types of microstrip couplers are investigated in terms of structure, performance, and design methods. These planar 4-ports passive devices transmit a signal through two different channels. Designers' competition has always been in miniaturizing and improving performance of couplers. Proposing a novel structure is an advantage...

This paper presents the design of a novel lowpass–bandpass diplexer with compact size and good performance using microstrip cells. For this purpose, two microstrip lowpass and bandpass filters are separately designed and mathematically analyzed. The proposed microstrip diplexer has a novel and simple structure. It occupies a compact area of 0.037 λ...

The study, simulation, and implementation of neural behavior in the human brain are central goals of neuromorphic engineering. By integrating various scientific fields, we present a hardware solution based on neuronal cell mechanisms that can emulate such a nature-inspired system. This article presents a Fitz-Hugh Nagumo (FHN) neuron implemented us...

In this paper, new LC lumped components and composite lines are used to create a filtering branch line coupler (FBLC) with a small size and wide suppression band. New composite lines are proposed using applied LC lumped components, which are used as the coupler main branches. The proposed FBLC suppresses second to sixth harmonics with high attentio...

This article investigates a geothermal energy-based cycle to produce power, cooling, and fresh water, using humidification-dehumidification technology. Energy, exergy, and exergo-economic analysis have been performed for a geothermal cycle and a proposed cycle that is an improvement of the basic cycle. Comparative analysis for the new cycle has bee...

This paper presents a new approach to simplify the design of class-E power amplifier (PA) using hybrid artificial neural-optimization network modeling. The class-E PA is designed for wireless power transfer (WPT) applications to be used in biomedical or internet of things (IoT) devices. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are combined with optim...

This paper proposes an ultra-compact filtering power divider with a wide harmonic suppression band. In this design, the proposed power divider (PD) in the ideal case has 100% size reduction and an infinite number of harmonics suppression. However, in the real case, the proposed divider has a 92% size reduction and suppresses the 2nd to 45th harmoni...

A power divider (PD) with a wide stopband and simple symmetric structure using open- and short-ended stubs is analyzed and implemented in this paper. In the proposed power divider, for the first time, the output resistor is divided into two sections and open- and short-ended stubs are used between the resistors. The incorporated open- and short-end...

Microstrip technology is widely applied for design and implementation of several communication devices such as filters, diplexers, triplexers, multiplexers, and couplers. They are utilized to isolate desired signals and remove disturbing signals. The layout of filters, diplexers, and triplexers have two, three, and four ports, respectively. Passive...

This paper presents an efficient theoretical design approach of a very compact microstrip diplexer for modern wireless communication system applications. The proposed basic resonator is made of coupled lines, simple transmission line and a shunt stub. The coupled lines and transmission line make a U-shape resonator while the shunt stub is loaded in...

This paper presents the design, analysis, and fabrication of a new miniaturized microstrip branch line coupler (BLC) with high harmonics suppression. The T-shaped resonators, open stubs cross-shaped resonators and radial stubs are used in the proposed coupler design. The designed BLC operates at 1 GHz frequency, which can suppress up to 5th spuriou...

The identical twins (Monozygotic) are siblings created from the division of one fertilized egg (zygote), so they will be identical in their genetic characteristics and therefore in their phenotypic traits to a very large extent. Among these traits is the voice or the voiceprint of these twins. This research aims to suggest a method to determine the...

Recently, high-performance multi-channel microstrip filters are widely demanded by modern multi-service communication systems. Designing these filters with both compact size and low loss is a challenge for the researchers. In this paper and for the first time, we have proposed a novel method based on artificial neural network to design and simulate...

The branch-line coupler (BLC) is an important device in radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) circuits. The main drawbacks of the conventional BLC are as follows: first, the four long quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line sections occupy a large size, especially at the low frequencies, and second, the presence of unwanted harmonics. This res...

A novel configuration of a dual-band bandpass filter (DB-BPF) working as a harmonic attenuator is introduced and fabricated. The proposed filter operates at 3 GHz, for ultra-high-frequency and super high-frequency applications, and 6.3 GHz, for wireless applications. The presented layout has a symmetric structure, which consists of coupled resonato...

In this work, we have used a novel adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method to design and fabricate a high-performance microstrip diplexer. For developing the proposed ANFIS model, the hybrid learning method consisting of least square estimation and back-propagation (BP) techniques is utilized. To achieve a compact diplexer, a designing...

A dual-band bandpass-bandpass microstrip diplexer with very small size and good performance is designed in this work. The proposed diplexer has a novel structure which is introduced for the first time in this paper. In comparison with the previously reported diplexers, it occupies the most compact size of 0.002 λg2 (226.7 mm2), fabricated on 0.787...

Recently, Biodiesels are found high popularity as environmentally friendly and renewable fuels. Suitable combustion, appropriate atomization process, high flash point, and proper cetane number approved biodiesels as potential alternative for petroleum-based diesel fuels. Since, characteristics of biodiesels as well as biodiesel-diesel blends are di...

Purity is one of the essential properties of biodiesel. Since the purity parameter depends on different operating conditions, its direct measurement is too hard and can only be obtained for specific ranges of conditions. Therefore, this work considers the least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) that transform operating conditions to a multi...

In this work, a new quad-band microstrip diplexer is designed and fabricated. It consists of two bandpass filters (BPFs) coupled to a U-shape junction. The proposed resonator is a novel stub-loaded U-shape structure. The design process is based on proposing and analysing an approximated LC model of the presented resonator so that the design method...

Operating fluids play an important role in heat transfer equipment. Water is inexpensive popular operating fluid with extensive applications, but its thermophysical properties are not good enough, especially for high temperature processes. Therefore, modification of its inherent characteristics by adding nano-sized solid particles found high popula...

