Salah M. Azwai

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Verified

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• BVSc, MVSc, PhD.
• Immunobiologist. at University of Tripoli

The bioactive algal components that contribute to their antimicrobial properties have garnered significant attention, particularly in light of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a Petalonia fascia methanolic extract and to explore the potentiation action of extract–antibi...

Background and Aim Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of clinical and asymptomatic mastitis in dairy cattle, as well as in milk and dairy products that affect milk quality. Mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae is even more serious due to its poor response to antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to detect and identify the pr...

Background Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be severe leading to death. Natural compounds from marine algae namely flavonoids may play a role in the remedy of this condition. Aim This research aims to assess the potency of flavonoids extracted from Enteromorpha int...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of clinical and asymptomatic mastitis in dairy cattle, also in milk and dairy products affecting its quality. Mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae is even more serious due to its poor response to antibiotic therapy. This study was conducted to detect and identify the presence of K. pneumoniae in mi...

Background: Cronobacter species are the most significant foodborne pathogens in infant milk formula (IMF). These pathogens have been incriminated in sever forms of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis with high mortality rate. Aim: The current study was performed to elucidate the effect of heat stress on Cronobacter spp. (C. s...

Macroalgae are a valuable source of highly bioactive primary and secondary metabolites that may have useful bioapplications. To investigate the nutritional and nonnutritional contents of underexploited edible seaweeds, proximate composition, including protein, fat, ash, vitamins A, C, and E, and niacin, as well as important phytochemicals, includin...

Background: Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen shown to be responsible for many neonatal outbreaks with high mortality rate and is remarkably known to resist desiccation and survive in powder infant formula (PIF) for extended period of time. C. pulveris is also important as a newly developed foodborne pathogen but there is not yet enough...

Background and Aim: Foodborne illnesses are a serious challenge to human health and the economic sector. For example, salmonellosis remains a burden in developed and developing nations. Rapid and reliable molecular methods to identify Salmonella strains are essential for minimizing human infection. This study aimed to identify Salmonella spp. in ra...

The main objective of this study was to characterize bacteria isolated from seafood, meat and meat products that may cause foodborne illnesses. We plan to use this data to help create a baseline for future research into foodborne illness in Libya. Several food-borne organisms in the genus Vibrio produce a variety of clinical disorders, including se...

Algal alkaloids are widely used for their pharmacological properties as antimicrobial agents. This study determined the antibacterial activities of algal alkaloid-rich extracts against isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157, as well as the probable mode of action underlying their an...

Background: Whole muscle meat, meat products, and seafood contain different nutrients in adequate quantity providing a better environment for presence and replication of different microorganisms. There are underreported and inaccurate estimations of foodborne diseases due to the lack of effective surveillance systems in Libya. Aim: To determine...

Natural products including alkaloids from algae may provide alternative source for new natural antioxidants due to their novel structure. In the present study the antioxidant properties of alkaloids extracted from Sargassum hornschuchii and Cystoseira compressa were assessed using various in vitro systems including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DP...

Aim: The aim of the current investigation was to screen the presence of Staphylococci spp., especially S. aureus in meat, meat products of different animal species, and some seafood sold in some retail markets in Libya using cultural and molecular techniques, and to study their antibiotics resistance profiles. Materials and Methods: A total of 139...

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Bacillus cereus in meat, meat products and some seafood in Libya. Materials and Methods: A hundred and thirty one samples were collected from different geographic localities in Libya. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for enumeration and isolation of B. cereus...

Bacillus cereus, isolation and molecular identification from meat and meat products samples collected from Libya. Isolates were tested for their antibiotics sensitivity.

Background: Cronobacter sakazakii is associated with illness in infants from contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) and it is frequently recovered from PIF factory environment. Limited information is available on contamination of other food such as dairy and meat products in Libya. Methods and Findings: A total of 261 samples of milk, dairy pr...

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Enterococcus spp. in meat, meat products and seafood. A hundred and four samples were randomly collected from different geographic localities in Libya. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for enumeration and isolation of Enterococcus spp. by conventional cultural and molecul...

