Saioa Arrizabalaga

• PhD. in Telecommunication Engineering
• Senior Researcher at CEIT Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas de Gipuzkoa

Real time location systems (RTLSs) are becoming more relevant in a more data driven economy and society due to their wide range of application cases. When the location of an object needs to be tracked with high accuracy, ultra wideband (UWB) technology is usually the best option. Nevertheless, UWB ranging estimates are not completely immune to some...

In recent years, the integration of Digital Twins (DT) for the adoption of smarter maintenance strategies has grown exponentially in different industrial sectors. New IoT and edge computing systems are being developed for this purpose, however, there are still some open issues and challenges to be solved. Firstly, this paper presents new approaches...

5G is a new technology that can provide more services, due to the improvement in performance, than the current mobile technologies. Because of that, it is selected as a possible technology for automotive transportation systems. Nevertheless, nowadays the 5G technology is in the deployment phase, which could present bugs requiring improvements in th...

The railway sector is currently acting in a fragmented way and in silos corresponding most often to physical or functional subsystems or use cases, and the different owners/managers of the overall infrastructure at regional/national level, without global extensive view or full control of the global system involved by rail operations. A number of di...

Maintenance is one of the major concerns of the industrial sector. Acquiring better levels of maintenance maturity is one of the objectives to be achieved. Therefore, prescriptive maintenance is one of the areas of recent research. Current works in literature are focused on specifics of maintenance strategies (from preventive to prescriptive), usua...

The monitoring of overhead contact lines (OCL) is a key part of railway infrastructure maintenance. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the lateral geometry of contact wire, the so-called stagger, by using the dynamic response of a pantograph. The methodology is tested in a validated virtual environment that resembles the behaviour of the p...

Security is the main challenge of the Modbus IIoT protocol. The systems designed to provide security involve solutions that manage identity based on a centralized approach by introducing a single point of failure and with an ad hoc model for an organization, which handicaps the solution scalability. Our manuscript proposes a solution based on self-...

With the current high risks of cyber incidents either caused by malicious cyber criminals or by accidents, there is a latent need for cyber resilience. This discipline is a broader than the traditional cybersecurity concept as it aims to give companies an adaptability such that they are “safe-to-fail”, i.e. that companies are capable of facing cybe...

Considering that RFID technology presents a significant growth in IIoT environments, industrial manufacturing is being one of the most benefited by this growth. As growth implies increased security risks, access control systems have emerged as an essential solution for IIoT environments and particularly in RFID systems. Considering Hyperledger Fabr...

On the current environment, companies face risks and threats to the systems they need to operate often known as cyber threats. Most of these companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and they are exposed to these cyber threats. To mitigate the risks and be able to thrive with as little disruption as possible, SMEs require cyber resili...

The European Union is moving towards the "Smart" era having as one of the key topics the Smart Mobility. What is more, the EU is moving towards Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The key concept behind MaaS is the capability to offer both the traveler’s mobility and goods transport solutions based on travel needs. For example, unique payment methods, in...

Cyber resilience can help companies today thrive despite the adverse cyber threat environment. This discipline adds to cybersecurity the mindset of preparing for the unexpected and prioritizing business continuity over simply protecting systems and assets. However, cyber resilience operationalization requires knowledge and investing into its multip...

In recent years, Digital Twins (DT) have been implemented in different industrial sectors, in several applications areas such as design, production, manufacturing, and maintenance. In particular, maintenance is one of the most researched applications, as the impact of the execution of maintenance task may have a great impact in the business of the...

Due to the hazardous current cyber environment, cyber resilience is more necessary than ever. Companies are exposed to an often-ignored risk of suffering a cyber incident. This places cyber incidents as one of the main risks for companies in the past few years. On the other hand, the literature meant to aid on the operationalization of cyber resili...

With the expansion and development of the internet protocol, the number of cybersecurity vulnerabilities has also increased. However, it is difficult to find a reliable way to detect the vulnerability in the internet-exposed asset. This paper proposes a new design of analysis platform that integrates the cybersecurity data and an internet-exposed a...

The constantly evolving cyber threat landscape is a latent problem for today's companies. This is especially true for the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because they have limited resources to face the threats but, as a group, represent an extensive payload for cybercriminals to exploit. Moreover, the traditional cybersecurity approach of...

Communication technologies are in continuous evolution and as well, the different applications making use of them. In order to succeed with the roll-out of the communication-based applications, it is required that the communications technologies are intensively tested and validated before deployment. Current strategies for testing and validation co...

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is present in many participants from the energy, health, manufacturing, transport, and public sectors. Many factors catalyze IIoT, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and intelligent decentralized manufacturing. However, the convergence between IT, OT, and IoT environments involves the integration of hete...

Independently on the business case addressed, one of the main drawbacks of the railway use cases that need continuous Global Navigation Satellite Systems data is the lack of availability for the 100% of the time of the journey. Additionally, the integrity assessment of the position estimation given is also mandatory for safety critical applications...

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control systems and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks implement industrial communication protocols to enable their operations. Modbus is an application protocol that allows communication between millions of automation devices. Unfortunately, Modbus lacks basic security mechanisms, and this leads to m...

The growing adoption of Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) systems, particularly in the healthcare field, demonstrates that RFID is a positive asset for healthcare institutions. RFID offers the ability to save organizations time and costs by enabling data of traceability, identification, communication, temperature and location in real time for b...

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides the ability to digitize physical objects into virtual data, thanks to the integration of hardware (e.g., sensors, actuators) and network communications for collecting and exchanging data. In this digitization process, however, security challenges need to be taken into account in order to prevent information ava...