In this paper, a computational intelligence method based on artificial neural network (ANN) is used to design and fabricate a high-performance microstrip diplexer. For a novel basic bandpass filter we have developed an ANN model with S-parameters and group delay (GD) as the outputs and frequency, substrate type, substrate thickness and physical dim...

In this work, a novel structure of a microstrip diplexer consisting of coupled patch cells is presented. It works at 2.5 GHz and 4.7 GHz for wireless applications. The proposed structure is well miniaturized with a compact area of 0.015 λ g 2 , fabricated on 0.787 mm substrate height. It has two wide fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 28% and 17.9% at...

This study presents a compact wide stopband microstrip diplexer which is designed based on a novel resonator structure. This novel resonator consists of a main hairpin cell loaded by a smaller hairpin and T‐shaped cells. The presented diplexer operates at 3.46 and 4.75 GHz for IEEE 802.16 worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and...

This paper presents a novel design of lowpass-bandpass microstrip diplexer using patch and interdigital cells. In comparison with the previously reported lowpass-bandpass diplexers, the proposed design has the most compact size with the overall area of 0.018 λg² (351.7 mm²) fabricated on 0.787 mm dielectric substrate height. The lowpass channel has...

This work presents a compact low-pass-bandpass microstrip diplexer with a novel configuration. It consists of a lowpass filter integrated with a bandpass filter via a simple compact junction. The proposed bandpass filter consists of four rectangular patch cells and some thin strips. The step impedance structures, with a radial cell, are applied to...

This study presents a planar dual‐channel bandpass microstrip diplexer based on a novel structure. It has the very compact size of 0.0081 λ g2 (95.7 mm2) fabricated on 0.787 mm dielectric substrate height. Due to the use of close microstrip sections, several coupling capacitors are created. These capacitors can increase the degree of freedom for co...

In this paper, a mathematical model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is used to design, fabricate and measure a quad-channel microstrip multiplexer. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network trained with back-propagation algorithm is adopted to model a new microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) based on a novel stub-loaded open-loop resonator....

The radiofrequency microstrip diplexers are widely demanded nowadays by modern wireless communication systems. Hence, several types of previously reported microstrip diplexers are reviewed and investigated in this work. Microstrip diplexers are three ports devices used for separating desired signals and delivering them through two (or more) differe...

In this paper, we have designed and fabricated a novel microstrip diplexer. It has two quite close channels at 1.67 GHz and 1.88 GHz make it suitable for FDD schemes and GSM applications. The proposed structure includes two coupled meandrous open loop resonators which are coupled to spiral cells. An approximated LC model of the presented resonator...

A novel high-performance microstrip diplexer is proposed and designed in this work. The design is based on patch and thin cells to operate at 0.78 GHz and 1.85 GHz for GSM applications. Owing to the symmetrical structure of the proposed resonator, the odd and even modes analyses are performed to get information about the resonator behavior. This in...

A novel structure to design a microstrip triplexer for wireless and WiMAX applications is presented. To obtain a compact microstrip layout, step impedance resonators and coupled lines are used. The introduced triplexer has a size of 0.35λg×0.26λg, where λg is calculated at 2.3 GHz. Also, the obtained insertion losses are 0.78 dB, 1.1 dB and 0.62 dB...

The possible biological hazards due to the mobile phone electromagnetic (EM) field exposure are caused mainly by a temperature rise in tissue. Hence, the calculation of temperature in tissue may be more realistic than the calculation of specific absorption rate (SAR) due to the more direct relationship between temperature and safety. The heat trans...

This work presents a novel microstrip dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) using meandros spirals and patch cells, which is proposed for the 1 st time by this work. It occupies a very compact size of 0.0017 λg 2. The proposed filter is designed to operate at F o1 = 0.85 GHz and F o2 = 1.85 GHz for Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)-850/ GSM-19...

In this paper, a novel miniaturized microstrip diplexer using two bandpass filters (BPFs) is designed and fabricated. The filters consist of stub loaded coupled lines. Additional stubs and T-shape feeding structures are added to miniaturize the size of the presented diplexer. With the adopted special structure, low insertion losses and compact size...

This paper presents a high performance microstrip diplexer based on a novel geometrical structure. The realized diplexer consists of coupled lines and semicircular structures. It operates at 2.58 GHz and 2.72 GHz, for GSM-4G and wireless applications. The diplexer channels are close to each other, which fulfill the frequency division duplex (FDD) a...

In this paper, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) to design a compact microstrip diplexer with wide fractional bandwidths (FBW) for wideband applications. For this purpose, a multilayer perceptron neural network model trained with the back-propagation algorithm is used. First, a novel resonator consists of coupled lines loaded by similar pat...

The widespread use of cell phones has led to cell phone towers being located in many communities. These towers, also called base stations, incorporate electronic equipment and antennas that receive and transmit radiofrequency signals. Along with the towers, used for TV and line of sight microwave communication, the proliferation of these base stati...

In this paper, membrane-based computing image segmentation, both region-based and edge-based, is proposed for medical images that involve two types of neighborhood relations between pixels. These neighborhood relations—namely, 4-adjacency and 8-adjacency of a membrane computing approach—construct a family of tissue-like P systems for segmenting act...

This paper uses P-Lingua, a standard programming language that is designed specifically for P systems, to automatically simulate the region-based segmentation of 2D images. P-Lingua, which is based on membrane computing, links to Java Netbeans using the PLinguaCore4 Java library to automatically codify the pixels of the input image as long as autom...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to excite the human cortex noninvasively as well as activates scalp muscles and sensory receptors. Since the field of the old traditional coils drops off quickly as it goes into the brain, a deep brain stimulation overstimulates the surface which is not only painful but also causes more effects on...