Salah Ouhamdouch

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• Dr at Cadi Ayyad University

The abandoned Sidi Bou Othmane mine, located 2.8 km northeast of Sidi Bou Othmane town and 35 km northwest of Marrakech city (a semi-arid climate region), produced lead and zinc ores from 1953 to 1980. It generated more than 140,000 t of solid waste that were stored next to the mine. Exposed to atmospheric conditions (air, water), the sulfides cont...

Mining can greatly affect water quality in nearby areas, especially when mines are abandoned and lead to contamination from tailings and drainage. This study examines the impact of the abandoned Zeïda lead mine on water sources in the Upper Moulouya region of northwestern Morocco. We aimed to evaluate water quality, understand geochemical processes...

Under arid and semi-arid climatic conditions, groundwater is a basic resource to meet the requirements of socioeconomic development. Better conservation of this resource requires understanding the functioning of aquifer systems by informing about the degree of its vulnerability, the hydrochemical processes that control it, as well as the mode and o...

In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater is the principal source of urban and rural water supply. Given that groundwater is the only source of water supply in the Haha region (Moroccan Atlantic coast), the evaluation of this vital resource, using the hydrogeochemical approach, is the main objective of this study. The interpretation of these analy...

Groundwater hydrochemical of coastal aquifers (Plio-Quaternary, Turonian, and Hauterivian) of Essaouira basin, Morocco, was used to evaluate the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation uses as well as to determine the processes controlling its mineralization. In this semi-arid coastal zone, The rock-water interaction (dissolution of evapori...

The negative effects of climate change on water resources from arid and semi-arid environments are of great interest to academics and policymakers. In this regard, this paper aims to assess the climate change impact on water resources within semi-arid environments, with a focus on the Essaouira Basin. To assess these effects we based on the isotopi...

In arid and semi-arid zones, water resources remain unknown in terms of quality and quantity. The current paper aims to evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes within the Essaouira basin and to define the origin and recharge areas of groundwater. 122 samples from the Plio-Quaternary, Cenomano-Turonian, and Hauterivian aquife...

Water stress is one of the factors controlling agricultural land salinization and is also a major problem worldwide. According to FAO and the most recent estimates, it already affects more than 400 million hectares. The Tafilalet plain in Southeastern Morocco suffers from soil salinization. In this regard, the GIS tools and remote sensing were used...

Pollution of soils, surface, and groundwater can be of natural or anthropogenic origin. Mine drainage is one of the sources of metal emissions into the environment, affecting the ecological systems and human population. In this respect, the abandoned Erdouz mine (Occidental High Atlas, Morocco) was used as an example. However, the objective of this...

The objective of the present study was to determine the geochemical processes that govern the groundwater mineralization within the Plio-Quaternary aquifer of Essaouira Basin in Western Morocco, and to assess the groundwater quality in this aquifer. 61 groundwater samples collected in June 1995 and June 2015 were analyzed for their physicochemical...

The suitability of groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses was assessed in the Essaouira basin (Morocco) using the water quality indices technique. The Essaouira basin is one of Morocco’s developing basins characterized by the dominance of rural areas. A total of 61 groundwater samples collected in July 2020 were analyzed for major ions (Ca2...

The objective of this work was to determine the groundwater quality from semi-arid areas using physicochemical parameters, main dissolved constituents, boron, and selected metals and by taking as an example the Plio-Quaternary and Turonian aquifers of the Essaouira basin from western Morocco. The piezometric map shows that the groundwater flow is f...

Marine intrusion phenomenon is the main phenomenon threatening the groundwater quality in coastal aquifers around the world. This phenomenon is generally caused by the overexploitation of aquifers, decline in the piezometric level and the rise in sea level under the climate change effect. There are several approaches to study and assess the marine...

This study aims to assess the effect of climate change on water resources in semi-arid environments, taking the Essaouira region in Morocco as an example. Analysis of climate data shows a decrease in precipitation of 12–16% and an increase in air temperature of 2.3 °C over the past three decades. A continuous drop in the piezometric level of more t...

Citation: Rafik, A.; Bahir, M.; Beljadid, A.; Ouazar, D.; Chehbouni, A.; Dhiba, D.; Ouhamdouch, S. Surface and Groundwater Characteristics within a Semi-Arid Environment Using Hydrochemical and Remote Sensing Techniques. Water 2021, 13, 277. http:// Abstract: The understanding of hydro systems is of great importance in monitoring quantitative and q...

