Saad Alghuwainem

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at King Saud University

This study combines the metaheuristic algorithm Transient Search Optimization (TSO) with the Levy flight distribution to find the optimal proportional-integral (PI) controllers for robust operation of islanded microgrids. The first step is to use the response surface methodology (RSM) to empirically express the multi-objective function. This functi...

For process control in engineering applications, the fewer the coding lines of optimization algorithms, the more applications there are. Therefore, this work develops a new straightforward metaheuristic optimization algorithm named the propagation search algorithm (PSA), stirred by the wave propagation of the voltage and current along long transmis...

Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) in electrical networks is essential for the secure and stable operation of the entire power system; it also significantly impacts the economic situation. However, the solution of ORPD is highly complex while considering the multiple variables, time-varying characteristics, dynamic loads such as electric vehicl...

Although the main concern of consumers is to reduce the cost of energy consumption, zero-energy buildings are the main concern of governments, which reduce the carbon footprint of the residential sector. Therefore, homeowners are motivated to install distributed renewable energy resources such as solar energy, which includes photovoltaics (PVs), so...

This study introduces a new method for achieving the robust performance of an isolated microgrid (MG) using an adaptive-width generalized correntropy diffusion algorithm (AWGC-DA). In the approach, the width of the kernel is adjustable, allowing the program to reject misleading input from attackers; the technique may identify attackers using a simp...

This paper proposes a novel hybrid optimization technique based on a machine learning (ML) approach and transient search optimization (TSO) to solve the optimal power flow problem. First, the study aims at developing and evaluating the proposed hybrid ML-TSO algorithm. To do so, the optimization technique is implemented to solve the classical optim...

The aim of this article is to introduce a novel Circle Search Algorithm (CSA) with the purpose of obtaining a precise electrical model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Current-voltage and current-power curves are used to characterize the performance of PEMFCs. A nonlinear model with seven unknown parameters is used to describe these...

This paper presents a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the geometrical features of circles, called the circle search algorithm (CSA). The circle is the most well-known geometric object, with various features including diameter, center, perimeter, and tangent lines. The ratio between the radius and the tangent line segment is t...

This is a new efficient and simple-structured optimization algorithm. We strongly encourage researchers to apply this code easily in many applications.

This paper introduces a novel enhancement to the Transient Search Optimization (TSO) algorithm to estimate an accurate electrical model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The PEMEFC model is a non-linear model that includes seven unknown variables which cannot be calculated analytically. The TSO is enhanced by inserting two new fact...

Three-diode model (TDM) of photovoltaic (PV) cells is more accurate model that includes most of the optical and electrical losses of PV module. However, the nonlinearity and parameters of this TDM are higher, which make it complex and challengeable model. This article utilizes an efficient algorithm called the Circle Search Algorithm (CSA) for accu...

This algorithm is inspired by the transient behavior of RLC electrical circuits during switching. It is easy to apply this algorithm to any optimization algorithm.

This article offers a new physical-based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which is named Transient Search Optimization (TSO) algorithm. This algorithm is inspired by the transient behavior of switched electrical circuits that include storage elements such as inductance and capacitance. The exploration and exploitation of the TSO algorithm are...

This paper depicts a new attempt to apply a novel transient search optimization (TSO) algorithm to optimally design the proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Optimal PI controllers are utilized in all converters of a grid-linked permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) powered by a variable-speed wind turbine. The converters of such wind ene...

This article proposes a novel adaptive control scheme based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers and new adaptive filtering algorithm called the least mean square root of exponential (LMSRE) algorithm. Firstly, the proposed LMSRE algorithm is applied to unknown system identification then it is compared with other benchmarks algorithms such as...

This paper presents a novel efficient metaheuristic algorithm called Transient Search Optimization (TSO), which is inspired by the transient process of the inductive and capacitive circuits. Also, this paper presents an objective function based on the datasheet of PV modules at standard test conditions (STC). Then, the TSO algorithm is applied to m...

The accurate electrical modeling of photovoltaic (PV) module is vital due to the extensive installation of photovoltaic power plants. Therefore, the scientists suggested a three-diode photovoltaic (TDPV) model for precise modeling of PV losses. However, TDPV is a complex and nonlinear model that contains nine unknown parameters. Hence, this paper p...

