Sagar Maitra

Centurion University of Technology and Management · Agronomy and Agroforestry

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 at Deochanda Experiment Station, Hazaribagh, to study the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)-based intercropping system with cereal, pulses and oilseeds in rainfed uplands of Bihar plateau. Intercropping of chickpea and safflower (Carthamus tinctoriou...

Abstract Intercropping, an age old agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time is generally adopted for more production by utilizing available growth resources. Choice of crops is very important to reap a better harvest from intercropping. The selection of a suitable intercropping system is sort of com...

The scope for enhancement of productivity under irrigated conditions is limited because of over-exploitation of available resources, but there is ample opportunity for boosting yield in drylands by adopting suitable crops and cropping systems. The agricultural sustainability in drylands is comparatively hard to achieve due to different constraints...

Intensive agriculture is based on the use of high energy inputs, quality planting materials with assured irrigation, but it failed to assure agricultural sustainability because of creation of ecological imbalance and degradation of natural resources. On the other hand, intercropping system, also known as mixed cropping or polyculture, a traditional...

Global climate change is impacting havoc on the growth and productivity of various plants. Among different abiotic stresses mainly caused by climate change, the thermo-stresses, that is, stresses caused by heat and cold, are of prime importance in influencing the physiological and metabolic activities of plants. The plant defense mechanism against...

Crop yield estimation is essential for decision-making systems and insurance policy makers. Numerous methodologies for yield estimation have been developed, encompassing crop models, remote sensing techniques, and empirical equations. Each approach holds unique limitations and advantages. The primary aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of...

Crop yield estimation has gained importance due to its vital significance for policymakers and decision-makers in enacting schemes, ensuring food security, and assessing crop insurance losses due to biotic and abiotic stress. This research focused on rice yield estimation at the field level in the Karimnagar district of Telangana during 2021 and 20...

In Tanzania, land degradation has been ranked as the top environmental problem for more than 62 years after independence. Land degradation is a catalyst for poverty increment in rural people’s livelihoods by contributing up to a 48% increase in poverty of this population. This paper highlights land degradation as a key constraint to sunflower produ...

A low glycemic index fine rice variety RNR 15048 (Telangana Sona) suitable for both kharif and summer seasons was introduced in southern Odisha in 2019 kharif season. Its nitrogen and Phosphorus requirement was not worked out for kharif / rabi / summer seasons. An experiment was conducted during summer season of 2022 at M.S. Swaminathan School of a...

A millet-based intercropping system is common in dryland and rainfed conditions. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) exhibits wide adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions and seasons, making it suitable for an intercropping system. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a leguminous oil-seed crop that can be cultivated as an intercrop in vari...

The significance of sustainable crop production for both global food security and environmental preservation cannot be overstated. Conservation agriculture (CA) has garnered widespread recognition for its sustainable methods, particularly its emphasis on permanent soil cover, minimal soil disturbance, and integrated weed management. However, weed c...

Background: Maize, which is an important cereal for its yield potential and it can be influenced by various agronomic factors. In hybrid maize, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index are strongly affected due to applied nutrients. The amount of dry matter accumulation is directly related to the grain yield. The present study has been conducted...

Rising temperature and consequent variations in climate unfavorable affect plant growth and development and catastrophic result loss of wheat productivity. In temperature for each degree increase, wheat production decrease by 6% is estimated. Responses of wheat to stress of heat morphophysiological may help formulating appropriate strategies for he...

Most arid and semiarid areas are bare and greatly infested with intrusive wild species. Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense Piper.) are the supreme droughttolerant grasses that are commonly grown in dry regions. Besides water, nitrogen (N) is a vital element limiting the growth, yield, and herbage quality of such...

Background: The nutrient management practices are largely known to influence dry matter accumulation and translocation in rice. However, the role of precision nutrient management in dry matter partitioning to the reproductive parts of rice is still unexplored. Methods: The present trial was conducted during boro season of 2021-22 at PG Experimental...

Background: Despite the emergence of numerous smart tools in recent times, a significant research gap still exists in identifying the most effective smart tool that optimally synchronizes fertilizer application with crop requirements, thereby promoting crop growth and productivity in accordance with the principles of SSNM. Methods: The present inve...

