S. K. Parida

• M.Sc. M.Phil. Ph.D.
• Associate Professor at Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University

This chapter explores the evolving landscape of additive manufacturing technologies- 3D, 4D, and 5D printing and their application in polymer composites. It examines the processing techniques employed in each technology, highlighting their respective advantages and challenges. Key topics include material selection, design considerations, mechanical...

In this chapter, the fundamental concept of the 3D, 4D and 5D printing technology has been discussed briefly. Unlike traditional manufacturing procedures, 3D printing is an additive process that has become a practical way to build technical components. Here, 3D, 4D and 5D printings are the modern advanced emerging technologies for a wide range of a...

This study investigates the structural, microstructural, dielectric, and electrical properties of BiNaZnMoO₆ (BNZM) ceramic synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method. Preliminary structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggests orthorhombic crystal symmetry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs reveal a unifor...

The single-phase ceramic sample (1-x)Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (x = 0.4 and 0.6) was prepared using a solid-state reaction method. The prepared sample shows mixed phase of the tetragonal and rhombohedral crystal structure from XRD. The phase transition from tetragonal to rhombohedral is caused by the red shifting of the vibration B1/E(TO3)...

The novel complex perovskite CaKFeWO6 prepared by the solid-state reaction method has been reported in this communication. Structural, surface analysis, dielectric and electrical (both at low and high temperatures), transport, thermistor, and optical characterization of the prepared polycrystalline material were discussed in the study. Monoclinic s...

The structural and magnetic properties of Fe$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$~($x$ = 0.32, 0.36, 0.40, 0.50) alloys have been investigated using synchrotron based x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique with x-rays of wavelength 0.63658 \AA\ down to 50 K temperature, magnetic measurement using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and high resolu...

The double perovskite Bi1.75La0.25FeMnO6 (BLFMO) ceramic was prepared by a solid-state reaction method and characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscope, and optical, dielectric, and electrical property analysis. The synthesized material has a...

Purpose To study the simplified sphericity index (SSI) of planning target volume (PTV) and correlate it with the gradient index (GI) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment of brain metastasis. Materials & Methods A collection of fifteen brain metastasis cases previously treated with SRS/SRT by volumetric-modu...

The main purpose of the review article is to introduce the Davission–Germer experiment, to prove the wave nature of electrons through the electron diffraction technique. Initially, de-Broglie proposed a theory about the wave nature of the particle. He argued that every particle has a wave character like each wave has a particle character. He made a...

We present the synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization of an iron-modified lanthanum silver manganate ceramic, La0.85Ag0.15Mn0.8Fe0.2O3. XRD investigation at room temperature using Rietveld refinement indicates rhombohedral crystal symmetry (#R \(\overline{3}\) c) with a crystallite size of 30 nm. Scanning electron micrographs demonst...

This paper outlines the investigation of structural, dielectric, complex impedance and optical properties of lanthanum-modified (Bi0.5La0.5Fe)0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5Ti)0.5O3 (BLF–BNT) single perovskite oxide synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. From Rietveld refinement, the crystal structure of the BLF–BNT ceramic has confirmed a tetrago...

Due to the rising demand for composite materials that integrate the advantages of both components, material science has increased in both popularity and utilization. Over the past few years, there has been an increase in interest in modifying the structural characteristics of materials on a nanometre scale. The fundamentals of polymers are delibera...

In this chapter, composites are macroscopic-scale materials created by the fusion of two or more materials with various chemical, physical, and morphological components. These materials acquire certain brand-new or enhanced mechanical, chemical, physical, and other properties that are unrelated to those of their constituent parts. To meet some uniq...

In this communication, the synthesis and characterizations of modified strontium manganate (SrCu 1/3 Mn 1/3 W 1/3 O 3 ) (SCMWO) by high‐temperature solid‐state method are reported. The structural analysis predicts a monoclinic structure with a crystallite size of 36.8 nm. The analysis of the Raman active modes reveals the presence of all the consti...

