Sait Eser Karlık

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• Assoc. Prof. Dr.
• Professor (Associate) at Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇

In this paper, the combined impact of SRS, FWM and ASE noise in center channels of 7-, 15-, 31- and 63-channel UDWDM/DWDM long-haul multi-span optical fiber communication systems using different numbers of EDFAs has been analyzed with simulations. UDWDM/DWDM systems with varying system parameters, i.e. channel input powers, channel spacing values,...

Nonlinear impacts arising from Kerr effect cause crucial limitations in the performance of optical communication systems. The combined impact of SPM, XPM and FWM in WDM-based communication systems has rarely been focused on with experimental or numerical methods because of complicated nature of optical nonlinear phenomena, modeling complexity, limi...

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is an important method in modern optical communication systems for both long-haul and access networks. Particularly, after being standardized by Telecommunication Standardization Sector of International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), WDM passive optical network (WDM-PON) becomes a considerable choice for fro...

Internet of things phenomenon has brought up distinctive technologies that are using wireless communication and appearing in smart city applications. Long range (LoRa) modulation technique has pulled up the market and forced the announcement of LoRa wide area network (LoRaWAN) standard in 2021 by ITU-T with Y.4480 standard code. LoRaWAN is a medium...

Recently, dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (DWDM-PONs) have become a considerable choice for 5G and beyond fronthaul implementations. Formerly, we have proposed a full-duplex bidirectional DWDM-PON architecture convenient for those implementations and analyzed the combined dual impact of four-wave mixing (FWM) and sti...

Günümüzde şehirler hızla büyümektedir. Artan nüfus, kent merkezlerindeki kaynakların daha verimli kullanılması gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarırken; bu durum akıllı şehir ve nesnelerin interneti kavramlarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Yaşam alanlarında düşük maliyetli, kablosuz ve uzaktan veri alışverişi ile kaynak yönetimi, takibi, performans analizi ve...

Integrated optic applications commonly use ridge waveguides, specific designs that ensure effective mode confinement. Numerical methods, such as finite difference eigenmode and eigenmode expansion methods, determine the mode profile of this structure. Despite their high accuracy, the computation time of these conventional methods increases signific...

Dalgaboyu bölmeli çoğullama tabanlı pasif optik ağlar (WDM-PON), 5G ağlarının ön bağlantı uygulamaları için önemli bir seçenek oluşturmaktadır. WDM tabanlı optik fiberli sistemlerin performansı üzerindeki baskın doğrusal olmayan etkiler, dört dalga karışımı (FWM) ile uyarılmış Raman saçılmasıdır (SRS). Önceki çalışmalarımızdan birinde, standart tek...

Photonic crystals demonstrate periodic variations in refractive index or dielectric constant in one, two, or three dimensions. These structures allow light to propagate through the structure at specific frequencies or wavelengths while reflecting light at other wavelengths. The range of frequencies in which light propagation is prohibited is known...

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed to predict the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) at the center channel of a 7-channel DWDM/UDWDM transmission system using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), taking into account the triple effects of four-wave mixing (FWM), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and ampl...

Photonic crystals are periodic structures with refractive index changes in one, two, or three dimensions. Due to their unique design, these crystals exhibit a photonic bandgap that allows light to propagate through the structure at specific frequencies and be reflected at other frequencies. In regions where light cannot pass, known as the forbidden...

With increasing internet usage and development of wireless communication technologies since beginning of the 21st century, the need for broadband and high-capacity communication systems has emerged. Radio over fiber (RoF) communication technology provides high data rates, low latency and communication over long distances. In this paper, performance...

Low power-consumption wide area network (LPWAN) technologies include applications of wireless communication technologies that offer low infrastructure cost, battery consumption and operation cost advantages in rural areas. Long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most well-known LPWANs and it is actively used in 181 countries around the...

Özet: Öz faz modülasyonu (SPM), çapraz faz modülasyonu (XPM), dört dalga karışımı (FWM) ve uyarılmış Raman saçılması (SRS) optik fiberli haberleşme sistemlerinin performansını sınırlayan önemli doğrusal olmayan etkilerdir. Bu bildiride, SPM, XPM, FWM ve SRS birleşik etkisi altında, sıfır olmayan dispersiyonu kaydırılmış fiber (NZDSF) kullanan yoğun...

Nonlinear phenomena such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and four-wave mixing (FWM) and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise significantly affect the performance of UDWDM/DWDM multi-span long-haul communication systems using EDFAs. In the literature, effects of these phenomena on the system performance have been generally researched...

Four-wave mixing (FWM) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) are important nonlinear phenomena affecting the performance of optical fiber communication systems. In this paper, system performance of long-haul dense/ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber communication networks with standard single mode fibers (SSMFs) have been ana...

The internet of things (IoT) subject became widespread during the last decade while 25 billion connected devices will dominate the life by 2030 due to statistical expectation reports. In smart cities, sensors mostly use wireless communication facilities involving huge energy consumption risk. Long range wide area network technology is one of the ma...

