S. A. Ogarev

S. A. Ogarev
All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements | FSUE VNIIOFI · Radiometry and Radiation Thermometry

Ph.D.

About

66
Publications
12,968
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414
Citations
Introduction
Additional affiliations
May 1999 - present
All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements
Position
  • Head of Section

Publications

Publications (66)
Article
Full-text available
We present the results of development of a prototype of cavity-type model of black body in the form of a graphite ampoule filled with a δMoC–C eutectic alloy of molybdenum with carbon that realizes a high-temperature reference point (HTRP) of 2856 K on the temperature scale. It is shown that the created ampoule may serve as a precision “type-A” opt...
Article
Full-text available
The new stage of the development of space-borne information systems is the creation of the Global Earth Observation System. For the full functioning of such a system, it is necessary to provide the uniformity of measurements of all national systems as members of the global system, with high-quality measurement data. This requires the implementation...
Article
Full-text available
High-temperature standard blackbody models are presented. Radiators with adjustable temperature and blackbody models with fixed temperatures based on the melting phase transitions of metal–carbon eutectic alloys, which are alloys characterized by a high degree of stability, high isothermicity, and high emissive power, are described.
Article
Full-text available
Low- and mid-temperature blackbody models with operating temperatures in the range 80–1200 K are considered. These types of models function as components of verification systems for preflight calibrations of onboard optical radiometric space equipment operating in the infrared range of wavelengths. Radiation sources with tunable temperature and mod...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A new blackbody suitable for spectral irradiance measurements has been developed. The blackbody, BB-PyroG/3000/20 has a pyrolytic graphite radiator and similar design to the blackbody BB3500M that widely used for spectral irradiance, but much smaller, less power consuming and, thus, accessible for to a wider range of users. The new blackbody has a...
Article
Full-text available
A new large-area furnace with maximum temperature of 3500 K was designed at the VNIIOFI as a furnace for high-temperature M(C)-C fixed points, and then investigated at the NMIJ. Temperature uniformity was investigated as to its dependence on various heater and cell holder arrangements. One Re-C and one TiC-C cells were made using BB3500YY and then...
Conference Paper
Metrological radiometric facilities for optoelectronic instruments calibration utilize in terms of standards as radiation detectors in a form of cryogenic radiometers (CR), so as radiation sources. However in practice, there are no CR working within IR spectral range. An alternative way of radiometric calibration in middle and far IR ranges is to...
Article
Full-text available
The cavity-type high temperature blackbody (HTBB) models of BB3200/3500 series are the most spread among metrological institutes worldwide as sources for radiometry and radiation thermometry, due to their ultra high working temperatures, high emissivity and stability. The materials of radiating cavities are graphite, pyrolytic graphite (PG) and the...
Article
Full-text available
The All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements is currently carrying out a project on developing an integrated system for measurement assurance of Earth observations. The system should provide ground calibration of instruments and their control during space-borne observations. Such tasks require appropriate measurement fac...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The paper describes in details three newly developed cavity-type blackbody models with variable working temperature for radiometry and thermometry calibrations within -60 °C to 2000 °C temperature range: BB2000/40, BB1200/10, BB100 series, and a universal high-temperature furnace for operation with Cu and Agcontaining removable fixed-point crucible...
Article
Low-temperature cavity-type blackbodies (BB), VTBB and BB100K1, are developed at VNIIOFI for operation as IR radiation sources of the Middle Background Calibration Facility in the temperature range from −60 °C to 90 °C, which is being constructed by KRISS for calibration of multi-spectral cameras for space applications. The VTBB model, featured by...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The paper is concerned with cavity-type blackbodies developed at VNIIOFI within the last years for wide temperatures range from -173 °C to 3200 °C and various applications such as vacuum- and middle-background calibration facility, spectral irradiance and other radiometric applications. The principles of operation, design, controlling software and...
Article
Full-text available
Two high-temperature blackbodies were developed and tested. The first one is a graphite blackbody with a maximum temperature of 2000 °C, an opening of 40 mm, and an emissivity of 0.995. It is intended for the routine calibration of pyrometers. The second one is a small version of a pyrolytic graphite (PG) blackbody with a cavity diameter of 15 mm,...
Chapter
Full-text available
