Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

• Professor - Physiology
• Professor at NRI Institute of Medical Sciences

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by permanent respiratory symptoms and limitation of airflow which is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. COPD is a common, preventable, and treatable disease. The present study was undertaken to correlate...

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is observed in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, the studies related to the assessment of screen time, sleep quality, and reaction time (RT), in young adults with premenstrual dysphoric disorder are sparse in the Indian scenario. Hence, the present study was undertaken. Aims and Objectives: The...

Background: The number of cases of obesity has been rising worldwide due to the current lifestyle and unhealthy food habits. The vestibular system has connections with various brain areas involved in the regulation of food intake. Stimulating the vestibular system by non-invasive means has multiple benefits. However, the studies in this area are re...

Background: OM chanting was reported to improve parasympathetic activity and offer relaxation. This is due to the vibration effect created during the chanting of OM. There is a need to motivate medical students to practice and implement yoga and meditation to overcome the stress they face during their course. This also helps to improve cognitive fu...

Background: Long-term hypertension progresses to produce atherothrombotic disease. Chronic inflammation may contribute to epithelial dysfunction and atherogenesis and is associated with high blood pressure. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ratios are the predictors of the cardiovascular diseases. However, stu...

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to the damage of the neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter called dopamine and the cases are growing worldwide. The studies on the observation of the non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease are sparse in the Indian context. The estimated prevalence o...

Background: It was reported that those who practice chanting of the Shiva panchakshari mantra can overcome stress, attain prosperity, and get stability in life. However, there are no research studies in this area in the PubMed literature to support scientific evidence. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectivene...

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to the damage of the neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter called dopamine and the cases are growing worldwide. The studies on the observation of the non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease are sparse in the Indian context. The estimated prevalence o...

Background: It was reported that those who practice chanting of the Shiva panchakshari mantra can overcome stress, attain prosperity, and get stability in life. However, there are no research studies in this area in the PubMed literature to support scientific evidence. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectivene...

Background: Recent technological evolutions allow for the identification of hearing level (HL) in infants soon after birth. The goal of early hearing detection and intervention is to maximize linguistic and communication skills and literacy development for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Infants whose HL has been confirmed before 6 months...

Background: As it was mentioned, the risk of adverse effects and complications is more than what is expected. Hence, the use of epidural analgesia (EA) was decreased in the management of post-operative pain. Hence, there is a need for another pharmacological agent that is more effective. Manly studies reported that buprenorphine transdermal and sub...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has both motor and non-motor symptoms. In the modern lifestyle, several risk factors exist for Parkinson’s disease some are stress, obesity, pesticides, and excess use of certain dairy products. Yoga is reported to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD...

Background: Recent technological evolutions allow for the identification of hearing level (HL) in infants soon after birth. The goal of early hearing detection and intervention is to maximize linguistic and communication skills and literacy development for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Infants whose HL has been confirmed before 6 months...

Background: As it was mentioned, the risk of adverse effects and complications is more than what is expected. Hence, the use of epidural analgesia (EA) was decreased in the management of post-operative pain. Hence, there is a need for another pharmacological agent that is more effective. Manly studies reported that buprenorphine transdermal and sub...

Research is mandatory for the progression of the medical field. Research plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and treating the disease. Hence, it is necessary to train undergraduate students in research and academics. This will help to promote medical education standards too. The major discoveries contributed by the medical students include heparin,...

Purpose of Review Insomnia is a pathology characterized by the difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep. It is a very prevalent disease affecting 10–15% of the population and is associated with significant impairment to normal daytime functioning, mood, and cognitive function. Insomnia can be experienced independently or comorbidly with other...

Introduction: Om chanting and Ragas for stress alleviation. Different Ragas are likewise observed to be exceptionally compelling in overseeing or curing illnesses. In such conduct, a blend of particular notes or Ragas is being utilized to follow up on a specific chakra. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of...

Introduction: Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa, which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. Most nutritious part of the plant is its leaves, and is a good source of vitamin B vitamins and C. It has been reported Moringa oleifera shows antidiabetic effect. The leaf extract contains flavonoids, polyph...