A malicious attack on a safety‐critical system can derive in an undesired behavior of the system that may result in a failure. In this case, the reliability of the device is decreased, and it might affect directly to safety. Therefore, the security is also an essential issue to consider in the design of safety‐critical systems. The main problem whe...

The popular Internet service, YouTube, has adopted by default the HyperText Markup Language version 5 (HTML5). With this adoption, YouTube has moved to Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) as Adaptive BitRate (ABR) video streaming technology. Furthermore, rate adaptation in DASH is solely receiver-driven. This issue motivates this work to ma...

The European Union (EU) is bolstering the railway sector with the aim of making it a direct competitor of the aviation sector. For that to occur, railway efficiency has to be improved by means of increasing capacity and reducing operational expenditure. Tracks are currently used below their maximum capacity. Given this fact and the EU's goals for t...

Most critical applications today depend on computers, so a computer failure can cause financial disaster, serious injury, or even death. In this context, railways are considered a critical application, so they must meet the highest standards of availability and safety. Availability ensures continuous operation of the system, while a safe system mus...

It is necessary to verify the faults tolerance of the European Train Control System (ETCS) on-board unit even if these faults are uncommon. Traditional test methods defined and used in ETCS do not allow to check this, so it is necessary to develop a new mechanism of tests. This paper presents the design and implementation of a saboteur applied to t...

This paper presents the implementation of an Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation algorithm using FPGA technology as a part of a Smart Train Positioning System (STPS). The STPS takes advantage of the combination of different technologies and techniques, such as GNSS and the AoA of the GSM-R signals, to determine the real time train position. Furthermo...

The suitability of EGNSS (including EGNOS and Galileo early services) for safety railway applications has been analysed by several European projects such as Grail, Grail-2, Satloc, 3InSat, and it is currently being analysed by ERSAT EAV. ERSAT EAV in particular is addressing the following three challenges beyond the state-of-the-art: a) reuse of ET...

Currently European Train Control System (ETCS) rollout is a major concern for train manufacturers and railway infrastructure managers. But available laboratory certification procedures do not completely address all the needs of the system, which leads to long and expensive field-testing. This research work proposes a new tool that reduces the requi...

A SDK (Software Development Kit) to test, develop or improve safety-critical systems is presented. The SDK has three main modules: voter, saboteur and sniffer. The voter can be configured as “m out of n” where m and n can be any number but always n > m, each redundant channel uses a microcontroller as a main system. The saboteur examines the inform...

The new concept of Smart Cities creates the paradigm of the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with the services of the cities, such as the management of the electric and water distribution systems or the traffic lights control. In this sense, the Wireless Sensor Networks are fast becoming a key instrument in the deploy...

This paper presents the implementation and validation of a complete AoA (Angle of Arrival) system. The AoA system is typically used together with smart antenna technology. In this paper the AoA system is part of a mobile wireless communication positioning system. The implementation includes the array antenna, the front ends and the AoA estimation b...

The interoperability between on track balises and the on board Balise Transmission Module systems depends on both sides' susceptibility and allowed emissions. For that assessment, the document that governs the testing methodology, tools and procedures (Subset 116) needs to be completed prior to its publication. The present paper proposes an advance...

Purpose This article focuses on a novel Advanced Train LocAtion Simulator (ATLAS) for on-board railway location using wireless communication technologies, such as satellite navigation and location based systems. ATLAS allows the creation of multiple simulation environments providing a versatile tool for testing and assessing new train location serv...

The smart city concept is often simply considered equivalent only to technology. This paper starts by introducing the necessity of a holistic, integrated, and multidisciplinary approach to the concept of smart cities. Smart cities are evolving by the creation of tools that are application specific; therefore, European classification of smart city a...

Portable systems and global communications open a broad spectrum for new health applications. In the framework of electrophysiological applications, several challenges are faced when developing portable systems embedded in Cloud computing services. In order to facilitate new developers in this area based on our experience, five areas of interest ar...

The diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has become a key point in nowadays European healthcare system. However, the underlying testing and monitorization processes haven't experienced the innovation and advancement required to fulfill the needs that such diagnosis and treatment present. In this paper we propose a new testing devic...

Service Oriented Architectures offer an incomparable setting for the management and reuse ofservices. In the case of such big scaled architectures the ability to choose between thoseservices often gets blurry, because of the difficulty when trying to find the one which fitsbetter the actual needs, or even because its invocation process gets excessi...

The residential gateway (RG) is known as the connection box that provides multi-service access to the consumer networks. This work is focused on a multi-residential gateway (MRG) concept, which offers more service provisioning and management capabilities. The QoS support in this context is challenging, as new requirements must be fulfilled regardin...

A new concept of multi-residential gateway (MRG) capable of managing several residential units (e.g. homes, flats) simultaneously while offering new additional services is presented. Apart from the typical recommendations proposed for residential gateways, specific new requirements are introduced in order to overcome the multi-residential challenge...

The OSGi Framework offers a cooperative environment for the deployment and management of services for multidisciplinary software applications, achieving interoperability between systems. But even so, its service registry lack of non-syntactic information prohibits agents making this framework available for a wider range of applications. This paper...

Quality of service management support is a key factor in developing new products. This paper presents and implements an architecture for sharing Internet access among several users supporting QoS management based on differentiated services philosophy. For implementation details, existing Linux traffic control capabilities are mentioned in the paper...

This article describes the educational methodology related to the 'Software and Protocols Engineering: Software for Medical Equipment' subject, belonging to the Engineering School of the University of Navarra (TECNUN). The integral design of embedded systems is successfully overcome through the use of techniques from Software Engineering and System...