The fully detailed results of the physico-chemical analyses and the calculated saturation indices used in our paper :"Groundwater Quality Characterization in an Overallocated Semi-Arid Coastal Area Using an Integrated Approach: Case of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco". DOI:10.3390/w12113202

The negative effects of climate change on water resources in arid and semi-arid environments are of great interest to academics and policymakers. In this regard, this work aims to assess the climate change impact on water resources within semi-arid environments, with a focus on the Essaouira Basin. The analysis of climate data shows a downward tren...

In this study, hydrogeochemical analyses were combined with geographic information system (GIS) tools to investigate salinization sources of groundwater in the downstream part of the Essaouira basin, and to analyze the spatiotemporal trends in groundwater quality. To assess groundwater suitability for drinking purposes, the quality of sampled water...

The relation between the hydrochemical variation and the marine intrusion in the coastal alluvial aquifer of Essaouira basin (Morocco) was characterized by the major ionic ratios, the ratio Br − /Cl − , the hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-Diagram), and by the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (δ 18 O and δ 2 H). The results of majo...

Climate change is undoubtedly becoming a subject of great concern for public authorities in all regions of the globe, in particular, the regions under Saharan, arid, and semi-arid climate. In this regard, this study aims to assess the effect of climate change on groundwater from semi-arid environments, taking the Essaouira basin as an example. The...

The aim of this present study was to evaluate groundwater quality in the upstream part of the Essaouira basin. A detailed geochemical study of groundwater region is described, and the origin of the chemical composition of groundwater has been qualitatively evaluated, using multivariate statistical methods (PCA, HCA), and Water Quality Index (WQI) w...

Hydrochemical, isotopy, and geostatistical approaches have been used to highlight the processes that control groundwater salinization in the detrital aquifer of Essaouira (Morocco). The hydrogeochemical approach shows that: (i) The dissolution of halite, gypsum, and/or anhydrite would contribute to the salinization of groundwater, (ii) the basic-ex...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the groundwater from semi-arid environment in the context of climate change by taking the Barremian-Aptian and Hauterivian aquifers of Essaouira basin (Morocco) as an example. For a period of 43 years (1976–2019), the piezometric level shows a continuous decline which reaches...

This study aims to assess the groundwater status of a basin in a semi-arid climate, based on the hydrogeochemical, piezometric, statistical and geographic information system (GIS) approach. The region held as an example is the upstream part of the Essaouira basin (Morocco). Analysis of the evolution of the rainfall series by applying the Pettitt an...

This study aims to assess the climate change impact on water resources of the Essaouira Basin (Morocco). The rainfall index shows a significant interannual variability which is organized in an alternation of the excess period (1940–1956), two deficit periods (1956–1986 and 1998–2015) separated by a normal period (1986–1998). The statistical approac...

The present paper aims to evaluate future changes in evapotranspiration and flows from semi-arid environments, using Essaouira basin (Morocco) as an example. In order to achieve this objective, the Rural Genius model (GR2M) has been used under representative concentration pathway (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CIM...

Groundwater is the most important natural resource required for drinking and agricultural purposes, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the groundwater quality of krimat aquifer and to identify the places with the best quality for drinking based on Water Quality Index (WQI) by using Geographical Info...

Morocco has 140 large dams with a total capacity of 17 Gm3. The amount of potential fresh water is decreased by sedimentation of clays and/or soil in the dam’s reservoirs. It is estimated at 70 million m3, surface evaporation and water loss by the banks and foundations. In this study, the environmental stable and radioactive isotopes together with...

The water resource is one of the main bases for the economic development of such a country. In recent decades, this resource has experienced a qualitative and quantitative degradation under the effect of global warming, especially in zones under arid and semi-arid climate as the case of Morocco. A better understanding of the relationship between cl...

Environmental stable and radioactive isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O; 3H and 14C), together with physical and geochemical data, were used in the determination of the origins of groundwater salinization and geochemical evolution processes in coastal regions. Two case studies on the Atlantic Coast are discussed, one located in the Essaouira sedimentary bas...

This study evaluated how the chemical and isotopic composition of the groundwater in the Cenomano-Turonian aquifer of the Essaouira basin from Morocco has changed in response to low annual rainfall associated with climate change during the period 1995–2018. The study of the chemical composition of groundwater shows a Cl–Ca–Mg type facies which was...