In this review, the fifth state of the matter is discussed. There are five states of the matter; solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensation state (BECs). The fifth state of the matter is called Bose-Einstein condensation state. It is a low temperature state of Bose gases. First observations of the exotic state of matter in an ultrac...

This paper presents a detailed synthesis method by solid-state reaction route and typical characterization (structural, microstructural, dielectric, impedance, modulus, and optical properties) of a double perovskite material Bi 2 FeMn[Formula: see text]Ce[Formula: see text]O 6 . An orthorhombic crystal structure having an average crystallite size o...

A double-perovskite material Bi2FeMn0.94Ce0.06O6 (BFMCO) was synthesized by solid state reaction technique and characterized it by various techniques (structural, microstructural, dielectric, impedance and modulus properties). The material has an orthorhombic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 52.4 nm, as revealed by X-ray diffra...

In this communication, synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization of the Bi1-xLaxFeO3 (x = 0.03, 0.06, and 0.1) ceramics by a conventional solid-state reaction method were reported. The structural analysis of the samples predicts a rhombohedral crystal symmetry with the average crystallite size of 25–40 nm. The analysis of scanning elect...

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of SrMn0.9Ce0.1O3 (SMCO), synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction method, unveiling its structural and electronic properties. The X-ray structural analysis reveals a distorted perovskite structure with hexagonal symmetry, supported by Goldschmidt's tolerance factor (0.95) and SISCO tolera...

Purpose To analyse the dosimetric benefit of the hybrid inverse planning optimisation (HIPO) planning method over the graphical optimisation (GrO) planning method for 3D volume-based intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) in a mono-centre patient cohort. Material and methods Twenty-five patients surgically staged with endometrial cancer were considered...

The paper presents a synthesis (solid-state. reaction) and characterization of a lead-free double perovskite oxide Ba 2 (FeMo)O 6 ceramic. The initial analysis using X-ray diffraction revealed that the material has a cubic crystal symmetry with a micro-lattice strain of 0.000824 and an average crystallite size of 62[Formula: see text]nm. The micros...

Statistical mechanics is the branch of theoretical physics studying the microscopic properties of a system in equilibrium. When a system consists of many particles and the different methods employed are to get a macroscopic property of the system without taking individual motion into account, the probability is required. A macrostate refers to the...

This communication describes a solid-state reaction prepared bismuth oxide and related complex compounds (BNKMT) of a chemical composition (1 − x)BiFeO3 − x(Bi0.5Na0.25K0.25Ti0.5Mn0.5O3), where x = 0.15 and 0.20. Structural studies of the complex system show rhombohedral crystal symmetry (#R3c). The homogeneous distribution of the grains and grain...

In this communication, the synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization (XRD, SEM, EDX, and IS) of the (1 − x)BiFeO3 − x(BiNaKTiMnO3), (x = 0.05 and 0.1) ceramics were reported. The structural analysis suggests a rhombohedral crystal symmetry (#R3c) with an average crystallite size of 39.6 nm and micro-lattice strain of 0.000401 in x = 0.0...

In this paper, synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization (XRD, SEM, EDX, RAMAN, UV & LCR) of a double perovskite: BiLaCoMnO6 (BLCMO) are reported. The structural analysis suggests monoclinic crystal symmetry with average crystallite size = 79.6 nm and lattice strain = 0.00149 respectively. The analysis of the scanning electron microscop...

In this communication, the synthesis (solid-state sintering) and characterization of a double perovskite BiFeMoO 6 are reported. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data provides monoclinic crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 85.6[Formula: see text]nm and lattice strain of 0.00078, respectively. The microstructural analysis of the...

In this paper, the synthesis of Ca3CuZr4O12 (CCZO) ceramic by a cost-effective mixed solid-state reaction route is discussed. The analysis of XRD profile confirms a rhombohedral structure with space group R-3c. The Williamson-Hall method is used to calculate average crystallite and lattice compressive strain, which are about 38.7 nm and 0.0238%, re...