IgG: IgG found in highest concentration in blood (serum), so it's major role in antibody-mediated defense mechanisms.-MW= 180 KDa.-It is a monomer.-γ epitopes on its heavy chains.-Because of its size it can escape from blood vessels more easily.-So it participates in the defense of tissue spaces and body surfaces.-IgG can opsonize, agglutinate and...

IgG is the major immunoglobulin in mammalian serum, it is a glycoprotein of 160 KDa. It can serve as a model for other immunoglobulins. When viewed with electron microscope it is seen to be Y-shaped. IgG contains four linked polypeptide chains, two of these chains are identical each about 50-60 KDa and called heavy chains. The other two chains are...

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from two Libyan brown algae namely Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavonica using microwave-assisted extraction method against pathogenic bacteria isolated from meat, meat products, milk and dairy products (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (5 isolates), Bacillus cere...

Aim: The aim of this work was to isolate and molecularly identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in milk and dairy products in Libya, in addition; to clear the accuracy of cultural and biochemical identification as compared with molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA for the existing isolates. Materials and Metho...

Aim: The aim of this work was to isolate and molecularly identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in milk and dairy products in Libya, in addition; to clear the accuracy of cultural and biochemical identification as compared with molecular identification by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA for the existing isolates. Materials and Metho...

The genus Vibrio includes several food-borne pathogens that cause a spectrum of clinical conditions including septicemia, cholera and milder forms of gastroenteritis. Several Vibrio spp. are commonly associated with food-borne transmission including Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Microbiological analysis for enumera...

The genus Vibrio includes several food-borne pathogens that cause a spectrum of clinical conditions including septicemia, cholera and milder forms of gastroenteritis. Several Vibrio spp. are commonly associated with food-borne transmission including Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Microbiological analysis for enumera...

Unpublished data taken from M V Sc. carried by A. M. Elbakush.

unpublished data from M V Sc under taken by A M Elbakosh.

The aim of this study was to carry out a serological survey of antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in 1500 one day old broiler chickens sera were examined by serum plate agglutination test. Antibodies against MG and MS were detected 3.4% and 6.4%, respectively. The seroprevalence of MG was 5.2% in chickens...

Marine macroalgae are considered as an excellent source of bioactive compounds which has a broad range of biological activities including antibacterial and antioxidant. Crude methanolic and water extracts of 19 marine algal species (6 Chlorophyta, 8 Phaeophyta and 5 Rhodophyta) collected from the western coast of Libya were evaluated for antibacter...

Objective of study: the main objective of this study is to search for microorganism of the genus Streptomyces distinctive antibiotic production and broad spectrum against pathogenic bacteria especially the resistant species. The application of random mutagenesis to afford mutants of over-productivity than the parent strain was used as an alternativ...

This study has been conducted on 10 llamas (Lama glama), 5 male and 5 female to study the changes in haematological parameters in different seasons. Statistically significant differences were detected in the mean values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet and neutrophil count. Haemog...

Morphological characteristics, including numeration, differentiation and features of blood cells were determined in ten male and ten female clinically normal adult llamas. Haematological parameters included: erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocyte indices, reticulocyte count, platelet count, total leukocyte cou...

This study was conducted on 83 adult llamas and 12 crias (Lama glama), to determine the prevalence of parasites in llamas kept at Surman park in Libya. These llamas were free from external parasites and haemoparasites.Faecal examination revealed that 85.5% of the adults had at least one type of egg. In adults, Nematodirus spp. was found in 55.4%, T...

The present study was conducted on ten llamas naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites. Examination of faecal samples obtained from these animals revealed that six, one and one were infected with Nematodirus, Capillaria and Strongyloides species, respectively. Mixed infection was found in two animals. Following treatment with albendazole,...

An ELISA was developed for serological detection of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dromedary camels. Antigen B (AgB) partially purified from hydatid cyst fluid of camels or sheep naturally infected with cystic echinococcosis (CE) due to E. granulosus, as well as a recombinant antigen B product (r-AgB) were used in an ELISA to screen panels of...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed together with western blotting technique for the detection of total and specific IgG and IgM antibodies to Brucella in camel (Camelus dromedarius) sera. Comparisons between conventional serological tests, Indirect ELISA and competition ELISA were carried out. The overall seropositivity amon...

