Sajal Paul

• Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad

This article describes a low-voltage, low-power fractional-order low-pass filter (FO-LPF) of order 1 + α, which is implemented using a voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (VDDDA). The VDDDA structure is implemented using the bulk-driven metal oxide semiconductor transistor technique. The transistors operate in the subthreshold re...

A fractional low-pass filter operating in a low-frequency range is necessary for the filtering of biomedical signals. Thus, we propose a fractional low-pass filter of order (1 + α) which is implemented using a current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA). The presented structure is compact. It comprises of five CFTAs along with three grounded...

This work presents a new active block called the differential current conveyor cascaded transconductance amplifier (DCCCTA) and implemented multi-mode biquadratic universal shadow filter. The frequency-hopping filter is implemented using a multi-mode universal shadow filter. The proposed circuit has two modes of operation: current mode (CM) and tra...

This work presents the realization of an electronically tunable third-order quadrature oscillator (TOQO) employing a current mode (CM) block, modified dual-X current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (MDXCCCTA), and three grounded passive capacitors. The oscillator simultaneously provides two quadrature voltage outputs, two hig...

In this paper, the impact of radiation on the MOS devices is investigated on recently reported programmablesecond generation Current Controlled Conveyor (CCCII) wherein some updates are suggested to take Hot Carrier Injection, Bias Temperature Instability, and Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown into account. As radiation is yet another important f...

In this work, a new cubic-like smooth nonlinearity is generated by modifying Chua’s piecewise-linear segmental nonlinear function using logarithmic cos-hyperbolic function implementation. A logarithmic cos-hyperbolic function possessing smooth symmetric nonlinear characteristics is implemented through CMOS-based circuit design using the current mod...

In this paper, a new design has been proposed for the realization of high-frequency memcapacitor emulators built with three OTAs. This paper also proposes the application of memcapacitor as an amplitude modulator. Furthermore, applications of memcapacitor as a filter, Oscillator point attractor, and periodic doubler are also shown. The proposed cir...

In this paper, a new design has been proposed for the realization of grounded and floating meminductor emulators built with two OTAs and two second-generation current conveyors. The proposed emulators can be configured in both incremental and decremental topology. This paper also proposes the application of meminductor as Amplitude Modulator (AM)....

This paper presents an implementation of inductorless and resistorless Chua’s chaotic oscillator using voltage-differencing gain amplifier (VDGA). The chaotic oscillator circuit is implemented by designing a resistorless Chua’s diode using a single VDGA and a VDGA-based tank oscillator with coupled network circuit. The proposed chaotic oscillator u...

This work presents the realization of a novel electronically tuneable third-order autonomous chaotic oscillator using a current-controlled current conveyor feedback amplifier (CCCFA). The proposed circuit consists of a single CCCFA, two grounded passive capacitors, one inductor, and two diodes. The chaotic oscillator possesses smooth symmetrical si...

A general topology for realizing nth order voltage-mode universal filter responses with multiple-input and single-output using only plus type differential difference current conveyor (DDCC +) is presented in this paper. The proposed nth order filter circuit is implemented with n number of DDCC + s, n number of capacitors, and n number of resistors....

This paper presents a modified Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier (CFTA). It provides the essential features of high transconductance, wide bandwidth besides a wide linear range. It records the highest transconductance of 18.2mS and power dissipation of 1.12mW. Moreover, the linear range (iF versus ix) of CFTA is found as ±80μA. All these...

This paper presents performance comparison analysis of a two input NAND gate using conventional CMOS, stack, sleep and sleepy keeper techniques. Performance characteristics of a two input NAND gate were analysed in 45 nm technology using BSIM4 model. Sleepy Keeper technique dissipated lesser static power and lesser static power delay product (PDP s...

A new electronically tunable quadrature oscillator is presented using a biquad band pass filter. The new band pass filter is designed using two dual X second-generation multi-output current conveyors (DX-MOCCIIs), two grounded capacitors, two grounded resistors and one NMOS transistor working in the triode region. It is used to design a four-phase...

In this paper, a resistorless improved wave active filter (WAF) is presented using a comparatively new current-mode building block, namely extra X current-controlled current conveyor (EX-CCCII). The proposed wave active filter is designed in the current mode. The incident and reflected waves are used for designing the basic wave active elements, na...

A simple Chua’s chaotic oscillator circuit using voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) is presented in this paper. The circuit is implemented by designing a straightforward and compact Chua’s diode using only one VDTA and one resistor. The proposed chaotic oscillator offers the advantages of low component count and increases the fr...

In this paper, a new current mode precision rectifier circuit is proposed using a single EXCCII and two nMOS transistors. The novelty of the circuit is that it can provide all the possible rectified outputs, namely ± full wave as well as ± half wave simultaneously without any alteration of topology. Moreover, it has low input impedance and high out...

In this paper, a current-mode universal shadow filter is proposed using a new variant of current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA), namely current controlled current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifier (CC-CDCTA) and two capacitors. It realizes three shadow filter functioning; low pass (LPS), high pass (HPS) and band pass...