Four-wave mixing (FWM) is an important nonlinear phenomenon limiting the performance of optical fiber networks. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the FWM impact on the network performance of long-haul dense/ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM/UDWDM) optical communication systems using standard single mode fibers (SSMFs) and no...

Uyku bozukluklarından biri olan uyku apnesinin tanısı, geleneksel olarak bireylerin uyku laboratuvarlarında polisomnografi (PSG) cihazına bağlanması ve uyku süresi boyunca izlenen 14 farklı parametre ile ilgili ölçümlerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda konulmaktadır. Ancak bu durum, hareket kısıtlamalı ve yaşlı kişiler için önemli zorluklar oluşturmak...

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a dispersive effect caused by the birefringence of the optical fiber. Spinning the fiber with periodic profiles during the drawing process from preform is known as a PMD-reducing process. In this paper, common spin parameters giving successful results in obtaining low PMD for three spin profiles, i.e. sinusoida...

Wired communication systems used to control elevator floor fixtures have problems due to huge amount of cables used in implementation, long installation time, long troubleshooting time and chronic faults. This paper proposes a double-jump multi-hop wireless network for low-rise and mediumrise buildings to control elevator floor fixtures using wirel...

In this paper, FWM impact on the downlink channel performance of dense wavelength division multiplexed gigabit-capable passive optical networks (DWDM-GPONs) has been analyzed. Simulations have been performed on center downlink channels of 7-, 15-, 29- and 35-channel DWDM-GPON systems having 12.5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz and 100 GHz channel spacings. The...

In this paper the combined impact of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and four-wave mixing (FWM) on the downlink channel performance of dense wavelength division multiplexed-gigabit passive optical networks (DWDM-GPONs) has been compared with the single impact of FWM via signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SXR) simulations performed on center downlink chan...

Four-wave mixing (FWM) is an important nonlinear effect severely limiting the performance of optical fiber networks. In this paper, FWM impact on the uplink performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing gigabit passive optical networks (DWDM-GPONs) using standard single mode fibers (SSMFs) has been analyzed. Simulations have been carried ou...

Multi-hop wireless network architectures can be used in communicating floor fixtures with the control panel of elevator systems. A novel Wireless Short Packet (WSP) protocol based non-acknowledged multi-hop wireless network design utilizing energy harvesting technology is proposed in this paper for the data communication in elevator systems. Experi...

Theoretical basis of spun fibers and their ability to reduce Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) are discussed. In order to overcome PMD-based problems, Amplitude Modulation Transmitted Carrier (AM-TC) profile is proposed. A comparative analysis of spin profiles is made and spin parameters giving successful results for low-PMD fibers are obtained. S...

Turkey Brillouin scattering mechanism and Young modulus variations in optical fiber distributed sensing systems are directly affected by ambient temperature and thermal strain formations. Generally, in such sensing systems where temperature and strain formations are detected and measured simultaneously, Brillouin frequency shift and Brillouin power...

In this paper, the impact of four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomenon on the system performance has been analyzed via focusing on effects of FWM products falling into the center channels, i.e. the most heavily affected ones among all, of equally spaced 9-, 11-, 13- and 15-channel DWDM systems having channel spacing values of 12.5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz and 1...

In this paper, variation of the signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SXR) due to effects of four-wave mixing (FWM) has been analyzed on center channels of 5-, 7-, 9-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems implemented with G.652 standard single-mode fibers (SSMFs) for 12.5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz and 100 GHz equal channel spacing values. Cen...

In long-haul and high-bit-rate optical fiber transmission systems Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is one of the main reasons for pulse broadening. In order to reduce PMD-based problems, current studies rely on novel PMD compensators and low-PMD fiber productions. In this paper, after describing theoretical information about PMD and optical fiber...

Non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF) ribbon cable has become an important alternative for long-haul high-speed network constructions. Since such networks require low polarization mode dispersion (PMD), it is very important to know the PMD performance of NZDF ribbon cables under different structural and environmental conditions. In particular, the ambie...

In this study, a novel method that can be used for sensing temperature and strain changes simultaneously occurred along the XLPE insulated high voltage (HV) cables has been proposed. In this method, optical fiber distributed sensing principle based on the temperature dependence of Brillouin power changes and the temperature and intrinsic thermal st...

Optical ground wire (OPGW) is generally used to protect the phase conductors of the overhead power cables from high discharge currents due to lightning strikes and instantaneous current increase due to short-circuits or breakdowns as well as to provide data transmission for telecommunication purposes. OPGW cables are exposed to effects of environme...

In this paper, a novel method degrading the combined effect of four-wave mixing (FWM) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of the amplifier on the most heavily affected channel in an equally channel spaced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system containing in-line optical amplifiers is proposed. FWM effect is directly related to inp...

The optical fiber distributed sensing method based on Landau-Placzek Ratio (LPR), where Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering coefficients are utilized, is widely used for detecting thermal strain formations in XLPE insulated power cables. In this study, using strain dependence of material characteristics in XLPE cable insulation, i.e. Young and Shear...

zet Bu çalışmada, dalgaboyu bölmeli çoğullama (WDM) tekniğini kullanan dispersiyonu kaydırılmış fiberli (DSF, ITU-T G.653) bir haberleşme sisteminin performansı, öz-faz modülasyonu (SPM), çapraz-faz modülasyonu (XPM) ve dört-dalga karışımı (FWM) gibi üç önemli fiber doğrusalsızlığının birleşik etkisi altında ve farklı bit hızları için OptSim progra...

