Sadasivam Anbumani

Indian Institute of Toxicology Research | IITR · ECOTOXICOLOGY

An electro-conductive sensing material utilizing polylactic acid–carbon nanofibers and a paper-based colorimetric sensor was developed for nitrate detection.

Carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged in biomedical and agricultural domains, mainly for their probe applications in developing efficient sensors. However, the existing high-temperature approaches limit the industrial level scaling up to further translate them into different products by mass-scale fabrication of CDs. To address this, we have atte...

The present study investigated the concerted effort of Eisenia fetida and rhamnolipid JBR-425 in combination with a five-member bacterial consortium exhibiting elevated degradation levels of low and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soil contaminated with Digboi crude oil. Application of bacterial consortium (G2) deg...

Bioelectrodes with low carbon footprint can provide an innovative solution to the surmounting levels of e-waste. Biodegradable polymers offer green and sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials. Here, a chitosan-carbon nanofiber (CNF) based membrane has been developed and functionalized for electrochemical sensing application. The surface cha...

For the neutralization of porous organic pollutants (POPs), the generation of an effective catalyst that can be handled safely and applied in personal protective equipment is required. Herein, an innovative magnetic core-shell iron oxide-based MOF was synthesized and successfully used as a nanocatalyst for the degradation of cationic dyes. MIL-101(...

For the neutralization of porous organic pollutants (POPs), the generation of an effective catalyst that can be handled safely and applied in personal protective equipment is required. Herein, an innovative magnetic core-shell iron oxide-based MOF was synthesised and successfully used as a nanocatalyst for the degradation of cationic dyes. MIL-101(...

Microplastic (MP) pollution has pressing concerns regarding environmental health and the availability of safe food for humans. Information on the occurrence of MP in freshwater biota in the Indian scenario is currently lacking. The present study examined MP contamination in edible and non-edible tissues of widely consumed freshwater fishes. All the...

Globally, plastic contamination is one of the serious planetary threats, affecting almost all environmental matrices such as air, water, soil, sediment, and biota (including humans). It is estimated that ~19 to 23 million metric tonnes of plastic waste were generated and entered the environment in 2016, worldwide (Borrelle et al., 2020). Moreover,...

The rapidly growing electronic and plastic wastes has become a global environmental concern. Developing advanced and environmentally safe agro-based materials is an emerging field with an enormous potential for applications in sensors and devices. Here, an agro-based material as membrane has been developed by incorporating tapioca starch and banana...

In 2019, sands in nearby runoff streams from public beach showers were sampled on three islands in the State of Hawaii and tested for over 18 different petrochemical UV filters. Beach sands that are directly in the plume discharge of beach showers on three of the islands of Hawaii (Maui, Oahu, Hawai’i) were found to be contaminated with a wide arra...

A preponderance of recent evidence indicates that oxybenzone and other personal-care product chemicals threaten the biota inhabiting various ecological niches. What is understudied is the ecotoxicological impact of oxybenzone, a UV filter in sunscreens and anti-aging products, to terrestrial/soil organisms that are keystone species in these habitat...

The ever-growing demand and consumption of plastic has created irrevocable havoc on earth. The exponential increase in the production of plastic is expected to create 2,134 million tons of waste by 2050, which surpasses the fish mass in the oceans. With no proper reuse or recycling policies and gruesome exploitation of this persistent pollutant, pl...

Pollution by microplastics is a recent global problem owing to their preponderance in various matrices like air, water, biota, sediment, or soil and has become a global concern for the future generation sustainability. The mushrooming concerns about the detrimental effects of microplastics (MPs) on biota in response to its crescive detection and qu...

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a metabolic product of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), the major phytochemicals present in cruciferous vegetables, which can modulate multiple signalling pathways in cancer. The present study deals with the mechanism of action of two synthetic biaryl conjugates of DIM in triple negative breast cancer cells. Out of twelve DIM deri...

Rhodococci are typical soil inhabitants which take part in remediation of soil polluted with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we describe a new strain, Rhodococcus qingshengii 7B, which is capable of growth and hydrocarbon degradation at 45°C and in the presence of up to 10% NaCl in the medium. The genome of the 7B strain consists of a 6,278,280 bp chr...

Pollution by plastics and its mismanagement is a threat to the human society. Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles with size less than 5 mm, ubiquitous in water and soil landscapes. However, information on the occurrence of MPs on freshwater biota in Indian scenario is currently lacking. The present study examined the organ-wise contamination...

The growing production of cosmetic products such as organic UV filters (OUVFs) in recent years has raised concern regarding their safety to human and environmental health. The inability of wastewater treatment plants in removing these chemical entities and their high octanol-water partition coefficient values tend to result in the persistence of OU...