This paper presents circuit level design methodologies for significantly reducing the standby leakage power. Layout of different CMOS logic circuits such as a 2-input XOR, a 2-input XNOR, and a 4-input XNOR are designed and simulated by using BSIM4 MOS transistor model parameters. Layout simulations are done at a supply voltage of 0.4 V in 45 nm CM...

A new circuit for a simple resistorless quadrature oscillator is proposed in this work. The circuit consists of a single voltage dependant transconductance amplifier block and two grounded capacitors which ease IC fabrication. The workability of the circuit has been verified using 180 nm CMOS based TSMC Technology. Moreover, an experiment is perfor...

This paper presents resistorless realization of inverse filters using voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA). First, four topologies are proposed which provide inverse low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject responses. Subsequently, a unified inverse filter is also derived by incorporating two switches in the combination of...

An analog topology is proposed to implement a comb filter for removal of power-line interference from various low-amplitude biomedical signals. In this proposed methodology, an n-number of all-pass filters (APFs) and an adder circuit are used to suppress n-number of frequencies. All the APFs as well as the adder circuit are designed using a current...

This article presents a new current mode single-input-multiple-output nth order universal filter. The proposed circuit employs (n + 1) number multiple output second generation current conveyors and n number grounded capacitors only. Presented circuits can realize current mode low pass, high pass, band pass, notch and all pass responses simultaneous...

In this paper an analog voltage divider employing a single operational transresistance amplifier as active element is proposed. Its extension as square-rooter and inverse function has also been discussed. The circuit is found to function as a two quadrant divider. The realization of the circuit as a resistorless configuration is also given which ea...

In this article, a new design for realizing voltage-mode (VM) first order all-pass filter (APF) using single dual-X second generation current conveyor (DXCCII), one capacitor, one grounded resistor and one NMOS transistor operating in triode region is presented. The proposed circuit is analyzed for non-ideality presence due to voltage and current t...

The paper presents a new second-order single input multiple output (SIMO) type current mode (CM) universal filter. The proposed circuit uses two dual-X second generation multi-output current conveyors (DX-MOCCII), two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors. The circuit configuration realizes low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF),...

In this paper, a new grounded positive lossless frequency dependent negative resistance (FDNR) simulator and two of its applications are presented. The proposed FDNR uses single OTRA and requires five number of passive components; two resistances and three capacitances. The workability of the proposed simulator is demonstrated through the realizati...

In this article a new current mode first order universal filter with single input and multiple outputs is proposed. The realization uses single dual-X multiple output second generation current conveyor (DX-MOCCII) and two passive grounded components. The presented circuit provides high-pass, low-pass and non-inverting and inverting all-pass respons...

In this paper, the authors present two topologies of voltage mode third order quadrature oscillator circuit using operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA). The first circuit is based on low-pass filter and integrator combination, whereas the second one is high-pass filter and differentiator combination. Both the circuits utilize two OTRAs and t...

A new approach to the design of active comb filter to remove the unwanted harmonic interference contaminating the biomedical signal (ECG, EEG and EMG) has been presented. The filter consists of ‘n’ number of band pass filters. The centre frequency of each band pass filter is the unwanted frequency characterized by powerline interference. The workab...

This research paper describes a new current mode implementation of Chua’s circuit using differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) and standard passive components like resistor, capacitor and active inductor. The Chua’s circuit brings a verity of complex dynamical nature with Chaos that provides a wide range of bifurc...

In this paper single operational transresistance amplifier based lossless grounded negative inductance simulator topology is presented. The proposed circuit employs only single OTRA and four passive elements. The circuit is studied for nonideality and high frequency self compensation is achieved. Theoretical propositions are verified by simulation.

A new approach to the design of a comb filter using current conveyor is proposed to eliminate the undesired harmonic interference from biomedical signal. In this approach, a number of inverted band pass filters are used to construct a comb filter. The components used are second generation current conveyor (CCII), capacitor and resistor. To verify t...

This paper presents a voltage mode first order all pass filter using one differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) as active element and resistor and capacitor one each as passive elements. The proposed circuit realizes first-order all-pass functions without any component matching constraints. Hence phase shifted signal over whole range of 18...

This research paper introduces a fully controllable negative inductor and two R-L Immittance simulator using Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC) and some passive components. One of the immittance simulators is a parallel RL and other is series R and L. All the three simulators use two resistors and one capacitor. Workability of all the sim...

A current mode universal filter using current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA) is discussed. The filter provides important and desirable features : (i) Uses only one CCDDCCTA and two capacitors, (ii) One can get low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), notch (NF) and all pass (AP) curre...

The empirical expressions for the energy bandgap and intrinsic carrier concentration as a function of temperature and entire composition range are proposed for GaAs1-xPx and AlxGa1-xAs. In the calculation of bandgap the nonlinearity of the band structure and the direct-indirect cross-over effect are taken into account by matching a bowing parameter...

This research paper contains a new electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic universal filter using a new active building block; current controlled differential difference current con-veyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA). The proposed filter provides the following important and desirable features: (i) One can use only one CCDDCCTA and...