Comprehensive investigations of groundwater were performed in the Ouazzi Wadi area, north part of Essaouira basin, Western Morocco. In the present investigation, hydrogeochemical data together with environmental stable (¹⁸O, ²H, ¹³C) and radioactive (³H and ¹⁴C) were used to get an insight into the processes controlling groundwater mineralization a...

Geographical information system (GIS) is a very important tool in the management and protection of water resources, particularly in arid and semiarid zones. In this respect, the aquifer of Gareb-Bouareg was taken as an example and this by developing a predictive and useful decision-making tool for the control, planning, and management in real time...

This study aimed to identify the climate change effects on groundwater from the Essaouira basin (southwestern Morocco). The average precipitation is about 300 mm/year and the temperatures oscillate around 20°C. The present precipitation and temperature patterns and expected future changes (2018-2050) in Essaouira basin are investigated using the Ca...

This study aimed to identify the climate change effects on groundwater from the Essaouira basin (southwestern Morocco). The average precipitation is about 300 mm/year and the temperatures oscillate around 20°C. The present precipitation and temperature patterns and expected future changes (2018-2050) in Essaouira basin are investigated using the Ca...

Given the scarcity, or even absence, of surface water and the domination of the semi-arid climate in the coastal zone of the Essaouira basin (Morocco), the Plio-Quaternary, Turonian, Barremian–Aptian and Hauterivian aquifers represent the main source of water for fine consumption and agriculture. However, the study of their quality is a priority. S...

The objective of this study was to simulate future flows in Essaouira basin (Morocco) by 2050, using the two-variable Rural Engineering model at the monthly time step (GR2M). The quality criteria revealed very interesting values obtained from the model on the Igrounzar and Zelten stations of the Essaouira basin with Nash higher than 70% and R² high...

The determination of the relationship between hydrochemical variation and seawater intrusion within the coastal alluvial aquifer of the Essaouira basin (Morocco) was the main objective of this investigation. In order to achieve this objective, the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D) was used. The obtained results show that the hydrochemi...

The objective of this study was to simulate future flows in Essaouira 10 basin (Morocco) by 2050, using the two-variable Rural Engineering model at the 11 monthly time step (GR2M). The quality criteria revealed very interesting values 12 obtained from the model on the Igrounzar and Zelten stations of the Essaouira 13 basin with Nash higher than 70%...

The determination of the relationship between hydrochemical variation and the seawater intrusion within coastal alluvial aquifer of the Essaouira basin (Morocco) was the main object of this investigation. In order to achieve this object, the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D) was used. The obtained results show that the hydrochemical va...

Environmental stable and radioactive isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O; 3H and 14C), together with physical and geochemical data, were used in the determination of the origins of groundwater salinization and geochemical evolution processes in coastal regions. Two case studies on the Atlantic Coast are discussed, one located in the Essaouira sedimentary bas...

Environmental stable and radioactive isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O; 3H and 14C), together with physical and geochemical data, were used in the determination of the origins of groundwater salinization and geochemical evolution processes in coastal regions. Two case studies on the Atlantic Coast are discussed, one located in the Essaouira sedimentary bas...

The aquifer system of Essaouira basin is recognized as one of the most important aquifers in Morocco. The purpose of this study is to highlight the origin and the mechanisms responsible for the salinization of this aquifer system, thus based on the two hydrogeochemical and isotopic approaches. The results indicate that the central and downstream pa...

In arid and semi-arid areas, the groundwater is the main source of water supply and agricultural activity. Overexploitation of coastal aquifers and pollution vulnerability are among the main problems related to groundwater resources assessment and management in these zones. In fact, in the last decades, these resources have been threatened by a deg...

Global change will increase the pressure on water resources, especially in regions with high water scarcity like the arid and semi-arid part of Morocco. In this context and in according to the available data, this study aimed to identify the climate change effects on water resource in the Essaouira basin from southwestern Morocco. In this basin, th...

Detailed hydrochemical and stable isotopic data of groundwater were used to understand the geochemical processes occurring in the Wadi Ouazzi basin in Southwestern Morocco. Hydrogeochemical investigations show that the evaporite dissolution (halite and gypsum), followed by cation-exchange reactions with reservoir matrix and by sea spray, constitute...