In the present investigation, the synthesis of the strontium copper titanate [Formula: see text] ceramic by the cost-effective solid-state reaction was reported. The structural analysis suggests a single-phase tetragonal crystal symmetry with space group P4/mmm. The average crystallite size and mechanical compressive microlattice strain are found t...

In this communication, a monoclinic BaCaZrMnO6 double perovskite was synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique. The Williamson-Hall method was used to calculate mean crystallite size of 53.1 nm and micro-lattice strains of 0.0256% respectively. The study of the microstructural properties of the sample was completed using a scanning electron m...

In this article, the influence of co-substitution of alkali and transition metals at the Ba/Mo site of host BaMoO4 (inorganic Scheelite) is reported. A new lead-free double perovskite BaLiFeMoO6 (BLFMO) is synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction route, having tetragonal crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 93.2 nm and...

The report on the micropolar fluid is useful in diversified areas, i.e. the flow of blood in the artery, colloidal suspension, paint, polymers, etc. The study is vital because of its exciting research and applications in different industries and science and engineering. Insight into the physical phenomena, the present article explores the character...

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization (structural, dielectric, electrical and optical) of a double perovskite, BaSrZrMnO 6 (BSZMO), by a conventional solid-state reaction route are reported. The sample has an orthorhombic crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 40.7[Formula: see text]nm and a micro-lattice strain of 0.226%....

In this communication, the synthesis of the Ca3CuTi4O12 (CCTO) ceramic by a conventional solid-state reaction method is reported. The XRD analysis confirms an orthorhombic structure with average crystallite size and lattice strain are about 96.5 nm and 0.116% respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis confirms both w...

The authors wish to clarify that this article [1] has been submitted, reviewed and published after the previous version [2] was retracted. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.

In this communication, synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization (XRD, SEM, EDAX, RAMAN, UV & LCR) of a double perovskite BaKFeMoO6 (BKFMO) are reported. Monoclinic crystal symmetry with average crystallite size and lattice strain are evaluated as 55 nm and 0.254% respectively from XRD data. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study re...

In this paper, the synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization (structural, electrical, and optical) of K⁺/Fe⁺³ co-doped inorganic BaWO4 (i.e., BaKFeWO6) double perovskite are reported. The XRD profile suggests an orthorhombic crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 95 nm and a lattice strain of 0.145 %. The incorporation of...

In this paper, the synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization (structural, dielectric, electrical, and optical) of the (BiFeO 3 )[Formula: see text]–(CaTiO 3 )[Formula: see text] (BFCTO) are reported. The structural analysis suggests a distorted rhombohedral crystal symmetry (#R-3m) with average crystallite of 93.2[Formula: see text]nm a...

Purpose To investigate and evaluate the feasibility of a simple modified Divided Planning Target Volume (DPTV) optimization method in radiation therapy planning of lung cancer patients. Methods A cohort of 15 patients of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (13 patients stage III and two patients of stage II) who were previously treated with Concurrent Chem...

In this communication, the analysis of the entropy generation on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Eyring-Powell nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the effects of heat source/sink is reported. The presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are responsible for the enhancement in the properties of heat transfer. With the help of suitable similarity t...

In this communication, the study of Raman and impedance spectroscopy of a calcium copper zirconate (Ca3CuZr4O12) quadruple perovskite prepared by solid-state reaction method is reported. Appearance of Raman peaks suggests presence of the vibrational modes of all constituent elements present in the prepared material. The frequency and temperature de...

In this communication, the barium manganite (BaMnO3) ceramic is prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The study of dielectric properties reveals that material has high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss; suitable for energy storage devices. The study of impedance spectroscopy suggests that Z′ decreases with the increase o...