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects the quality of life of patients, and the cure for the disease is yet a mirage. Drugs are having side effects and not giving satisfying results. Recently, genes have been isolated. The role of oligonucleotide in many diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, is promising. Since oligonucl...

Background: Soft tissue can be defined as non-epithelial extraskeletal tissue of the body exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system, glia, and supporting tissues of different parenchymal organs. These tumors are a highly heterogeneous group and are classified into benign, intermediate, and malignant forms according to the adult tissue they resemb...

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects the quality of life of patients, and the cure for the disease is yet a mirage. Drugs are having side effects and not giving satisfying results. Recently, genes have been isolated. The role of oligonucleotide in many diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, is promising. Since oligonucl...

2022). Correlation of pupil to limbus diameter ratio (PLD ratio) with blood pressure and pulse rate in underweight females. Abstract-There are no studies where the pupil to limbus diameter ratio was assessed in the underweight individuals. Hence, the present study was undertaken to observe the correlation of pupil to limbus diameter ratio (PLD rati...

Background: There are limited studies that observed the role of anger in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Objective: The present study was undertaken to observe the role of anger in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Materials and methods: A total of 80 male and female patients admitted to the cardiac center were recru...

Background: Dengue-induced thrombocytopenia can be life-threatening. However, supportive and symptomatic treatment is the current management protocol. The leaf extract of papaya has shown promising results in improving the platelet count. There are many varieties of Carica papaya such as Washington, Honeydew, Coorg honeydew, Solo, Surya, Red lady,...

Background: The Internet has become an integral part of our day-to-day life. It is one of the most influential media in the modern era and incorrect usage might be harmful. About 90% of adolescents use it for acquiring information. Its development has given lots of chance for exchange of information, communication, and social interactions. One of t...

Background: Umbilical cord is the only vital link between the mother and the fetus and is essential for maintaining the fetomaternal exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. Clinical studies have shown that umbilical cord diameter (UCD) is larger in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and UCD analysis based on microscopic tissue (dry) pro...

Sleep is the state of unconsciousness where some of the bodily activities are increased and some are decreased. Adequate sleep is essential for homeostasis. Lack of adequate sleep is one of the major public health issues and needs major attention. Prolonged insomnia leads to excessive anxiety and suicidal ideation. The existing pharmacological ther...

Background: Heartfulness meditation is heart-based meditation that helps to balance the mental status. The relaxation offered by meditation is so valuable as it not only improves quality but also improves the quantity of life. However, there is a requirement for the long-term practice of these meditations to receive their effects. The relaxation of...

Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder among all age groups which adversely affects physical and mental health. Young adults are considered a high-risk population group due to increased use of electronic media at bedtime, stress associated with balancing educational demands and unhealthy sleep practices. Previous research suggests that el...

The vestibular system inhibits both HPA and SAM axis and contributes to the management of anxiety. Both direct and indirect pathways exist in the inhibition of the HPA and SAM axis. In this review article, the authors describe various pathways through which the vestibular system can regulate the HPA and SAM axis activity. Lastly, the authors highli...

Objectives: Preliminary research suggests that electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) may improve sleep outcomes by influencing the hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei involved in regulating the circadian rhythm and wakefulness. This randomised, sham-controlled trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of VeNS on insomnia in young adults. Met...

Background: The measurable index for selflessness in medical professionals is empathy with patients. Thus, the relationship between a doctor and a patient is mainly based on empathy. Several studies measured the empathy scores before and after medical education and there are ambiguous results. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken t...

Background: The latest internet and social media facilitate communication and increase the speed of work. However, it has a negative side also. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the MBBS students’ attitudes toward social media use. Materials and Methods: A total of 322 MBBS students (1st year, 2nd-year, 3rd-year, and final-year...

Background: Medical education is the most stressful compared to any other courses. Every

Background: Decline in the cognitive functions is commonly observed in patients suffering with depression. Practicing yoga was reported to improve cognitive functions as well as manages depression. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of yoga practice on cognitive functions among the patients of depression....

Background: As there is an increase in mental health issues among medical students, it is mandatory to assess their mental health status. In our earlier studies, we observed differences in the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress between male and female students. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess depression, anxie...