Nanotechnology is the growing field through which medicine, agriculture, biotechnology and other industrial sectors can be benefited. It deals with the synthesis and development of nanomaterials which may be further modified by using different biotechnological tools. The synthesis of nanoparticles through the fabrication of biological agents viz. f...

Maize’s high production potential, flexibility, and demand have led to a steady expansion of the land dedicated to growing the crop. Since maize is highly nutrient demanding crop, farmers are applying huge amount of nutrients which can lead to soil degradation and may cause environmental pollution. As an alternative for these circumstances, the pre...

Conventional tillage methods and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers are causes of edaphic problems like soil degradation and loss of soil fertility which reduces crop yield. Puddling now-a-days, has become a major challenge for farmers due to breaking the soil structure, deficit water regimes, and depletion of soil health. Keeping in view,...

Maize is a versatile cereal crop that offers enough scope for adoption of intercropping system. Inclusion of legumes as intercrops with maize offers numerous benefits such as enhancement of productivity from unit area, crop diversification, efficient resource use and agricultural sustainability. Based on the above facts, an experiment was conducted...

Rice is a crucial cereal crop in India and globally, serving as a staple food for over 50% of the world's population. In India, rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in agriculture. As we know, rice, being a cereal crop, requires substantial amounts of nutrients, particularly primary nutrients. Effective nutrient management practices are crucia...

This study was carried out to determine areas best suited for capsicum production in the peri-urban counties of Nairobi, Kenya for growing capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.). The study used a multi-criteria evaluation approach by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These methods involved a selection of various criteria used for analysis and c...

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of Tanzania’s high-potential cash crops. Nonetheless, nutrient depletion, especially nitrogen (N), is limiting its productivity. The study was conducted in the semi- arid -Dodoma region in Tanzania where it adopted a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments each replicated four times. These...

Food and nutritional security can be achieved by the adoption of sustainable practices in agriculture and allied sectors. Like food crops, livestock production has enormous importance in supplying healthy and nutritious foods. During recent years, urbanization, industrialization, and per capita income growth have further raised the demand for lives...

Among various crops, fruits play an important role to offer dietary requirements. Banana is one of the vital fruits in India and ranks second in terms of area under cultivation. As banana needs enough of nutrients and water to ensure high productivity, proper agronomic management on the aspects are essential. Recently, the adoption of drip irrigati...

The traditional use of fertilizers as per the recommendations has some limitations as it does not consider the site-specific and timely application. In this practice, less emphasis was given to resource use efficiency which may leads to various problems related to non-judicious use of essential inputs and agricultural sustainability. In terms of fe...

Exploration of suitable rice establishment coupled with weed management for better productivity and profitability for the farmers of coastal ecology is very important. Concerning this, a field experiment was conducted at during the Kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to study the growth, yield, and economics in rice under different crop establishment me...

Modern and industrialized agriculture enhanced farm output during the last few decades, but it became possible at the cost of agricultural sustainability. Industrialized agriculture focussed only on the increase in crop productivity and the technologies involved were supply-driven, where enough synthetic chemicals were applied and natural resources...

The global increase in the frequency of climatic extremes exposed the plants to various abiotic stresses. Assuring food as well as nutritional security of the increasing climate change-induced abiotic stress turned out to be a major challenge for the sustainability of crop production in the current era. To cope with this situation, researchers have...

Microbes are considered one of the most important living organisms in agriculture, and changing climatic scenarios influence microbial diversity highly impacting overall agriculture. Soil microbial diversity is highly altered with changes in soil moisture, types of vegetation, soil reaction, soil organic matter, etc. Climate change results in incre...

The cultivation of millets is widely known from ancient periods across the globe. These are nutritionally rich, drought tolerant and low external input requiring small grained crops. As millets are comparatively more efficient in carbon assimilation than cereals so they are believed to attribute for reduction in carbon footprint. Further, their...

Advances in agricultural technologies and inputs result in higher productivity and they should reduce the ill-effects on the environment and augment the sustainability of the system. During post green revolution era, indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has spoilt the agroecosystem and the overall ecological balance. Such anthropogenic intervent...