The chapter presents a discussion on the history, theory, design and application of blackbody radiators for radiation thermometry applications. The calibration of optical instruments for measuring thermal radiation can be performed in one of the two ways: either the absolute spectral responsivity of a detector with respect to a primary detector sta...
Article
Utilization of Earth remote-sensing data to solve scientific and engineering problems within such fields as meteorology and climatology requires precise radiometric calibration of space-borne instruments. High-accuracy calibration equipment in the thermal-IR wavelength range ought to be combined during calibration procedures with the simulation of...
Article
Full-text available
Melting/freezing temperature curves are studied for the single-component Ga and bimetallic eutectic alloys Ga–In, Ga–Sn, Ga–Zn,and Ga–Al in small-size cells. These phase-transition studies were conducted at VNIIOFI in order to design small-size fixed-point devices for metrological monitoring of temperature sensors on autonomous (e.g., space borne)...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The paper describes radiometric facility at VNIIOFI in the rank of National special standard aimed to solve a problem of pre-flight and in-flight precision calibration of space-borne radiometers for Earth remote sensing within (0.3-25) μm wavelength range. Measurement complex, simulating cryo-vacuum environment of orbital flight, consists of two fa...
Article
Full-text available
Results of impurity analyses for the starting materials Ti, Zr, Re, and W and of their resulting alloys with carbon are shown and discussed. The elimination of some impurities from the original metals by smelting with carbon when forming the eutectic and peritectic metal–carbon alloys is demonstrated.
Article
Full-text available
A large-area furnace BB3500YY was designed and built at the VNIIOFI as a furnace for high-temperature metal (carbide)–carbon (M(C)–C) eutectic fixed points and was then investigated at the NMIJ. The dependence of the temperature uniformity of the furnace on various heater and cell holder arrangements was investigated. After making some improvements...
Article
Full-text available
Melting/freezing curves are studied for the single-component Ga and bimetallic eutectic alloys Ga–In, Ga–Sn, Ga–Zn and Ga–Al in small-size cells. These phase-transition studies were conducted at VNIIOFI and SDL in order to design small-size fixed-point devices for metrological monitoring of temperature sensors on autonomous platforms. Our prime obj...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Variable temperature black body BB3500MP (operated up to 3500 K) with large aperture has been worked out at the VNIIOFI and represents evolution of BB3200pg/BB3500 series. It has a cylindrical heater consisting of a set of pyrolytic graphite rings with inner diameter of 59 mm and total length of 400 mm. Its radiating cavity has 250 mm depth and 34...
Article
Full-text available
The demands of modern radiation thermometry and radiometry are being satisfied by a large variety of high-precision unique BB sources (both fixed-point and variable temperature) designed for a wide range of temperature from 100 K to 3500 K. The paper contains a detailed review of low-, medium- and high-temperature precision blackbodies developed at...
Article
Full-text available
The international Global Earth Observation System of Systems is at its initial stage. We present some general information about the program and formulate the task of ensuring the uniformity of radiometric measurements to be conducted by all the participating national systems. Methods of solving the task are suggested on the basis of the wide applic...
Article
Full-text available
A suite of state primary standards is described for the units of optical radiation consisting of precision standard sources, detectors, and other opticoelectronic devices developed at VNIIOFI in the period 1982–2002. Results are given from international comparisons and the use of standard facilities and calibration units for metrological support to...
Article
Full-text available
A wide range of precise blackbody radiation sources that cover the entire optical wavelength range from IR to near-UV at working temperatures from 80 to 3500 K and provide highly stable and uniform radiation has been developed at VNIIOFI. The unique characteristics of blackbody sources have made them the basis of national primary measurement standa...
Article
The article is devoted to the state primary standard of the luminous intensity unit (candela) and luminous flux unit (lumen) of continuous and pulsed radiation GET 5-03 created at VNIIOFI and also the contemporary state of providing uniformity of light quantity measurements based on a new edition of the state verification scheme GOST 8.023-2003.
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A new large-area furnace with maximum temperature of 3500 K was designed at the VNIIOFI as a furnace for high-temperature M(C)-C fixed points, and then investigated at the NMIJ. Temperature uniformity was investigated as to its dependence on various heater and cell holder arrangements. One Re-C and one TiC-C cells were made using BB3500YY and then...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Data on elimination of impurities from TiC-C are presented and discussed. The idea of less sensitivity of eutectics as the fixed points to impurity, than that in case of pure materials, is suggested. It is concluded that criteria of both initial metals purity and metal-carbon eutectics purity are not as tough as for fixed points on pure metals.