Background: Decline in the cognitive functions is commonly observed in patients suffering with depression. Practicing yoga was reported to improve cognitive functions as well as manages depression. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of yoga practice on cognitive functions among the patients of depression. Ma...

Background: Regular practice of heartfulness meditation causes a balanced mental state and releases stress. Due to this action, meditation can improve the cognitive functions of individuals. Aims and Objectives: The study determines the effectiveness of 12 weeks of practice of heartfulness meditation on depression, anxiety, stress, and cognitive fu...

Background: Assessment of the psychological and cognitive functions will give an indication of the development of vertigo. However, to support this view, there is very less literature available. Aim and Objective: The present study assesses the psychological and cognitive parameters in patients with vertigo. Materials and Methods: Sixty cases of ve...

Background: Individual is considered as pre-hypertensive when the blood pressure is between 120 and 139/80–89 mmHg. There is an increase in the prevalence of pre-hypertension in Indian population. Hence, early diagnosis of pre-hypertension helps to prevent these diseases and increase the quantity and quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The presen...

Background: The studies on the assessment of Pupil to Limbus Diameter (PLD) ratio correlation with autonomic activity were sparse. Aims and Objectives: The study correlates the PLD ratio with the autonomic activity in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred participants both male and female were recruited for the study. The two-bo...

Background: The existing treatments for PD were associated with side effects and does not offer complete cure. Hence there is a need of alternative therapy which can prevent or delay the onset of PD with less or no side effects. Aim and objective: The overall objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of electrical vestibular ne...

Background: Raja Yoga meditation is supreme meditation that helps to attain control over all the systems of the body including the brain. The studies related to raja yoga meditation and cognition are sparse. Objectives: The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Raja Yoga Meditation on cognitive functions in young adults. Materials and...

Background: It was hypothesized that vestibular stimulation causes beneficial effects in hypertensive patients as so as in diabetic individuals. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 8 weeks of vestibular exercises on stress, sleep, and cognitive parameters in hypertensive patients. Materials and Me...

Background: Understanding the autonomic activity in the early hand helps to begin with effective treatment for the benefit of the individual with type 2 diabetes. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the association of pupil-to-limbus diameter ratio with blood pressure and pulse rate in type 2 diabetic patients. Materi...

Background: It was hypothesized that electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNs) was an effective therapy in the management of obesity. Aims and Objectives: The present pilot study was undertaken to observe the efficacy of 12-week electrical VeNs in the management of obesity. Materials and Methods: As this is a pilot study, a total of ten obese...

Background: It was explained that there are very few studies that exist in the literature that assessed the reaction time in young adults. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to assess and compare the auditory and visual reaction time among male and female young adults. The secondary objective was to compare auditory...

Background: Electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNs) was simple, non-invasive, and can administer the stimulus in a controlled manner. The studies related to the application of electrical VeNs in the management of sleep and autonomic parameters were sparse in the Indian population. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to obse...

Background: It was hypothesized that vestibular stimulation causes improvement in auditory and visual reaction time in young adults.Objective: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 8 weeks of vestibular exercises on auditory and visual reaction time in young adults.Materials and methods: A total of 40 male and female youn...

To study the student’s feedback on the one-month foundation course in the first year MBBS 2019 batch, which was introduced by the Board of Governors, in supersession of the Medical Council of India. 150 first year MBBS students admitted for the academic year 2019-20 were included in the study. The skills taught include the medical profession and th...

Background: Street cleaners are exposed to many risk factors such as dust, chemicals, and gases emitted by vehicles and factories, which make them vulnerable to develop certain occupational diseases. The fact that they do not use any protective measures increases their probability of contacting the hazards associated with chronic dust inhalation....

Objectives The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical vestibular stimulation on the range of motion (ROM) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods The present study was a randomized controlled trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450550). The study participants were assessed at three points of time...

Background: Research is essential for the progress of the medical field. The research base should be developed from the undergraduate level itself. Though there are efforts taken by universities to fund Undergraduate research, the involvement of students is not up to the mark.Objective: The present study was undertaken to observe the perceptions of...

Objectives The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical vestibular stimulation in improving cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods Randomized controlled trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450550). 30 cases of PD, including both males and females were recruited in the study by conve...