A solid-state reaction technique was used to make cerium (Ce) modified strontium manganite SrMn0.9Ce0.1O3 (SMCO). The Goldschmidt's tolerance factor of 0.95 and the Sure Independence Screening and Sparsifying Operator (SISCO) tolerance factor of 4.02, both are within the permissible range. SMCO’s average crystallite size and micro-lattice strain we...

In this communication, the structural and electrical properties of modified polymethyl methacrylate bismuth nickel titanate ceramic polymer composites are reported. The nickel doped bismuth titanate ceramics are prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique and composites with 3 and 10% ceramic fillers are prepared using the solu...

In this paper, we have mainly discussed the electric field (frequency) and thermal (temperature) effect on dielectric, and electrical (impedance, electrical, and conduction) properties of a solid-state reaction technique prepared cerium modified barium manganite (BaMn0.85Ce0.15O3). The dielectric study exhibits high dielectric constant, low tangent...

The modified structure of BF-BNT (Bi0.5La0.5Fe)0.25(Bi0.5Na0.5Ti)0.75O3) single perovskite is prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction technique. The structural analysis suggests a tetragonal crystal with space group P4bm (JCPDS file No. 01-070-4760). The average crystallite and lattice strains are 87.2 nm and 0.116% respectively. The dielec...

In this paper, the synthesis (by solid-state reaction route) and characterization (structural, microstructural, electrical, and optical properties) of the BaNaFeWO6 lead-free double perovskite are reported. Room temperature structural analysis suggests that the material crystallizes in monoclinic crystal symmetry with average crystallite size and l...

In this communication, the synthesis (solid-state reaction route) and characterization (structural and electrical properties) of Li/Fe modified barium tungstate BaWO4 of chemical formula (BaLi)(FeW)O6 double perovskite have been reported. Analysis of room temperature X-ray diffraction data shows the formation of a new single-phase (double perovskit...

In this communication, the effect of the addition of the copper (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) metallic nanoparticles on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) water-based flow over a porous elastic surface is explored. The objective of the work is to include the radiative effect that interacts with the metallic nan...

In this communication, the synthesis of modified calcium manganate (CaCu1/3Mn1/3W1/3O3) ceramics by a conventional solid-state reaction technique is reported. The possibility of the incorporation of Cu/W ions in the B-site of the CaMnO3 ceramics is investigated. The structural analysis predicts a rhombohedral structure with space group R-3c (#167)....

Cerium doped strontium manganese (SrMn0.97Ce0.03O3) ceramics was prepared by solid state reaction route. The structural analysis suggests a hexagonal structure (P63/mmc) with refine lattice constants are; a =b=0.5532nm, c=0.9108nm, α=β=90°, γ=120°, ρ=5.42 g/cm³, and V=241.38×106 pm3. The average crystallite size and micro-strain in the material are...

In this communication, cerium modified Bi0.65Fe0.65Pb0.35Ti0.2Ce0.15O3 ceramics was synthesized by the high-temperature metal oxides method. It has a rhombohedral crystal structure with R-3c space group. The average crystalline of the sample is 79.4 nm. The Raman spectrum suggests that when the Ce is doped into BF-PT ceramic; then A1 and E-symmetry...

In this communication, the convenient solid state technique had been adopted for the preparation of sodium doped bismuth titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) ceramic sample in a specified temperature. The classified sample has been found to be possessed a rhombohedral structure as obtained from the XRD analysis having a space group of R-3c (#167). Na dopants...

We investigate the structural properties of Fe1−xNix/Cu/Fe1−xNix ( x=0.5, non-Invar and x=0.36, Invar) trilayers deposited on Si(100) at room temperature using the dc magnetron sputtering technique in ultra high vacuum conditions taking high-purity Fe, Ni and Cu metals with Cu layer thickness 4, 6 and 8 nm for each alloy composition. The structure...

The La modified bismuth ferrite perovskite Bi0.6La0.4FeO3 (BLF) is prepared by cost-effective high solid-solution casting technique. Formation of composite is checked through X-ray diffraction and also notable that there is phase transition from rhombohedral (R3c) to orthorhombic (Pbnm). The average crystalline size (DSC) and mechanical lattice str...