Immunoglobulins were precipitated from pooled African elephant sera with ammonium sulphate and separated by gel filtration and fast protein liquid chromatography (ion exchange). Analysis of the fractions by SDS-PAGE showed IgG of 150 kDa with up to five subclasses, each having heavy chains of 57 kDa and light chains of 27 kDa. Three monoclonal anti...

Nasal discharge, lacrimation, dyspnea, cough, fever and abnormal lung sounds were the clinical symptoms observed among 30 calves. Stress factors (hot weather, recent transportation and dusty straw in food supply) and microbial infections (Paste urella multocida; P. Hemolytica; and Corynebacterium; P. and Staphelococci; P. and Klebsiella; P. and E....

Immunoglobulins G, M and A were identified in dromedary camel colostra by acid precipitation, gel filtration and fast-protein liquid chromatography (ion exchange). Heavy and light chains were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3) were isolated by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, together with a Western blotting technique, for the detection of total and IgG and IgM antibodies to camelpox virus (Orthopoxvirus cameli) in camel (Camelus dromedarius) sera and for identifying the seroreactive antigens of the virus. A total of 520 camels from different regions in Libya w...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed together with a western blotting technique for the detection of total and specific IgG and IgM antibodies to the contagious ecthyma (orf) virus in camel (Camelus dromedarius) sera and for identifying the seroreactive antigens of the virus. An outbreak of generalised contagious ecthyma in ca...

Monoclonal antibodies specific for camel IgG and IgM heavy chains and immunoglobulin light chains were produced by a simple, time-saving and efficient method. Popliteal lymph nodes isolated 9 days after a primary foot-pad immunisation were used as the source of antibody producing hybridoma cells. Ascites was induced in mice and ascitic fluid collec...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Liverpool, 1995.

Immunoglobulins were separated from ostrich sera by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. Two classes of immunoglobulin could be identified, corresponding to IgG and IgM of other species, based on elution profiles from ion-exchange columns and molecular mass estimation on gel-filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl su...

Immunoglobulins G and M were prepared from camel sera by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration and fast protein liquid chromatography (ion exchange). Heavy and light chains were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. IgG subclasses were isolated by DEAE ion exchange chromatography and shown to have differen...

Sera of 967 camels of both sexes were tested for antibodies to Brucella using the Rose Bengal plate test, serum agglutination test and the complement fixation test. The prevalence of positive sera was 4.1 per cent. Samples collected for cultural examination revealed 9 isolates. Five isolates were from milk samples, 3 from aborted foetuses and one f...

lndirect haemagglutination test (IHA) was used to serologically determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis in random samples of animal sera obtained from cattle, sheep, goats and horses coUected from different parts of Libya. The results indicated a serological evidence of the disease in Libya. Variation of disease incidence in terms of locat...

Geotrichosis caused by Geotrichum candidum is an uncommon disease and is rarely diagnosed clinically (Carter 1986, Kaliski et al., 1952, Lincoln and Adooch 1968, Minton et al., 1954 and Ross et al., 1966). We report here a case of mastitis caused by this fungus in a she-camel. This previously undocumented condition came to our attention following t...

This study investigated aerobic bacteria involved in clinical ovine mastitis. Cultural examination of mastitic samples from 260 ewes with the disease resulted in bacterial isolation from 180 (69.2%). In the study, 236 aerobic bacterial isolates were recovered from the 180 bacteriologically positive cases. The isolates were identified according to i...

Camel sera were examined for glutamic oxalacitic transminase (SGOT), glutamic pyrovic transminase (SGPT), creatinine, sodium and potassium content. The results show that the mean concentration of SGOT was 299.2 iu/L (119.3-413.4), SGPT 63.3 iu/L (35.06-96.16), creatinine 1.46 mg/L (3.3-5), sodium 176.23 mEq/L (127.2-216.3) and potassium 7.356 mEq/L...