Enormous production of cosmetic products and its indiscriminate use tends to discharge into the aquatic environment and might threaten non-target organisms inhabiting aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, developmental toxicity of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), a widely used organic UV filter in personal care products has been evaluated u...

Efficacious pesticide formulations having prolonged activity with minimal environmental risks is imperative for sustainable agriculture. Control release formulation is a prudent approach towards efficient pesticide utilization with reduced environmental implications. This work embodies an innovative pesticide formulation using chitosan (Cht)-algina...

The practice of using plastic for several decades now has shown its close association with us owing to its omnipresence in water and food we consume and the air we breathe. Anthropogenic activity, the most imperative cause of microplastic (MP) contamination, is evidenced in various ecosystems from land to river, oceans, and artic to antarctic habit...

In this chapter, we discussed the two widely used medical implants and their role, application, and effectiveness among women. An implant is an artificial implement or a device that is used in the medical field to restore the natural appearance of body structure or to correct any sort of deformities. The evacuation of the implant is basically depen...

Concerns about the adverse health effects of chemicals and radiation present in the environment and at workplaces have created the need for better detection systems to assess their potential to cause DNA damage in humans and other organisms across ecosystems. The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology is the first comprehensive volume concerning the use...

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics in the environment has drawn the attention of ecotoxicologists on its safety and toxicity. Sources of microplastics in the environment include disintegration of larger plastic items (secondary microplastics), personal care products like liquid soap, exfoliating scrubbers, and cleaning supplies etc. Indiscrim...

Using Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, we evaluated the radioprotective and antioxidant effects of the Indian traditional medicine Shilajit exposed to X-Ray. The Zebrafish were divided into three experimental groups and control group, each group containing ten fish. The three experimental fish groups, group I, group II and group III wer...

To estimate the influence of ionizing radiation on human health, as well as on the state of natural ecosystems in areas of increased radiation contamination, universal methods of bioindication and biodosimetry are needed. The specific effect of ionizing radiation, observed in somatic cells of different organisms, is double-strand DNA breaks with th...

To estimate the influence of ionizing radiation on human health, as well as on the state of natural ecosystems in areas of increased radiation contamination, universal methods of bioindication and biodosimetry are needed. The specific effect of ionizing radiation, observed in somatic cells of different organisms, is double-strand DNA breaks with th...

Studies on transcriptional modulation after gamma radiation exposure in fish are limited. Cell cycle perturbations and expression of apoptotic genes were investigated in the fish, Catla catla after acute and protracted exposures to gamma radiation over a 90 day period. Significant changes in gene expression were observed between day 1 and 90 post-e...

Gamma radiation-induced genetic perturbations in aquatic vertebrates is largely unknown at low-dose rate, especially in the wake of a nuclear disaster and/or other environmental outbreaks. Freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus subjected to low-dose rate (2 mGy/min) at 2.5-, 5-, and 10-Gy doses, were analyzed for "exposure signatures" in blood sa...

Cytogenotoxic effects in the form of micronuclei and deformed nucleus, nuclear buds, binucleated cells, vacuolated nucleus, vacuolated cytoplasm, echinocytes, and enucleus induced by two compounds belonging to two different chemical classes of agrochemicals (monocrotophos and butachlor) at sublethal concentrations (0.625, 1.3, and 2.3 ppm and 0.016...

The sub lethal effect of the Alachlor 50% EC on certain enzymes in tissue such as total protein, triglyceride, AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALT (Alanine transaminase) and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus during and after the cessation of the exposure were observed. Ten fish were exposed chronically to two sublet...

The sub lethal effect of the Alachlor 50% EC on certain enzymes in tissue such as total protein, triglyceride, AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALT (Alanine transaminase) and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus during and after the cessation of the exposure were observed. Ten fish were exposed chronically to two sublet...

Ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in fishes is a scarcely studied topic and very few studies are available in fishes exposed to ionizing radiation using the erythrocyte micronucleus assay under laboratory conditions. Since radionuclides released accidentally or during a nuclear disaster can contaminate inland water bodies, biomonitoring methods...

Abstract Environmental mutagens such as ionizing radiation and chemicals induce DNA damage in a wide variety of organisms. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recently emphasized the need to protect non-human biota from the potential effects of ionizing radiation. Radiation exposures to non-humans can occur as a resu...

The piscine erythrocyte micronucleus assay is a proven and sensitive indicator of DNA damage. Recently, several nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities other than Micronuclei (MN) have drawn wide attention. These include Nuclear Bud (NBu), Lobed Nucleus (LN), Nuclear Bridge (NBr), Anisochromasia (AN), Vacuolated Cytoplasm (VC) and Vacuolated Nucleus...