Co1–xTix (x = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) thin films were prepared on Si (100) substrate using DC-magnetron sputtering deposition technique. A structural phase transition occurs from hexagonal to cubic crystal structure when the Ti composition is above 30 percentage. The thickness of the films obtained from X-ray Reflectivity data is about 30 nm. The average...

This presented review article is constructed to be an extensive source for polymer nanocomposite researchers covering the relation of structure with property, manufacturing techniques, and potential applications when a small number of nanosized particles are added to a host polymer matrix. The exceptional structural, mechanical, and electrical prop...

In this communication, the cerium (Ce) modified (Bi0.4Fe0.4)(Pb0.6Ti0.3Ce0.3)O3 (BF-PT) ceramics is prepared by conventional solid-state reaction technique. The compound is found to crystallize in the rhombohedral crystal system with space group R-3c (#167). The refined lattice parameters are a = b = 4.989 Å, c = 17.062 Å, \(\alpha = \beta = 90^{^\...

A novel lead zinc titanate tungsten oxide (PbZn[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] single perovskite was synthesized employing a cost-effective solid-state reaction technique. A phase transition occurs from tetragonal (P4mm) to monoclinic (C2/m) after substituting zinc (Zn) and tungsten (W) into the B-si...

We report the growth and characterization of the Co[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] thin film. The thin film was deposited on Si (100) substrate by using a direct-current magnetron sputtering deposition technique. The Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) analysis suggests a bcc crystal structure with a lattice constant of 2.87Å. The...

The magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow comprised of dust particles is carried out in the current investigation. The role of dust nanoparticles on the flow characteristics is vital. The radiative heat phenomena for the interaction of Cu nanoparticle are deliberated in this discussion. However, both water and oil (kerosene) are treated as conventiona...

In this communication, structural, dielectric, spectroscopic and electrical characteristics of cerium-modified strontium manganite perovskite of a composition SrMn0.9Ce0.1O3, (SMCO) prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique have been reported. The preliminary structural analysis of SrMnO3 exhibits hexagonal (P63/mmc) crystal str...

Cobalt-iron thin film was deposited on rotating silicon (100) substrate using the DC-magnetron sputtering deposition unit. The structure is examined by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction and results reveal that the sample has a bcc crystal structure with lattice constant 2.65 Å. The X-ray Reflectivity data analysis confirms that the thickness of t...

A novel cerium doped strontium manganite (SrMn0.94Ce0.06O3) perovskite is synthesized by means of high-temperature cost effective solid-state reaction technique. A hexagonal crystal structure has been suggested for the above manganite based on their XRD patterns. The average crystallite size of the sample was found to be 72.2 nm using Scherrer's re...

Solid state technique is employed to prepare La doped BNT-BFO perovskite ceramics. The sample has cubic structure and lattice strain ¼ 0.00127 calculated by Williamson–Hall method. The frequency bands corresponding to Bi-O, Ti-O, O-, NaO, LaO and FeO stretching confirm that Feþ2 , Laþ2 ions completely incorporate the Tiþ4 ions in the B site of the...

In this chapter a systematic investigation of impact of mechanical activation on structural, microstructural, thermal and optical properties of MgO-TiO 2 nano-crystalline composite system, synthesized via high energy ball milling techniques. Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot method was employed to understand the signature of the broadening in the XRD peak...

In this paper, we report the field and temperature dependence of magnetoresistance of trilayer made by sandwitching Cu layer between two Fe-Ni layers. Two trilayer structures have been prepared (i) Fe0.59Ni0.41 (50 nm)/Cu (8 nm)/ Fe0.59Ni0.41 (50 nm) (non invar trilayer) and (ii) Fe0.61Ni0.39 (50 nm)/Cu (8 nm)/ Fe0.61Ni0.39 (50 nm) (invar trilayer)...