The maximum peak power of the signal launched into the fiber which is used as the sensor in Landau-Placzek Ratio (LPR) based distributed temperature sensing systems limits the detectable level of spontaneous Brillouin signal. This is due to nonlinear effects distorting the amplitude of the Brillouin signal and limiting the sensing capacity of the o...

The optical fiber distributed sensing method is widely used for detecting strain formations that determine the operation capacity and the performance of the cable insulation in XLPE insulated power cables. The Landau-Placzek Ratio (LPR) based on Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering coefficients is used in the optical fiber distributed sensing method....

Bu çalışmada, oturum başlatma protokolü (SIP) tabanlı çağrı sunucusuyla sağlanan telefon servislerinin IPTV sistemiyle bütünleşmesini sağlayacak yeni bir mimari yapı önerilmiş ve bu amaca yönelik yeni bir protokol (Bağımsız Bildirim Protokolü) tasarlanarak geliştirilen mimari yapının avantajları incelenmiştir. Önerilen mimari yapı ve bunu destekley...

Doğrusal olmayan olaylar, optik fiber� içerisinde iletilen işaretlerde bozulmalara ve zayıflamalara sebebiyet verir. Bu olaylardan dört dalga karışımı (FWM), dalga boyu bölmeli çoğullama (WDM) sistemlerinde doğrusal olmayan çapraz karışımın en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. WDM sistemlerinde iletim mesafesini arttırmak için kullanılan kuvvetlendiric...

Partial discharges that take place in insulating materials influenced by intense electrical field are frequently detected by electrical and acoustic systems. In acoustic detection techniques, not only detection of partial discharges but also determination of their locations is possible. Therefore, acoustic detection is more preferable than electric...

In optical fiber communication systems using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique, two important nonlinear effects, i.e. self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM), occur due to the dependence of refractive index to the light intensity. In this study, system parameters effecting SPM and XPM events in WDM communication...

The problems that occur at the nodes of a metropolitan area network (MAN) can interact with optical fiber nonlinearities. In this paper, impacts of such interactions, in particular the one between crosstalks occurring at the optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) of metropolitan network nodes and optical fiber nonlinearities, on transmission perform...

The cable insulation is exposed to electrical, thermal and mechanical effects during operation in XLPE insulated underground power cables. One of the important effects that the cable insulation is exposed is the maximum operation temperature and the other is the strain occurred on the insulation. In this study; temperature and strain sensing simula...

Non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF) ribbon cable has recently become a considerable alternative in long-haul high-speed network construction. Since long-distance high-bit rate transmission requires low polarization mode dispersion (PMD), it is very important to know the PMD performance of this type of optical fiber cables. In this paper, we report exp...

The power transfer capacity of an underground power cable is limited by high-temperature regions that occur along the cable. It is very difficult to determine and control these ‘hot spots’. Optimum use and temperature profile control of power cables before and during load transmission can be achieved with real-time processing of temperature data. T...

ZET Yüksek bit hızlı haberleşme sistemlerinde iletim kapasitesini sınırlayan ve semboller arası girişime (ISI) neden olarak bit hata oranını (BER) arttıran temel etkenlerden biri polarizasyon mod dispersiyonudur (PMD). Bu nedenle 40 Gbit/s iletim hızında çalışan haberleşme sistemlerinde PMD etkilerinin azaltılması, sistem güvenilirliği açısından ge...

Non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF) ribbon cable has recently become a considerable alternative in long-haul high-speed network construction. Since long-distance high-bit rate transmission requires low polarization mode dispersion (PMD), it is very important to know the PMD performance of this type of optical fiber cables. In this study, we have exper...

There are various methods and implementations for level detection. Optical methods display a rapid growth among these with their high sensitivities and low costs. In this paper, we propose a new method that uses reciprocally placed LEDs and phototransistors whose optical axes are shifted according to each other. Shifting distance is determined by t...

Polarizasyon Mod Dispersiyonu (PMD), yüksek hızlı haberleşme sistemlerinde band genişliğini sınırlayan temel faktörlerden biridir. Bu nedenle, çevresel koşulların PMD üzerindeki etkisinin bilinmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hem sıcaklığın sabit ve fiberdeki gerilmelerin kalıcı haldeki değerlerine erişmiş olduğu izotermal rejimde hem...

In this study, optical fibre applications in the area of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) are presented. Sensing system configuration and required system parameters for determining the temperature profile of an HV cable are given. Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) and Raman scattering phenomena of light are used in the practical applica...

In this study, attenuation and crosstalk behaviours of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are analyzed and according to the results of these analyses UTP installation in high-speed LAN applications are discussed. Also comments about the new, unstandardized UTP types and their applications in the area of data communication are given.