A new approach for the design of an active comb filter is proposed to remove the selected frequencies of various signals. The proposed filter is based on only OTAs and capacitors, hence suitable for monolithic integrated circuit implementation. The workability of the circuit is tested using PSPICE for test signals of 60, 180, 300, and 420 Hz as in...

In this paper, Operational Trans-Resistance Amplifier (OTRA) based wave active filter structures are presented. They are flexible and modular, making them suitable to implement higher order filters. The passive resistors in the proposed circuit can be implemented using matched transistors, operating in linear region, making them fully integrable. T...

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology is a very attractive option for implementing digital integrated circuits for low power applications. This paper presents migration of standby subthreshold leakage control technique from a bulk CMOS to SOI CMOS technology. An improved SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique for effective reduction of st...

This research article contains two new voltage-mode third order asymmetric band pass filter structures using single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) and passive components. One structure shows 20dB/dec roll-off below central frequency (f0) and 40dB/dec above f0, where as the other structure shows complementary response i.e. 40dB/dec rol...

This research paper contains current mode first order filter structures using single current controlled differential difference current conveyor (CCDDCC) and passive components. It can implement both inverting and non-inverting low pass, high pass and all pass functions from the same topology. The gain of the both inverting and non-inverting filter...

In this paper proposes a multi input single output (MISO) third order voltage mode (VM) universal filter using only one operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) is presented. The proposed circuit realizes lowpass, highpass, allpass, bandpass and notch responses from the same topology. The PSPICE simulation results using 0.5μm CMOS technology ag...

In this paper, a voltage mode (VM) biquadratic filter configuration using single Operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) is proposed. The topology can be used to synthesize lowpass, highpass and bandpass filter functions with appropriate admittance choices. No component matching / conditions on components are required for the synthesis of any...

In this paper a voltage mode third order quadrature oscillator is proposed. The proposed filter is suitable for MOS-C implementation making oscillation frequency electronically tunable. The non-ideality analysis of the circuit is also given and for high frequency applications self compensation can be used. PSPICE simulations have been included to d...

A novel single input five output voltage mode universal filter based on differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA) is presented. It employs grounded passive components namely two capacitors and a resistor. The proposed filter offers the following advantageous features: high input impedance-a desirable property of v...

A voltage mode active-C third order band pass filter is presented. The proposed filter uses a single dual output current controlled current conveyor (DOCCCII), two current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and three equal valued grounded capacitors. The theoretical results are verified with PSPICE simulation using parameters of bipolar transist...

The design of a current mode resistorless continuous time biquadratic filter for hearing aid application employing CCCIIs is presented. The circuit is capable of amplifying or attenuating signal at one or more selective band(s) of frequencies within the whole audio spectrum. The proposed circuit uses minimum number of active and passive elements. T...

A voltage mode universal filter with three-input and one-output using only two plus type current conveyors (CCII+), two resistors and two capacitors is presented. By replacing each CCII+ and a resistor at x port with plus type second generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII+) a new filter is proposed. The proposed structure has low sensitivity...

A new electronically tunable biquad filter structure employing three current controlled conveyors and two grounded capacitors is presented. The proposed filter offers the following advantageous features: low input impedance and high output impedance-a desirable property of current mode filters, realization of low pass, band pass, high pass, notch,...

The design of a current mode resistorless continuous time biquadratic filter for hearing aid application employing CCCIIs is presented. The circuit is capable of amplifying or attenuating signal at one or more selective band(s) of frequencies within the whole audio spectrum. The proposed circuit uses minimum number of active and passive elements. T...

Empirical expressions for the composition and temperature dependence of intrinsic carrier densities in Si1−xGex, In1−xGaxAs and In1−xGaxAsyP1−y are developed. The value is then used to compute the minimum capacitance in AlSi3N4Si1−xGex MIS structures and good agreement is obtained with the experimental data. The expected values of minium capacita...

We have derived the expression for an absorption coefficient in a quantum well made of an indirect-gap semiconductor, considering phonon-assisted and no-phonon (alloy-disorder) processes. The absorption coefficient varies as (homegalambda-Eg+/-homegap)s, where homegalambda (homegap) is the photon (phonon) energy and Eg is the band gap; s=0 for boun...

In a Si/Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 quantum well grown on a [100] oriented Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 buffer, the four valleys having longitudinal mass normal to the [100] direction are lifted from the remaining two valleys. As a consequence, the intervalley f scattering between these two groups of valleys, the strongest in bulk Si, occurs only when the electrons in the su...

A calculation has been made of the mobility of a two‐dimensional electron gas in a quantum well composed of Si and Si x Ge 1-x . Both the type‐I and type‐II band alignments are assumed and the strain‐induced splitting of the six‐fold degenerate conduction‐band minima is considered. For a type‐I alignment, the electrons are confined in the alloy lay...

The band gap and the intrinsic carrier concentration in a semiconductor are important material parameters needed in the interpretation of various experimental and theoretical data. In the present work, empirical expressions for both the parameters as a function of alloy composition x and temperature are proposed for Ga x In 1-x As. The calculated r...