Background: There is a raise in the psychological problems globally. Depression, anxiety, and stress are the negative psychological emotions that have to be diagnosed and managed at earlier stages. Vestibular stimulation was known to manage the negative psychological emotions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to observe the effectiven...

Background: it is needed to assess the depression, anxiety, and stress in these individuals as a part of the intervention. Earlier studies in this area assessed only with less sample size. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess depression, anxiety, and stress in the pre hypertensives with large sample size. Materials and methods: A t...

Background: Since years, a number of initiatives were taken to improve the teaching methodology in Medicaleducation.Objective: The present study was undertaken to emphasize the importance of LCD-based teaching over OHP andto increase teachers’ acceptability to LCD.Materials and methods: This study was carried out with 100- 125 students. The study i...

Background: The unprecedented outbreak of a contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus has led to a pandemic since December 2019, claiming millions of lives. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to estimate the various risk factors associated with COVID, to study the common presenting symptoms and prognosis, and t...

Background: Hearing loss (HL) has negative impact on quality of life. The prevalence of HL increases with age. Aims and Objectives: The present study was planned to explore the possible association of hypertension with age-related sensorineural HL (SNHL) in the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the ENT Depar...

Introduction: Depression is the over-riding reason for disability and its global prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. Depression is a substantial contributor to the global disease burden and a crucial determinant of quality of life and survival. Aim: To determine the quality of life of patients with depression who received yoga interve...

Yoga was introduced to the MBBS curriculum on 12 June 2022. There is a need to obtain the perceptions of the students about this introduction of yoga training in their curriculum. The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 10 days of the Yoga program on reaction time and to obtain the perceptions of first-year MBBS students ab...

The orientation program gives information about the course curriculum, future opportunities, campus details and facilities available for students, various learning methods, coping with stress, and mental health. The present study was undertaken to observe the students’ knowledge and attitude and to obtain their feedback regarding the orientation pr...

Background: Dysfunction of the vestibular system was linked with the development of psychological and sleep disorders. Vertigo is one of the most common clinical syndromes with a five percent prevalence in the adult population. Aim and Objective: To determine the depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep in vertigo patients. Material and Methods: A to...

Introduction: Variation in blood pressure and heart rate is observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Pupil to Limbus Diameter (PDL) ratio is one of the emerging autonomic functions. The studies measuring the autonomic functions of Parkinson’s patients are sparse. Aim: To observe the correlation of the PLD ratio with blood pressure and pulse r...

Management of sleep and autonomic parameters are prime importance in diabetic patients. The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 8 weeks of vestibular exercise on sleep and autonomic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 30 participants were recruited for the study. After recruiting, the participants were r...

Studies related to vestibular exercises in the management of diabetes were sparse. Hence, the present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 8 weeks of vestibular exercise on stress and cognitive parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 30 participants were recruited for the study. After recruiting, the participants wer...

There are no studies where the pupil to limbus diameter ratio was assessed in the underweight individuals. Hence, the present study was undertaken to observe the correlation of pupil to limbus diameter ratio (PLD ratio) with blood pressure and pulse rate in underweight females. A total of 30 underweight females were included in the present study af...

Background: Head and neck cancers account for about 30% of all cancers in India. Studies showed that there is an increased primary DNA damage even before the commencement of any modality of treatment in cancer patients which is further increased by the treatment. Chemo-radiation induced DNA damage is not repaired so effectively in patients with car...

Background: At Ujjain district, in which the current study is based, has no prior studies examining the variations of liver function tests in the resident population. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the variation in selective biochemical parameters and their correlation with age and gender in COVID-19 patients of Uj...

WHO defines dementia as a progressive chronic syndrome characterized by deterioration of cognitive function much beyond what is observed in the normal aging process. The impairment in various levels of cognitive functions such as short and long-term memory, abstract thinking, learning capability, orientation, comprehend various tasks, language, and...

Background: It is hypothesized that electrical vestibular stimulation may be an effective adjunctive therapy in the management of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) in the management of pain in patients with temporomand...

Background: The existing treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) were associated with side effects and do not offer a complete cure. Hence, there is a need for an alternative therapy that can prevent or delay the onset of PD with less or no side effects. Our extensive review of literature has shown no studies to be existing so far in India regardin...