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Specially designed Re-C, TiC-C and ZrC-C fixed-point cells for irradiance measurements have been produced by VNIIOFI. In several investigations at VNIIOFI and PTB the usability of the design for irradiance measurements has been demonstrated. Current developments of furnace uniformity demonstrate further improvements to the systems.
Conference Paper
The solution of problems within the nine major directions of research formulated in the 10-year implementation plan for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) requires that the measurements conducted by all its systems be traceable to a single standard source. The highest requirements for the radiometric measurements follow from the...
Article
Full-text available
Since 2001, fixed-point blackbodies based upon M(C)-C eutectics have been developed and studied at VNIIOFI. A specific feature of these activities is the development of wide-aperture fixed-point cells, which are required for the irradiance-mode measurements. The results of our investigation of blackbodies based on Re-C (2748 K), TiC-C (3034 K), ZrC...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Since 2001, fixed-point blackbodies based upon M(C)-C eutectics have been developed and studied at VNIIOFI. A specific feature of these activities is the development of wide-aperture fixed-point cells, which are required for the irradiance-mode measurements. The results of our investigation of blackbodies based on Re-C (2748 K), TiC-C (3034 K), ZrC...
Article
Paper reviews high-precision unique blackbodies within 100 to 1000 K temperature, designed at the All-Russian Research Institute for Opto-Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI, Russia) within the last decade for preflight calibration of space-borne radiometric instruments. The required accuracy and long-term stability of measurement account for 0.1% and 0...
Article
Full-text available
Paper reviews a new large-area high-precision blackbody BB100-V1, designed at the All-Russian Research Institute for Opto-Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI, Russia) as a source within 240 to 350 K temperature range for preflight calibration of space-borne radiometric instruments at such research organizations as NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems and JAXA (Jap...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Paper presents the detailed review of the latest generation of precision high-temperature blackbodies developed at VNIIOFI during last 2 years – models BB3200-M, BB3500MP, and BB-PyroG. Their direct prototypes, high temperature pyrolitic graphite blackbodies BB3200 and BB3500 had been developed within the last decade of years and used in several wo...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Titanium-carbide eutectic fixed point has been developed and investigated using eight cells of different configuration with 4-mm and 10-mm cavity diameter, and conical one with 13-mm base. Two kinds of titanium powder were used. More than 200 melting/freezing cycles were carried out. The cells show a good agreement within the uncertainty of the mea...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A comparison of Re-C (2747 K) and TiC-C (3034 K) eutectic fixed-point cells, which were constructed independently by each institute, was conducted among VNIIOFI, NMIJ and BIPM at VNIIOFI. For Re-C a Nagano furnace and an LP-3 radiation thermometer, transferred from NMIJ, were used in conjunction with a BB3200pg furnace and a TSP-2 radiation thermom...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Re-C, TiC-C, ZrC-C and HfC-C fixed-point blackbodies have been developed and investigated. Two types of crucibles were used: with 4 and 10 mm radiating cavities. Transition temperatures were measured according to ITS with a radiance-mode pyrometer. The freezing temperatures were 2747.9±1.3 K, 3033.6±1.6 K, 3155.0±1.8 K and 3458.5±2.5 K (k=2) for Re...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The thermodynamic temperatures of the phase transition of Re-C, TiC-C, and ZrC-C eutectic fixed-point cells have been measured for the first time using different filter radiometers in irradiance mode. The spectral responsivity of these filter radiometers was measured traceable to the primary detector standard of the PTB, a laser based cryogenic rad...
Article
Full-text available
The paper presents a detailed review of precision blackbodies that are low‐, medium‐, and high‐temperature range sources developed at VNIIOFI during the past 30 years. Low‐temperature blackbodies were developed for calibration facilities of spaceborne instruments. Medium‐temperature blackbodies are used for radiance temperature and IR radiometric m...
Article
Full-text available
Re‐C, TiC‐C and ZrC‐C metal‐carbon eutectics cells were developed and investigated at VNIIOFI (Russia) for use as high‐temperature fixed‐point blackbodies for precise measurements in radiometry, photometry and radiation thermometry. Two types of cells containing cavities with 4 mm and 10 mm diameters were designed that allow using them in radiance...
Article
Full-text available