Biochar is gaining a lot of attention because it can boost crop yield and quality, enhance the health and fertility of the soil, and carbon sequestration (C). To make up for anthropogenic carbon emissions, biochar is primarily used to trap carbon. By agglomerating the soil with biochar, one can increase the rate of infiltration, increase the so...

Reduction in cultivable land, increase in population, reduction of water resources, and climate change has led to tremendous pressure on the farmers and soil. Precision in water management, nutrient management and pest management has become the major concerns of the farmers. In order to reduce the losses due to climate change, farmers are now movin...

Micro irrigation is a method of providing crops with water that is in high demand globally due to the need to meet food demands and address water shortages. This method of irrigation has several advantages over traditional irrigation techniques. It allows for the distribution of small volumes of water directly to the root zone of the crop, incorpor...

Abiotic stresses pose severe negative impact on crop development and yield. Therefore, it is important to find out improved sustainable approaches of crop production under abiotic stress conditions in the modern era of climate change. Nevertheless, plant have the complex ways of responding to abiotic stresses regulated by genetic and molecular mech...

The present agriculture is in a huge pressure due to continuous increase in human population and adverse effects of climate change on farming. During the post Green Revolutuion eras, input supply driven technologies resulted in declining of natural resources and yield plateauing. Under the alarming situation, it is meaningful to pplant for adoption...

Legumes in Conservation Agriculture (CA) have the potential to increase crop productivity and sustainability of the rice-based system. However, there is limited information available on the importance of legume crops in CA in the rice-based system of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (EIGP). Rice-based cropping is the mainstay of the people in Bangla...

Legumes in Conservation Agriculture (CA) have the potential to increase crop productivity and sustainability of the rice-based system. However, there is limited information available on the importance of legume crops in CA in the rice-based system of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (EIGP). Rice-based cropping is the mainstay of the people in Bangla...

With the advancement of science, better monitoring of soil and water quality has become possible. Many contaminants have been reported in the recent past that influence the quality of soil and water negatively. However, the consideration of these pollutants or contaminants is still in the initial stage and needs to be explored in detail for a bette...

Wheat is a major contributor to the staple food for the whole world community. It is considered the second most important crop that occupies over 200 million ha of land with a global production of more than 700 million tons and accounts for ~20% dietary protein of people across the globe. In the present context of agriculture, abiotic stresses are...

Wheat, the most important cereal crop in the poaceae family, contributes around 30% of global grain production. It is a significant contributor to our country's food security. Abiotic stress poses challenges to plant growth and development in terms of ecological impacts. During reproductive growth abiotic stress induces redox imbalance. Plants crea...

Currently, agriculture is facing a huge trouble which includes depletion of air, water, soil quality and threats of climate change. Under such circumstances, an ecologically hardy crop can be an alternative option to withstand all the limiting factors. Among all the cereals, millets can be considered as a hardy crop which can thrive under any stres...

Water deficit stress exposure frequently constrains plant and agri-food production globally. Biostimulants (BSs) can be considered a new tool in mitigating water deficit stress. This study aimed to understand how BSs influence water deficit stress perceived by savory plants (Satureja hortensis L.), an important herb used for nutritional and herbal...

Waterlogging stress in wheat caused severe damage to the crop as it cannot withstand under waterlogged conditions. This stress ceases root and stem growth in wheat plants because reduction in plant height, decrease in spike-bearing tillers, and reduction in grain yield have been observed. Waterlogged stress resulted in average decreases of 39%–44%...

Environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity, and low temperature can adversely modulate the responses of field crops by altering the morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes in plants. It is estimated that about 50% of global crop productivity is limited due to various kinds of abiotic stresses. However, there are two ways...

A survey was conducted on farmers’ fields at Werugha and Wusi‐Kishamba wards in Taita Taveta County, Kenya to assess the factors influencing farmers' decisions on the use of bioslurry in the management of soil fertility. Knowledge gaps on bio‐slurry use provide contrasting claims about the value of bio‐slurry from source, storage and handling, crop...

In the present context of climate change and declining productivity of major crops, it is important to cultivate an environmentally friendly crop. Millets are ecologically sound and can be grown under diverse agroclimatic conditions. Millet-based cropping system is common in dryland and rainfed conditions. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) has a...

Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation is catching up in India to fulfil the future demand. Odisha is a non-traditional state for maize cultivation; however, it has been intensified in the state during last one and half decades. As maize is a wide spaced crop, the inter row space allows to grow the short statured crops such as legumes. Maize - legume inte...

The production of major field crops, namely, rice, wheat, and maize, is highly vulnerable to climatic factors and abiotic stresses. In the present era of climate change, abiotic factors emerged as limiting concerns for flourishing the growth and yield. Among the abiotic factors, temperature, soil moisture, salinity, elevated carbon dioxide levels a...

Maize (Zea mays L.), the queen of cereals, has a versatile use as food, feed, and industrial purpose, andthe area under maize has been increasing in India in recent times. As a widely spaced crop, it offersthe provision of adoption for the intercropping system without reducing the optimum plant stand inadditive series. Based on the above facts, a f...

Rising population and shrinking resource base require sustainable agricultural approach to fulfil the requirement of food-feed-fibre in the coming future. Achieving higher productivity from a shrinking resource base becomes even more difficult under the threat of a changing climate. As different crops respond differently to changing climate, hence...

Intercropping system is an age-old cropping system where two or more crops coexist for a significant time of their growth period. In the present context of negative impacts on crop productivity and soil fertility, a system approach in cropping has become more relevant. The book ‘Intercropping System’ is divided into nine chapters that deal with the...

The brown-top millet has huge untapped potential for drylands in terms of assuring food, nutrition, and livelihood security to smallholders. As a drought-tolerant and climate-smart crop, it provides enough scope as an adaptation option to combat ill effects of global warming and climate change. The crop is resistant to various biotic and abiotic st...

Globally, a continuous and swift increase in population raised the water demand. Due to scarcity in available freshwater resources, ground water turned out to be a key source of water for crop and human consumption. Recently, many groundwater aquifers across the world reported exceeding the limits of the prescribed arsenic level, in turn raising a...

Intensive tillage coupled with imbalanced nutrient management in maize-wheat systems in low-carbon calcareous soils often results in poor productivity vis-à-vis degradation in soil health. Conservation tillage viz. permanent bed planting (PB) and zero tillage (ZT)/ direct seeding with residue retention coupled with precision nutrient management mig...

Aluminium (Al) is the primary reason for toxicity in acid soils due to the phytotoxicity of these soils along with high mineral content (Rahman et al. 2018). There is reduction in nutrient and water uptake in the root tip of plant caused by Al toxicity because of cell divi- sion and elongation (Yang et al. 2013). Many crops and/or crop species show...

Rice holds key importance in food and nutritional security across the globe. Nutrient management involving rice has been a matter of interest for a long time owing to the unique production environment of rice. In this research, an artificial neural network-based prediction model was developed to understand the role of individual nutrients (N, P, K,...

Purpose This study assessed the synergistic effect of inoculation and phosphatic fertilizer application on nodulation, yields, economic returns, P uptake and use efficacy of soybean. Methodology The experiment was carried out during the two growing seasons of 2021 (long and short rains) in Uganda with experiment laid out under a split-plot arrangem...

Intercropping system is an age-old cropping system where two or more crops coexist for a significant time of their growth period. In the present context of negative impacts on crop productivity and soil fertility, a system approach in cropping has become more relevant. The book 'Intercropping System' is divided into nine chapters that deal with the...

Maize, an essential food item in Kenya, is grown in soils characterized by low pH and low plant-available phosphorus (P), particularly in the Western part of the nation. Low available P and soil acidity are the fundamental causes of low soil fertility in many cropped soils. Such farms are also characterized by low soil nitrogen (N) and inadequate u...

This paper highlights the importance of sunflower, and its current status, giving the prospects of improving its production through intercropping it with sunn hemp legume. The review focuses on Tanzania, where smallholder farmers mainly produce sunflower as a cash crop and a source of vegetable oil. The crop’s production is threatened by decreased...

This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. Greengram(Vigna radiate L.) is a source of quality protein which content n...

This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. Maize an important cereal is highly influenced by nitrogen application. Mo...

Conventional farming methods and technologies prevalent in India are no longer able to increase productivity. Instead, they are continuously increasing the hazard caused to the environment. Thus, the hazard caused to the environment needs to be overcome for the betterment of the rare planet earth. The traditional methods of sowing, irrigation, fert...