Due to the fast increase of photovoltaic (PV) adoption and utilization, their efficiency and power quality become of great importance. The grid connected inverter is a basic part in grid tied solar system. The inverter design has to keep the total harmonic distortion (THD) under permissible and tolerable limits. In this work, several techniques hav...

This article presents an optimum design of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy logic controllers (TS-FLCs) to enhance capability of fault ride-through (FRT) and the maximal power point tracking (MPPT) of the grid-tied wind farms. To obtain the optimum TS-FLCs, salp-swarm-algorithm (SSA) applied to minimize the sum of integral squared-error (ISE) function, where th...

Due to the extensive penetration of wind power plants (WPPs) into the grid, grid codes have been imposed such that the WPPs stay linked to the grid during faults for a period to maintain the grid stability. This paper designs optimal Sugeno fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) to improve the fault ride-through (FRT) ability of grid-connected WPPs. The me...

This paper exhibits a novel application of the coyote optimization algorithm (COA) in order to extract the nine unknown parameters of the three-diode photovoltaic (PV) model of PV modules. The main target of this study is to obtain a very highly precise PV model, which can be efficiently applied to represent the PV system in the simulation of dynam...

Due to the stochastic nature of wind speed, energy storage systems are used to reduce the fluctuations of the output power of wind farms. In this paper, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is used to smoothen the output power of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by a variable speed wind turbine. The PMSG is conne...

The penetration rate of grid‐tied wind turbine generator systems (WTGSs) into the existing electricity networks is rapidly increasing worldwide. Huge efforts are exerted for improving the characteristics of variable‐speed wind energy conversion systems. This study exhibits a novel symbiotic organisms search algorithm (SOSA)‐based optimal control st...

This article proposes an accurate and straightforward method for modeling and simulation of photovoltaic (PV)modules. The main target is to find the nine-parameter of a three-diode (TD)model based on the datasheet parameters, which are given by all commercial PV modules. The objective function is formulated based on short circuit, open circuit, pow...

This article presented a novel modification and application of the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) that is inspired by the chain behavior of salp fishes that live in deep oceans. Firstly, the enhanced salp swarm algorithm (ESSA) is proposed to improve the inadequate results of the SSA compared to the other algorithms, especially for the high dimensional...

This paper presents a novel application of a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to improve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator driven directly by a variable speed wind turbine (DD-PMSG-VSWT). The LVRT capability and MPPT enhancements are achieve...

The grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is a new meta-heuristic algorithm inspired from the leadership and prey searching, encircling, and hunting of the grey wolves’ community. The GWO algorithm has the advantages of simplicity (less control parameters), flexibility, and globalism. In this paper, a simple and efficient augmentation for the GWO (AGWO) algori...

The large power penetration of wind farms into the power grids requires new regulations by transmission system operators to keep them connected to the grid as long as possible. Grid disturbances such as voltage dips cause islanding of wind farms on the way to protect its apparatus from damage due to a high current flowing. The grid stability will s...

The output power of wind farms is fluctuating as a result of the wind speed variation. These power fluctuations disturb the quality of voltage and frequency of grid. The fluctuated power can be smoothed via many methods such as controlling the pitch angle of blades, the rotor inertia, and using the energy storage systems (ESSs). These ESSs are most...

Differential relays are designed to protect the PTs (power transformers) from total damage when faults occur inside the PTs. Differential protection security of PTs is affected by external disturbances such as inrush currents, external faults, and over-excitation which cause undesired PT outage. In this work, a reliable algorithm is presented to im...

Differential relays security to the external faults is affected by the saturation of branches’ current transformers (CTs). In this paper, a simple scheme is proposed to enhance the security of differential numerical relay by extracting the 2nd order harmonic using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to produce a restraint signal to inhibit the relay opera...

This paper presents an efficient, and flexible method of steady-state performance analysis of the three-phase self-excited induction generator. The method equates the total real and reactive power of the equivalent circuit to zero. Unlike the previous methods which equate total node admittance or total loop impedance to zero, the proposed method pr...

Tripping of one circuit of a heavily loaded double-circuit transmission line may lead to tripping of the healthy circuit due to an out-of-step condition. Out of step is resulted by overloading of the healthy circuit. In this paper, a reliable and economical scheme of using series capacitors is proposed to avoid tripping of healthy circuit. Series C...