We have designed at VNIIOFI a high-accuracy radiation thermometer, model TSP-2 (Transfer Standard Pyrometer), for radiometric scale dissemination within the temperature range from 600°C to 3200 °C. This thermometer has been recently modified and investigated. The new TSP-4 model of radiation thermometer is under development now.
Article
Full-text available
An intercomparison of radiation temperature measurements was performed at VNIIOFI during October 2000 using a pyrolytic graphite blackbody operating over the temperature range from 1600 K to 3300 K. A pyrometer and two photometers from VNIIOFI, a pyrometer and four broadband glass filter detectors from PTB, and two narrow-band interference filter b...
Article
Full-text available
High-temperature fixed-point blackbodies based on Re–C and TiC–C metal–carbon eutectic alloys are being investigated for use as radiance and irradiance sources for precise measurements in radiometry, photometry and radiation thermometry above the conventionally assigned values of temperatures on the ITS-90 scale. Graphite crucibles having inner dia...
Article
Full-text available
The large variety of high-precision unique blackbody sources: those operating at fixed temperatures provided by phase transitions of metals and metal-carbon eutectics, and variable-temperature ones had been designed in VNIIOFI for high-precision radiometry, radiation thermometry and spaceborne remote sensing within a 100 to 3500K temperature range....
Article
Several fixed-point cells (with 2 and 4 mm apertures for spectral-radiance application, and with 8 and 10 mm apertures (for the spectral irradiance measurements) have been designed and investigated at VNIIOFI consisted of a high- purity graphite crucibles containing Re-C ingots with nominal total impurity levels of 5,5N at the eutectic composition(...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The present state of the art of precision radiometry based on the medium temperature blackbody source BB1000, developed by VEGA International, Inc., is analyzed. The characteristics of the blackbody (for the range of working temperatures up to 1000 K), operating now in SDL under cryo-vacuum conditions, are described. Results of theoretical and expe...
Article
A 28-GHz millimeter-wave field is studied in a region of interference due to reflection from a single building on a nonobstructed path. The approach enables one to take into account the patterns of the receive and transmit antennas and reflection characteristics of the underlying surface and building when the receive antenna moves along and across...
Article
The coherent component and statistical characteristics of fluctuations of the field of a millimeterwave (MMW) beam propagating through a forest-park are mathematically described and measured under field conditions. The mathematical model takes into account interference of partial beams of different amplitudes: the beam scattered by the forest edge...
Conference Paper
With the aim of channel modelling millimetre wave (MMW) (Ka-range) wavebeams propagating in shadowed and line-of-sight terrestrial paths (within the framework of wireless telecommunication networks like LMDS/FWA/MMDS), the paper presents a mathematical description, computation results and measurement data under real conditions of coherent component...
Article
It was originally analytically solved the problem of field distribution of a narrow-directed MM-wave beam behind obstacle. Experiments proved anticipated field levels that are 40 dB higher than the levels of omni-directed decimeter (DM) radiation. It was proposed and verified in series of measurements the model of forming of interference structure...
Article
In the paper there are presented the mathematical description and the results of the numerical analysis of frequency response function (FRF) of a turbulent atmospheric radiochannel over the terrestrial surface in Millimeter-wave (MMW) band. Here it is given the analysis of effect on the FRF of the MMW parameters fluctuations due to atmospheric turb...
Conference Paper
The results of a theoretical investigation using the first approximation of the Rytov smooth perturbation method, and of an experimental analysis of the fluctuations of a millimeter wave (MMW) beam (λ=8.3 mm) reflected by an unmovable object located at the distance of L=17 km, are presented. The authors carry out an analysis of the MMW parameters u...
Conference Paper
The authors present a mathematical description and work out a numerical analysis of the frequency response functions of the turbulent atmospheric radiochannel in the millimeter-wave band, taking into account the impact of the roughness of underlying terrestrial surfaces. It was theoretically shown and experimentally confirmed at λ=2.2 mm that under...
Article
The purpose of this paper is to obtain an estimate of the phase distortions of keyed millimeter wave signals along a satellite Earth route in the case of propagation in a turbulent atmospheric layer. The possibility for an operational evaluation of the turbulent state of an atmospheric satellite-Earth communications channel from measurements of the...
Article
The results of measurements of the spectral characteristics of the amplitude and phase difference of signals in the bistatic arrangement on the earth's surface are presented. It is shown that the power parameters of the reflected signal can be determined for amplitude and phase-difference measurements. Values of the reflection coefficient of the ea...

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