The synthesis of barium cerium manganite (BaMn 0.9 Ce 0.1 O 3 ) perovskite compound by using a high-temperature oxide mixing method is reported. Structural analysis suggests a hexagonal crystal structure with space group P63/mmc. The average crystallite size and micro-lattice strain of the sample are about 74.4 nm and 0.107% respectively. The SEM m...

We report the synthesis of barium cerium manganite (BaMn0.94Ce0.06O3) single perovskite by using a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. A structural phase transition occurs from hexagonal to orthorhombic confirmed by XRD data analysis after doping cerium (Ce) to the pure barium manganite (BaMnO3) matrix. The average crystallit...

A lead-free complex perovskite, strontium nickel tungsten manganite Sr(Ni1/3Mn1/3W1/3)O3(SNMWO), was synthesized following a cost-effective standard ceramic processing technology. The structure of the compound was found to be cubic. A detailed study of scanning electron micrograph and the energy-dispersive spectra of SNMWO provided the quality and...

A few novel metal-polymer (polyurethane-iron (PU-Fe)) nanocomposites were fabricated. First, the polyurethane (PU) polymer is synthesized from the ethylene glycol and iso-phorone di-isocyanate (as monomers) keeping the NCO/OH ratio at 1.2. The metal-polymer nanocomposites(PU/Fe) with 30 wt% of high-purity filler (Fe) powder of nano size were added...

Lead magnesium tungsten titanate PbMg[Formula: see text] Ti[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]O 3 was prepared by adopting a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The sample has tetragonal crystal structure having average crystallite size 45.1325[Formula: see text]nm calculated using Scherer’s relation and the average grain size is abou...

We investigate the structural properties of Fe$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$/Cu/Fe$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$ ( $x=0.5$, non Invar and $x=0.36$, Invar) trilayers deposited on Si~(100)~at room temperature using dc magnetron sputtering technique in ultra high vacuum conditions taking high purity Fe, Ni and Cu metals with Cu layer thickness 4, 6 and 8 nm for each alloy compositio...

A conventional solid-state method was used to prepare Pb(Fe1/3Ti1/3W1/3)O3 single perovskite material. The sample sintered at 900 °C was studied by XRD and after Rietveld refinement the orthorhombic structure with Pbam space group was confirmed. The FTIR frequency bands corresponding to Pb–O, Ti–O, O-lattice, W–O–W and Fe–O stretching vibrations to...

A lead-based multiferroic, Pb(Co1/3Mn1/3W1/3)O3, was synthesized by using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. Based on X-ray structural analysis, an orthorhombic crystal structure has been suggested for the material. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image exhibits a morphology with and uniform grains distribution. A detailed st...

Novel polyurethane-Nickel [PU/Ni(0)] polymer-metal nanocomposites were fabricated with 5 to 15 wt% of Ni(0) in the polyurethane matrix. The XRD reflections confirmed the presence of the nano-Nickel in the PU/Ni(0) composites. The increase in the intensities of the characteristic peaks of nano-Nickel corresponds to the weight percent of Ni(0) in the...

A study of structural and magnetic properties of Co0.4 Fe0.6 thin film alloy on Si (1 0 0) substrate deposited using the DC-magnetic sputtering technique is reported. Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GI-XRD) is used to study the crystal structure of the thin film alloy. The structural analysis reveals that thin-film alloy has a bcc crystal stru...

Preparation technique and structural analysis of random CuNi disordered alloys have been discussed. The arc-melting method is used to prepare different compositions of substitutional random disordered Cu1-x Nix (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) alloys. The stoichiometric amounts of highly purity constituents copper and nickel metals 5 N (99.999%) have been...

The presence of tetragonal distortion and spontaneous polarisation in lead titanate attracts the researchers to modify the titanate perovskites. A modified lead titanate Pb(Cd1/3W1/3Ti1/3)O3 perovskite is synthesized by a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. XRD pattern of the sample confirms the cubic crystal structure hav...