Distinguishing a balanced three phase fault from a power swing is difficult since both have similar characteristics. In this paper a new algorithm to detect three phase faults during power swings is proposed. The algorithm is based on separating the power swing blocking (PSB) schemes into two distinct schemes, namely PSB1 and PSB2. The first scheme...

In recent years, research efforts have focused on techniques for condition based maintenance of power cables. In this regards, several online partial discharge measuring systems are available in the market. However, use of the online PD measuring system in field poses several challenges due to presence of noise, attenuation and dispersion. Noise an...

Power distribution system relies heavily on a vast network of medium voltage (MV) underground cables for power delivery. Condition monitoring technologies can, therefore, play a vital role in attempting to target the cables that pose the most urgent reliability concerns. Maintaining or increasing a power system's reliability at minimal cost is an i...

This paper presents transient and islanding time-domain simulation of grid-connected induction generator feeding induction motor and resistive loads. The behavior of the system following a three-phase short-circuit in the grid network is investigated. Also the behavior of the system when it is suddenly disconnected from the grid is investigated und...

The transient behavior of wind-driven induction generator is analyzed. The generator is assumed to be running at steady-state with a certain real and reactive power flow conditions when a sudden disturbance occurs. An example of the disturbance may be a sudden disconnection from the utility grid. The generator is modeled using the universal machine...

This paper presents steady-state analysis and control of a wind-driven stand-alone 3-phase self-excited induction generator supplying a 3-phase induction motor. The induction motor drives mechanical load (such as a water-pump) which has a given speed-torque characteristics. The steady-state equivalent circuit of the system is analyzed using the nod...

Due to speed fluctuations of unregulated wind-turbines, the terminal voltage may increase to dangerously high levels which have been reported to cause capacitor failure at windfarms. This paper examines the steady-state analysis and performance characteristics of a stand-alone self-excited induction generator (SEIG) when a transformer is connected...

This paper examines the steady-state analysis and performance of an isolated three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) driven by regulated and unregulated turbines. For the case of a regulated turbine, the equivalent circuit is solved with speed as a constant parameter, while for the unregulated turbine, the speed is considered as a varia...

This paper presents steady-state analysis of a stand-alone 3-phase self-excited induction generator supplying a 3-phase induction motor. The induction motor is driving a load with a specified speed-torque characteristics. The steady-state equivalent circuits of both machines are connected in tandem and analyzed using the node-admittance method. The...

Poor voltage regulation is one of the major drawbacks of an isolated self-excited induction generator. The terminal voltage may increase considerably due to a small increase in speed. In most developing countries, unregulated wind-turbines are often used due to their lower cost. Under these conditions the terminal voltage may increase to a dangerou...

The terminal voltage of a self-excited isolated induction generator (SEIG), supplying a fixed load, may increase considerably due to a small increase in speed, excitation capacitance or both. In most developing countries, unregulated wind-turbines are often used due to their lower cost. Under such conditions the voltage may increase to a dangerousl...

A solar cell array is inherently a nonlinear device consisting of several solar cell modules connected in series-parallel combinations to provide the desired DC voltage and current. At a fixed insolation level, the terminal voltage decreases nonlinearly as the load current increases. Due to this nonlinearity, it is difficult to determine analytical...

Photovoltaic (PV) powered DC motors driving dedicated loads (e.g. water pumps) are increasingly used in the remote rural areas of many developing countries. The key to their success is simplicity (direct coupling, no DC-AC conversion, no storage batteries, etc.). Because of the relatively high cost of the PV array, the system designer is interested...

Photovoltaic (PV) powered DC motors driving dedicated loads (e.g. water pumps) are increasingly used in the remote rural areas of many developing countries. The key to their success is simplicity (direct coupling, no DC-AC inversion, no storage batteries, etc.). In this paper, a PV powered DC motor is used to drive an isolated three-phase self-exci...

A photovoltaic (PV) generator is a nonlinear device having insolation-dependent volt-ampere characteristics. Because of its relatively high cost, the system designer is interested in optimum matching of the motor and its mechanical load to the PV generator so that maximum power is obtained during the entire operating period. However, since the maxi...

A simple step-up converter circuit consisting of a single power transistor and an inductor is used as an interface between a PV (photovoltaic) generator and a shunt DC motor driving a centrifugal water pump. The step-up converter allows maximum power output from the PV generator to the motor at all insolation levels. Steady-state performance of the...