Comme les bassins des zones arides et semi-arides, le bassin d’Essaouira est susceptible d’être à haut risque de pénurie d’eau en raison du changement climatique. Le bassin d’Essaouira qui fait l’objet de cette étude est situé sur la façade atlantique du Maroc au sud-est de la ville d’Essaouira. Il se caractérise par un climat semi-aride avec des p...

The groundwater in the plain of Essaouira Basin constitutes a major natural resource in the region, however the Climate aridity and intensive exploitation due to uncontrolled pumping for irrigation have caused a drastic decrease in the piezometric level of the aquifers in Essaouira basin, and have seriously degraded groundwater quality. The subject...

Study of the Cenomanian–Turonian and Plio–Quaternary aquifers of Essaouira basin (Western Morocco), based on the interpretation of geochemical (major elements) and isotopic (¹⁸O, ²H, ¹³C and ¹⁴C) data, has aided the understanding of the hydrodynamics of these aquifers, which is greatly affected by tectonics. Hydrochemical characteristics based on t...

Système d'aide à la décision pour la gestion de la ressource en eau en zones semi-arides-Cas de l'aquifère Gareb-Bouareg (Rif, Maroc) Decision support system for the management of water resources in semi-arid zones-Case of the Gareb-Bouareg aquifer (Rif, Morocco) Sistema de apoio à decisão para a gestão de recursos hídricos em zonas semiáridas-caso...

Detailed hydrochemical and stable isotopic data of groundwater were used to understand the geochemical processes occurring in the Wadi Ouazzi basin in Southwestern Morocco. Hydrogeochemical investigations show that the evaporite dissolution (halite and gypsum), followed by cation-exchange reactions with reservoir matrix and by sea spray, constitute...

During the last decades, a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature are observed from arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, changes in the water resource balance are expected. In this context, this study aimed to identify the climate change effects on groundwater from the Essaouira basin (southwestern Morocco). The average precip...

The study area is part of the semi-arid areas of Morocco. It is located about thirty kilometers south of the Essaouira city. It extends between the Tidziwadi to the north and the Amsittene anticline to the south with a surface of 250 km². According to the hydrogeological investigations, the waters of this region is circulating in the formations of...

The residues of the activities of polymetallic mines can be a source of pollution by heavy metals in the water resource as a result of the phenomenon of acid mine drainage (AMD). In this context, the present study was designed to evaluate the impact of the mining activity of DraaSfar South on the groundwater table of the Haouz Central, based on the...

The determination of the origin of salinity and mineralization of groundwater from the Plio-Quaternary aquifer of Essaouira Basin was the main goal of this research, investigated by the combined study of chemical (particularly Br and Cl) and isotopic (18 O and 2 H) compositions. The study of Br / Cl ratio vs Cl showed that mineralized waters of the...

One of the most important areas of current research is the impacts of climate change on climatic parameters, especially temperature and rainfall, as those have direct linkages with vegetation, agriculture and livelihood of people. This study attempts to analyse the possible future climatic changes in a semi-arid area, taking as an example Essaouira...

During the last decades, a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature are observed from arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, changes in the water resource balance are expected. In this context, this study aimed to identify the climate change effects on groundwater from the Essaouira basin (southwestern Morocco). The average precip...

One of the most important areas of current research is the impacts of climate change on climatic parameters, especially temperature and rainfall, as those have direct linkages with vegetation, agriculture and livelihood of people. This study attempts to analyse the possible future climatic changes in a semi-arid area, taking as an example Essaouira...

Les prévisions de changement climatique dans les zones arides et semi-arides sont d'un grand intérêt pour les universitaires et les décideurs. Durant les dernières décennies, une diminution des précipitations et une augmentation de la température de l'air sont observées. Donc, des changements dans l'équilibre de la ressource en eau sont attendus. D...

The geological setting of PQ and T aquifers system of Wadi Ouazi basin plays an important role in the geochemical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the groundwater systems, the most important source of water supply in Essaouira basin. The combination of hydrogeochemical and isotopic methodology applied in this investigation allowed a better under...

The determination of the origin of salinity and mineralization of groundwater from the Plio-Quaternary aquifer of Essaouira Basin was the main goal of this research, investigated by the combined study of chemical (particularly Br and Cl) and isotopic (18 O and 2 H) compositions. The study of Br / Cl ratio vs Cl showed that mineralized waters of the...

The present study was carried out with a final aim to develop a prediction and decision support tool which is particularly useful for the control, planning and real-time management of the increase in piezometric level of Gareb-Bouareg aquifer. Data from various sources were collected, processed and organized in a spatial coordinate system allowing...