Objectives This retrospective, open-label study was undertaken to assess the safety of repeated, long-term electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS). The primary outcome for this study was assessment of hearing function as reported by formal audiometry testing. Methods Assessments were conducted on n=25 long-term users of daily 1.5 mA VeNS. S...

Background: The existing treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) were associated with side effects and do not offer a complete cure. Hence, there is a need for an alternative therapy that can prevent or delay the onset of PD with less or no side effects. Our extensive review of literature has shown no studies to be existing so far in India regardin...

Introduction: Variation in blood pressure and heart rate is observed in patients with parkinson’s disease. Pupil to Limbus Diameter (PDL) ratio is one of the emerging autonomic functions. The studies measuring the autonomic functions of parkinson’s patients are sparse. Aim: To observe the correlation of the PLD ratio with blood pressure and pulse r...

Publication in indexed journal specified by National Medical commission (NMC) is mandatory now a day for promotion of medical faculty in Medical colleges and dental colleges. As research is mandatory for progression of medical field NMC has taken this step. Many of medical teachers are very good at research. They might have knowledge about submissi...

Background: Vestibular stimulation was reported to inhibit the stress axis and brings individual stress to lower levels. This is very beneficial as the management of psychological factors is equivalently important in the management of peptic ulcers. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of vestibular exe...

Psychological parameters play a key role in the daily life of young adults.It was reported that there wasa high incidence of suicidal rate in these age groups when compared with others. The present study wasundertaken to observe the selected psychological parameters that are depression, anxiety, and stress in youngadults. A total of 50 (males =25,...

Background:Morphology and morphometric measurements of the placenta will provide an insight into the aetiology of newborn and maternal complications. Objective:This study aimed to observe the gross morphometric assessment of placenta and to correlate the placental indices with birth weight of the baby in hypertensive and normal pregnancies. Methods...

Objectives Vestibular nerve stimulation using the portable battery-operated vestibular nerve stimulator is a sophisticated method noninvasive, safe, and easy to operate. It was hypothesized that vestibular nerve stimulation is effective in the management of type 2 diabetes. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of v...

Objectives Electrical stimulation of the vestibular system (VeNS) has been shown to improve Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) when delivered during sleep. We hypothesize that repeated electrical vestibular stimulation, when delivered prior to sleep onset, will improve ISI scores. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect that VeNS had on I...

Aging is a physiological process that leads to both biological and psychological changes. The brain undergoes structural changes as a part of aging. According to the investigator's best knowledge and based on the extensive review, no structured study was conducted in India to test the effectiveness of cognitive training program. Hence, the present...

There is a substantial body of evidence, from disparate sources, that vestibular stimulation, particularly of the otolith organs, can modulate metabolism and thus energy homeostasis. We have previously suggested that repeated otolith stimulation could be used to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we pres...

Herbs and spices have been shown to be very effective in the management of the neurological disorders. They have neuroprotective actions that prevent the deterioration of the memory and other cognitive functions in the neurological diseases. Peppermint (menthe×piperita, also known as M. bal-samea wild) is a hybrid mint, a cross between water mint a...

Herbs and spices have been shown to be very effective in the management of the neurological disorders. They have neuroprotective actions that prevent the deterioration of the memory and other cognitive functions in the neurological diseases. Peppermint (menthe×piperita, also known as M. balsamea wild) is a hybrid mint, a cross between water mint an...

We are in amidst of a pandemic. While writing this letter, COVID- 19, which is a devastating pandemic on humankind, has already infected 6,311,980 all over the world and has led to the death of 374,847 people in our planet. Till now, there is no cure for this dreadful disease, but many vaccines are on pipeline, which need months for clinical tr...

It is learnt that Parkinson’s disease has no specific standard treatment, without side effects. Hence, it is very essential to discover a natural therapy which promises less or minimum side effects in delaying or preventing Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study was taken-up to demonstrate the effectiveness of caloric vestibular stimulation on the br...

Music is a divine mode for management of several conditions. Extensive literature is available to support the importance of music in health care management. The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of raga Bhairavi on negative affectivity and social inhibition in elderly women. Thirty elderly women between 50-65 years were incl...