Morocco have long had the challenge of providing sustainable livelihoods for their populations in the fragile ecosystems of semi-arid and arid areas, facing the challenging issues of water scarcity, drought, land degradation and desertification. Climate change as a reality places additional constraints on fragile ecosystems and limited natural reso...

The coastal aquifers in arid and semi-arid areas have increasingly qualitative and quantitative deterioration resulting from natural constraints (climate change) and anthropogenic (overexploitation and increased sources of pollution). This degradation is usually expressed by the increase in salinity and lowering of the groundwater level. The main o...

The strong growth in water demand in North Africa pushed the government to build more dams to increase the availability of water resources, naturally limited, and cope with the strong temporal irregularity (seasonal and interannual) of precipitation. The Morocco has 140 large dams with a total capacity of 17 Gm3. However, the amount of potential fr...

Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the global climate namely; the warming of the atmosphere and ocean, decrease in the extent of snow and ice and rising sea levels. In addition to population pressure, the Maghreb countries suffer from drought which accentuates the phenomenon of desertification and soil erosion and salinity, leading to sali...

The Essaouira coastal zone is one of the Moroccan semi-arid areas with annual rainfall not exceeding 300 mm/year. This area contains several main aquifers such as: The Plio-quaternary aquifer consisting of sandstones, the Turonian aquifer composed of chalk-dolomitic rocks, the Barremian-Aptian aquifer content in calcareous clay formations, fossil l...

Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the global climate namely; the warming of the atmosphere and ocean decreased the extent of snow and ice,and rising sea levels. In addition to population pressure, the Maghreb countries suffer from drought, which accentuates the phenomenon of desertification; soil erosion and salinity, leading to salinizat...

RESUME La variabilité climatique est un phénomène dont les causes sont difficiles à déterminer, peut se manifester par les épisodes récurrents de la sècheresse, la désertification, la rareté des eaux et changement de leur chimisme, et l'érosion des sols ainsi que leur salinisation. Cette variabilité peut avoir des effets sur les ressources naturell...

RESUME Cette étude entre dans le cadre de l'identification des facteurs influençant la minéralisation des eaux de l'aquifère Barrémien-Aptien du bassin d'Essaouira (Sud-Ouest Marocain). Pour effectuer cette investigation, 26 échantillons d'eau ont été récoltés et analysés en juin 2015. Les résultats des analyses chimiques ont été traités par les mé...

Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the climate of the globe, the warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, the decrease in the extent of snow and ice, and rising sea levels. In addition to the demographic pressure, the Maghreb countries are suffering from the drought, which accentuatesthe phenomenon of desertification and soil erosion, as w...

Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the global climate namely; the warming of the atmosphere and ocean decreased the extent of snow and ice,and rising sea levels. In addition to population pressure, the Maghreb countries suffer from drought, which accentuates the phenomenon of desertification; soil erosion and salinity, leading to salinizat...

The Maghreb countries Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are affected by the climate change, which is manifested by the tendency to increased temperatures and decreased rainfall. This has several negative effects on natural resources such as water resources. Among them: (i) The scarcity of water resources. (ii) The increased salinization of soil and, con...

The Maghreb countries Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are affected by the climate change, which is manifested by the tendency to increased temperatures and decreased rainfall. This has several negative effects on natural resources such as water resources. Among them: (i) The scarcity of water resources. (ii) The increased salinization of soil and, con...

The Maghreb countries Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are affected by the climate change, which is manifested by the tendency to increased temperatures and decreased rainfall. This has several negative effects on natural resources such as water resources. Among them: (i) The scarcity of water resources. (ii) The increased salinization of soil and, con...

La zone synclinale d’Essaouira fait partie des zones semi-arides du Maroc avec des précipitations très irrégulières qui ne dépassent pas les 300mm/an. La température moyenne oscille autour de 20°C. Elle est soumise aux incidences des conditions climatiques et des pressions anthropiques. La population de cette région souffre d’une pénurie d’eau et d...

La zone synclinale d’Essaouira fait partie des zones semi-arides du Maroc avec des précipitations très irrégulières qui ne dépassent pas les 300mm/an. La température moyenne oscille autour de 20°C. Dans cette zone les habitants souffrent d’une pénurie d’eau souvent aggravée par des périodes excessives de sècheresse. Dans ces conditions et en absenc...